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Summary
Summary
"EHV AC Undergrounding Electrical Power" discusses methods of analysis for cable performance and for the behaviour of cable, mixed and overhead lines.
The authors discuss the undergrounding of electrical power and develop procedures based on the standard equations of transmission lines. They also provide technical and economical comparisons of a variety of cables and analysis methods, in order to examine the performance of AC power transmission systems. A range of topics are covered, including: energization and de-energization phenomena of transmission lines; power quality; and cable safety constraints.
"EHV AC Undergrounding Electrical Power" is a guide to cable insertion planning and the operation of power networks. It will enable readers to make performance comparisons between power transmission systems, which will be valuable for postgraduates, as well as engineers involved in power cable manufacturing or electrical transmission systems.
Author Notes
Roberto Benato was born in Venezia, Italy, in 1970. He received his Dr.-Ing. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Padova in 1995 and his PhD in Power Systems Analysis in 1999. In 2002 he was appointed Assistant Professor in the Power System Group in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Padova. His main fields of research are multiconductor analysis, EHV-HV transmission lines and advanced matricial techniques for static and dynamic power system analysis. He is a member of CIGRÉ WG B1.08 "Cable systems in multipurpose or shared structures", secretary of CIGRÉ JWG B3-B1.09 "Application of Long High Capacity Gas Insulated Lines in Structures" and a member of the IEEE PES Substations Committee. He is also a member of IEEE and the Italian AEIT.
Antonio Paolucci was born in Padova, Italy, in 1924. He received his Dr.-Ing. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Padova in 1950. He joined the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Padova in 1952 where he was Assistant and later Associate Professor. From 1973 to 2000 he was Full Professor of Power Systems Analysis. At present, he participates in the Power System Research Group of the University of Padova and is a member of AEIT.
Table of Contents
1 HV Cable World Statistics and some Large Installations | p. 1 |
1.1 Introduction | p. 1 |
1.2 Statistics of Cable Installed Lengths | p. 3 |
1.3 Large Installations of EHV Cable Systems | p. 7 |
1.4 Land and Submarine 150 kV AC Cable Link Sardinia-Corsica: SAR.CO | p. 7 |
1 5 The Madrid "Barajas" Airport Project (Spain) | p. 11 |
1.5.1 Milestones of the Barajas Project | p. 12 |
1.5.2 Technical Characteristics of the Link | p. 12 |
1.5.3 Tunnel and Earthing System Characteristics | p. 12 |
1.5.4 Power EHV Cables | p. 14 |
1.5.5 Cable Laying in the Tunnel | p. 16 |
1.5.6 The Transition Compounds and Protection Schemes | p. 17 |
1.6 380 kV Double-Circuit Cable of Mixed Line Turbigo-Rho (Italy) | p. 19 |
1.6.1 Milestones of the Turbigo-Rho Project | p. 19 |
1.6.2 The Undergrounding Link of the Turbigo-Rho Mixed Line | p. 20 |
1.6.3 Power EHV Cables | p. 21 |
1.7 Cable Laying | p. 23 |
1.7.1 The Transition Compounds and Protection Schemes | p. 25 |
References | p. 27 |
2 The Positive Sequence Model of Symmetrical Lines | p. 29 |
2.1 Introduction | p. 29 |
2.2 The Transmission Matrix of a Uniform Line | p. 29 |
2.3 Computation of Single-Core Cable Kilometric Parameters | p. 33 |
2.3.1 Computation of r (Cable) | p. 33 |
2.3.2 Computation of l (Cable) | p. 34 |
2.3.3 Computation of c (Cable) | p. 35 |
2.3.4 Computation of g (Cable) | p. 36 |
2.4 Computation of GIL Kilometric Parameters | p. 37 |
2.4.1 Computation of GIL Apparent Kilometric Resistance r | p. 38 |
2.4.2 Computation of GIL Kilometric Inductance l | p. 39 |
2.4.3 The Computation of GIL Kilometric Capacitance c | p. 41 |
2.4.4 Computation of GIL Kilometric Shunt Conductance g | p. 41 |
2.5 Some Other Matrix Relations Deriving from the Fundamental One | p. 41 |
2.6 Cascade Connections of Two Port Networks (TPN) | p. 42 |
2.7 Parallel Connection of Equal Two Port Circuits Thermally and Electrically Decoupled | p. 43 |
2.8 The Shunt Reactive Compensation | p. 45 |
2.8.1 The Uniformly Distributed Compensation | p. 45 |
2.8.2 The Lumped Compensation | p. 46 |
References | p. 48 |
3 Operating Capability of Long AC EHV Power Cables | p. 49 |
3.1 Introduction | p. 49 |
3.2 The Basic Constraints | p. 49 |
3.3 First Analysis: U 0S (¿), I R Constrained | p. 52 |
3.4 Second Analysis: U 0S (v), I S Constrained | p. 54 |
3.5 Voltages and Currents Along the Cable | p. 55 |
3.6 Power Values Compatible with Basic Constraints and with Voltage Levels at the Receiving-End | p. 57 |
3.7 No-Load Energization and De-Energization | p. 60 |
3.8 Power Capability Charts | p. 63 |
3.8.1 Theoretical Limits of the Length d | p. 70 |
3.9 Steady State Regimes Within Power Areas | p. 70 |
3.9.1 Enhanced Capability Charts | p. 72 |
3.9.2 Application of Ossanna's Method | p. 75 |
3.10 Cables with Gas Insulation (GILs) | p. 78 |
3.11 Regimes with U 0S = 230kV | p. 80 |
3.12 "Receiving Area" and "Sending Area" as Set Intersection | p. 80 |
3.12.1 The Determination of the Receiving Area as Set Intersection | p. 81 |
3.12.2 The Determination of the Sending Area as Set Intersection | p. 82 |
3.13 The Analysis Along the Cable with Lumped Shunt Compensation | p. 82 |
3.14 Conclusions | p. 86 |
References | p. 86 |
4 Operating Capability of AC EHV Mixed Lines with Overhead and Cables Links | p. 89 |
4.1 Introduction | p. 89 |
4.2 Mixed Lines: OHL-UGC-OHL | p. 90 |
4.3 The Transmission Matrices for the System Study | p. 92 |
4.4 First Analysis | p. 92 |
4.5 Second Analysis | p. 94 |
4.6 The Capability Charts | p. 96 |
4.6.1 Phase Voltage Levels at R | p. 99 |
4.7 No-Load Energization and De-Energization | p. 99 |
4.8 The Use of Capability Charts as a Guide | p. 104 |
4.9 "Receiving Area" and "Sending Area" as Intersections of Sets | p. 110 |
4.10 Analysis Completion | p. 112 |
4.10.1 Analysis Completion by Means of Ossanna's Method and Matrix Algorithms | p. 112 |
4.11 Circuital Considerations | p. 113 |
4.11.1 The Three Matrices N H1 , N S1 , N R1 | p. 114 |
4.11.2 The Elements of N H1 | p. 114 |
4.11.3 The Matrix N S1 | p. 116 |
4.11.4 The Matrix N R1 | p. 116 |
4.11.5 The Matrices N K2 , N S2 , N R2 | p. 117 |
4.12 Conclusions | p. 118 |
References | p. 118 |
5 Multiconductor Analysis of UGC | p. 119 |
5.1 Introduction | p. 119 |
5.2 Multiconductor Cell of Three Single-Core Cables Lines | p. 120 |
5.2.1 The Admittance Matrix Y ¿ to Model the Elementary Cell | p. 122 |
5.2.2 Computation of Z L by Means of Simplified Carson-Clem Formulae | p. 123 |
5.2.3 Computation of Z L by Means of Complete Carson Formulae | p. 123 |
5.2.4 Computation of Z L After Wedepohl | p. 124 |
5.2.5 Computation of Y T¿ | p. 124 |
5.3 Transposition Joints Modelling: Y J | p. 126 |
5.4 Earthing of Sheaths and Insertion of Possible Shunt Reactors: Y E ; Y E¿ | p. 127 |
5.5 The Multiconductor Supply Model at the Sending-End | p. 129 |
5.6 Equivalent Receiving-End Matrix for Load Modelling | p. 131 |
5.7 The Cascade Composition of Blocks Modelled by "Admittance Partitioned Matrices": A First, Simple Circuit | p. 131 |
5.7.1 The Introduction of Other Blocks in the First Simple Circuit and the Steady State Analysis | p. 133 |
5.7.2 The No-Load Subtransient Energization Analysis | p. 135 |
5.8 The Admittance Matrix Equivalent to k Blocks in Cascade Connections | p. 135 |
5.9 Application of Multiconductor Analysis to the System "Cable #b, 60 km" Already Studied in Chapter 3 with Simplified Criteria (see Figures 3.21 and 3.36) | p. 137 |
5.9.1 Comparisons with Other Methods | p. 145 |
5.10 Conclusions | p. 146 |
References | p. 147 |
6 A Comparative Procedure for AC OHL and UGC Overall Cost | p. 149 |
6.1 Introduction | p. 149 |
6.2 OHL and UGC in the Comparative Procedure | p. 150 |
6.3 The Capital Costs of OHL and UGC | p. 154 |
6.4 Energy Losses and Their Actual Cost | p. 154 |
6.5 The Burden on Territory | p. 158 |
6.6 The Visual Impact | p. 162 |
6.7 Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Costs | p. 162 |
6.8 Dismantling or Decommissioning Cost | p. 163 |
6.9 The Cost of UGC Shunt Reactive Compensation | p. 163 |
6.10 Two Case Studies: #al vs. 2#c1 with d = 10km | p. 166 |
6.10.1 First Case Study with Duration Curve of Figure 6.14a | p. 166 |
6.10.2 Second Case Study with Duration Curve of Figure 6.14b | p. 167 |
6.10.3 Sensitivity to the Principal Parameters | p. 168 |
6.11 Case Study of Section 6.9 with Duration Curve of Figure 6.14a | p. 169 |
6.12 Conclusion | p. 170 |
References | p. 170 |
Index | p. 173 |