Mechanics of composite structural elements

Title:

Personal Author:

Altenbach, Holm, 1956-

Series:

Foundations of engineering mechanics

Publication Information:

Berlin : Springer, 2004

ISBN:

9783540408659

Subject Term:

Composite materials -- Mechanical properties

Added Author:

Altenbach, J. (Johannes)

Kissing, W. (Wolfgang)

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Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010082657	TA418.9.C6 A474 2004	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

Laminate and sandwich structures are typical lightweight elements with rapidly ex panding application in various industrial fields. In the past, these structures were used primarily in aircraft and aerospace industries. Now, they have also found ap plication in civil and mechanical engineering, in the automotive industry, in ship building, the sport goods industries, etc. The advantages that these materials have over traditional materials like metals and their alloys are the relatively high specific strength properties (the ratio strength to density, etc). In addition, the laminate and sandwich structures provide good vibration and noise protection, thermal insulation, etc. There are also disadvantages - for example, composite laminates are brittle, and thejoining of such elements is not as easy as with classical materials. The recycling of these materials is also problematic, and a viable solution is yet to be developed. Since the application of laminates and sandwiches has been used mostly in new technologies, governmental and independent research organizations, as well as big companies, have spent a lot of money for research. This includes the development of new materials by material scientists, new design concepts by mechanical and civil engineers as well as new testing procedures and standards. The growing de mands of the industry for specially educated research and practicing engineers and material scientists have resulted in changes in curricula of the diploma and master courses. More and more universities have included special courses on laminates and sandwiches, and training programs have been arranged for postgraduate studies.

1 Classification of Composite Materials	p. 1
1.1 Definition and Characteristics	p. 2
1.2 Significance and Objectives	p. 7
1.3 Modelling	p. 8
1.4 Material Characteristics of the Constituents	p. 11
1.5 Advantages and Limitations	p. 13
1.6 Problems	p. 14
2 Linear Anisotropic Materials	p. 15
2.1 Generalized Hooke's Law	p. 16
2.1.1 Stresses, Strains, Stiffness, and Compliances	p. 17
2.1.2 Transformation Rules	p. 23
2.1.3 Symmetry Relations of Stiffness and Compliance Matrices	p. 27
2.1.4 Two-dimensional Material Equations	p. 40
2.1.5 Curvilinear anisotropy	p. 45
2.1.6 Problems	p. 48
2.2 Fundamental Equations and Variational Solution Procedures	p. 52
2.2.1 Boundary and Initial-Boundary Value Equations	p. 53
2.2.2 Principle of Virtual Work and Energy Formulations	p. 57
2.2.3 Variational Methods	p. 62
2.2.4 Problems	p. 68
3 Effective Material Moduli for Composites	p. 77
3.1 Elementary Mixture Rules for Fibre-Reinforced Laminae	p. 78
3.1.1 Effective Density	p. 79
3.1.2 Effective Longitudinal Modulus of Elasticity	p. 79
3.1.3 Effective Transverse Modulus ofElasticity	p. 80
3.1.4 Effective Poisson's Ratio	p. 81
3.1.5 Effective In-plane Shear Modulus	p. 82
3.1.6 Discussion on the Elementary Mixture Rules	p. 83
3.2 ImprovedFormulas for Effective Moduli ofComposites	p. 84
3.3 Problems	p. 86
4 Elastic Behavior of Laminate and Sandwich Composites	p. 91
4.1 Elastic Behavior ofLaminae	p. 91
4.1.1 On-axis Stiffness and Compliances of UD-Laminae	p. 92
4.1.2 Off-axis Stiffness and Compliances of UD-Laminae	p. 97
4.1.3 Stress Resultants and Stress Analysis	p. 106
4.1.4 Problems	p. 113
4.2 Elastic Behavior ofLaminates	p. 119
4.2.1 General Laminates	p. 120
4.2.2 Stress-Strain Relations and Stress Resultants	p. 122
4.2.3 Laminates with Special Laminae Stacking Sequences	p. 129
4.2.4 Stress Analysis	p. 140
4.2.5 Thermal and Hygroscopic Effects	p. 143
4.2.6 Problems	p. 148
4.3 Elastic Behavior ofSandwiches	p. 153
4.3.1 General Assumptions	p. 154
4.3.2 Stress Resultants and Stress Analysis	p. 155
4.3.3 Sandwich Materials with Thick CoverSheets	p. 157
4.4 Problems	p. 158
5 Classical and Improved Theories	p. 161
5.1 General Remarks	p. 161
5.2 Classical Laminate Theory	p. 165
5.3 Shear Deformation Theory for Laminates and Sandwiches	p. 171
5.4 Layerwise Theories	p. 176
5.5 Problems	p. 177
6 Failure Mechanisms and Criteria	p. 183
6.1 Fracture Modes of Laminae	p. 184
6.2 Failure Criteria	p. 188
6.3 Problems	p. 200
7 Modelling and Analysis of Beams	p. 205
7.1 Introduction	p. 205
7.2 Classical Beam Theory	p. 207
7.3 Shear Deformation Theory	p. 220
7.4 Sandwich Beams	p. 226
7.4.1 Stresses and Strains for symmetrical cross-sections	p. 227
7.4.2 Stresses and strains for non-symmetrical cross-sections	p. 231
7.4.3 Governing Sandwich beam equations	p. 232
7.5 Hygrothermo-Elastic Effects on Beams	p. 236
7.6 Analytical Solutions	p. 237
7.7 Problems	p. 239
8 Modelling and Analysis of Plates	p. 251
8.1 Introduction	p. 252
8.2 Classical Laminate Theory	p. 252
8.3 Shear Deformation Theory	p. 267
8.4 Sandwich Plates	p. 273
8.5 Hygrothermo-Elastic Effects on Plates	p. 275
8.6 Analytical Solutions	p. 278
8.6.1 Classical Laminate Theory	p. 278
8.6.2 Shear Deformation Laminate Theory	p. 291
8.7 Problems	p. 298
9 Modelling and Analysis of Circular Cylindrical Shells	p. 315
9.1 Introduction	p. 316
9.2 Classical Shell Theory	p. 317
9.2.1 General Case	p. 317
9.2.2 Specially Orthotropic Circular Cylindrical Shells Subjected by Axial Symmetric Loads	p. 320
9.2.3 Membrane and Semi-membrane theories	p. 324
9.3 Shear Deformation Theory	p. 325
9.4 Sandwich Shells	p. 333
9.5 Problems	p. 334
10 Modelling and Analysis of Thin-walled Folded Structures	p. 339
10.1 Introduction	p. 340
10.2 Generalized Beam Models	p. 343
10.2.1 Basic Assumptions	p. 344
10.2.2 Potential Energy of the Folded Structure	p. 346
10.2.3 Reduction of the Two-dimensional Problem	p. 347
10.2.4 Simplified Structural Models	p. 352
10.2.5 An Efficient Structure Model for the Analysis of General Prismatic beam Shaped Thin-walled Plate Structures	p. 358
10.2.6 Free Eigen-vibration Analysis, Structure model A	p. 359
10.3 Solution Procedures	p. 361
10.3.1 Analytical Solutions	p. 362
10.3.2 Transfer Matrix Method	p. 363
10.4 Problems	p. 369
11 Finite Element Analysis	p. 377
11.1 Introduction	p. 378
11.1.1 FEM Procedure	p. 378
11.1.2 Problems	p. 381
11.2 Finite Beam Elements	p. 383
11.2.1 Laminate Truss Elements	p. 383
11.2.2 Laminate Beam Elements	p. 385
11.2.3 Problems	p. 391
11.3 Finite Plate Elements	p. 393
11.3.1 Classical Laminate Theory	p. 397
11.3.2 Shear Deformation Theory	p. 399
11.4 Generalized Finite Beam Elements	p. 404
11.4.1 Foundations	p. 405
11.4.2 Element Definitions	p. 405
11.4.3 Element Equations	p. 407
11.4.4 System Equations and Solution	p. 411
11.4.5 Equations for the Free Vibration Analysis	p. 412
11.5 Numerical Results	p. 413
11.5.1 Laminate Shell Elements in the Program System COS-MOS/M	p. 413
11.5.2 Examples for the use of Laminated Shell Elements	p. 417
11.5.3 Examples of the use of Generalized beam Elements	p. 431
A Matrix Operations	p. 435
A.1 Definitions	p. 435
A.2 Special Matrices	p. 436
A.3 Matrix Algebra and Analysis	p. 437
B Stress and strain transformations	p. 441
C Differential Operators for Rectangular Plates (Classical Plate Theory)	p. 443
D Differential Operators for Rectangular Plates (Shear Deformation Theory)	p. 445
E Differential Operators for Circular Cylindrical shells (Classical Shell Theory)	p. 447
F Differential Operators for Circular Cylindrical Shells (Shear Deformation Theory)	p. 449
G Solution Forms of the Differential Equation $$$$ = 0	p. 451
H Material's properties	p. 453
I References	p. 459
I.1 Selected Textbooks and Monographs on Composite Mechanics	p. 459
I.2 Supplementary Literature for Further Reading	p. 462
I.3 Selected Review Articles	p. 463
Index	p. 465

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