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Summary
Summary
Simulation is integral to the successful design of modern radar systems, and there is arguably no better software for this purpose than MATLAB. But software and the ability to use it does not guarantee success. One must also:
Ö Understand radar operations and design philosophy
Ö Know how to select the radar parameters to meet the design requirements
Ö Be able to perform detailed trade-off analysis in the context of radar sizing, modes of operation, frequency selection, waveforms, and signal processing
Ö Develop loss and error budgets associated with the design
MATLAB Simulations for Radar Systems Design teaches all of this and provides the M-files and hands-on simulation experience needed to design and analyze radar systems. Part I forms a comprehensive description of radar systems, their analysis, and the design process. The authors' unique approach involves a design case study introduced in Chapter 1 and followed throughout the text. As the treatment progresses, the complexity increases and the case study requirements are adjusted accordingly. Part II presents a series of chapters-some authored by other experts in the field-on specialized radar topics important to a full understanding of radar systems design and analysis.
A comprehensive set of MATLAB programs and functions support both parts of the book and are available for download from the CRC Press Web site.
Table of Contents
Preface | |
Acknowledgment | |
Part I | |
Chapter 1 Introduction to Radar Basics | p. 1 |
1.1. Radar Classifications | p. 1 |
1.2. Range | p. 3 |
1.3. Range Resolution | p. 5 |
1.4. Doppler Frequency | p. 7 |
1.5. The Radar Equation | p. 13 |
1.6. Search (Surveillance) | p. 20 |
1.7. Pulse Integration | p. 27 |
1.8. Radar Losses | p. 35 |
1.9. "MyRadar" Design Case Study - Visit 1 | p. 41 |
1.10. MATLAB Program and Function Listings | p. 48 |
Appendix 1A Pulsed Radar | p. 59 |
1A.1. Introduction | p. 59 |
1A.2. Range and Doppler Ambiguities | p. 60 |
1A.3. Resolving Range Ambiguity | p. 61 |
1A.4. Resolving Doppler Ambiguity | p. 64 |
Appendix 1B Noise Figure | p. 69 |
Chapter 2 Radar Detection | p. 75 |
2.1. Detection in the Presence of Noise | p. 75 |
2.2. Probability of False Alarm | p. 79 |
2.3. Probability of Detection | p. 81 |
2.4. Pulse Integration | p. 83 |
2.5. Detection of Fluctuating Targets | p. 90 |
2.6. Probability of Detection Calculation | p. 95 |
2.7. The Radar Equation Revisited | p. 104 |
2.8. Cumulative Probability of Detection | p. 106 |
2.9. Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) | p. 109 |
2.10. "MyRadar" Design Case Study - Visit 2 | p. 113 |
2.11. MATLAB Program and Function Listings | p. 117 |
Chapter 3 Radar Waveforms | p. 141 |
3.1. Low Pass, Band Pass Signals and Quadrature Components | p. 141 |
3.2. The Analytic Signal | p. 143 |
3.3. CW and Pulsed Waveforms | p. 144 |
3.4. Linear Frequency Modulation Waveforms | p. 148 |
3.5. High Range Resolution | p. 153 |
3.6. Stepped Frequency Waveforms | p. 154 |
3.7. The Matched Filter | p. 165 |
3.8. The Replica | p. 169 |
3.9. Matched Filter Response to LFM Waveforms | p. 170 |
3.10. Waveform Resolution and Ambiguity | p. 172 |
3.11. "Myradar" Design Case Study - Visit 3 | p. 177 |
3.12. MATLAB Program and Function Listings | p. 182 |
Chapter 4 The Radar Ambiguity Function | p. 187 |
4.1. Introduction | p. 187 |
4.2. Examples of the Ambiguity Function | p. 188 |
4.3. Ambiguity Diagram Contours | p. 204 |
4.4. Digital Coded Waveforms | p. 206 |
4.5. "MyRadar" Design Case Study - Visit 4 | p. 223 |
4.6. MATLAB Program and Function Listings | p. 224 |
Chapter 5 Pulse Compression | p. 235 |
5.1. Time-Bandwidth Product | p. 235 |
5.2. Radar Equation with Pulse Compression | p. 236 |
5.3. LFM Pulse Compression | p. 237 |
5.4. "MyRadar" Design Case Study - Visit 5 | p. 257 |
5.5. MATLAB Program and Function Listings | p. 262 |
Chapter 6 Surface and Volume Clutter | p. 267 |
6.1. Clutter Definition | p. 267 |
6.2. Surface Clutter | p. 268 |
6.3. Volume Clutter | p. 280 |
6.4. Clutter Statistical Models | p. 283 |
6.5. "MyRadar" Design Case Study - Visit 6 | p. 284 |
6.6. MATLAB Program and Function Listings | p. 288 |
Chapter 7 Moving Target Indicator (MTI) and Clutter Mitigation | p. 293 |
7.1. Clutter Spectrum | p. 293 |
7.2. Moving Target Indicator (MTI) | p. 294 |
7.3. Single Delay Line Canceler | p. 296 |
7.4. Double Delay Line Canceler | p. 298 |
7.5. Delay Lines with Feedback (Recursive Filters) | p. 300 |
7.6. PRF Staggering | p. 302 |
7.7. MTI Improvement Factor | p. 303 |
7.8. "MyRadar" Design Case Study - Visit 7 | p. 309 |
7.9. MATLAB Program and Function Listings | p. 313 |
Chapter 8 Phased Arrays | p. 319 |
8.1. Directivity, Power Gain, and Effective Aperture | p. 319 |
8.2. Near and Far Fields | p. 321 |
8.3. General Arrays | p. 322 |
8.4. Linear Arrays | p. 325 |
8.5. Planar Arrays | p. 341 |
8.6. Array Scan Loss | p. 375 |
8.7. "MyRadar" Design Case Study - Visit 8 | p. 378 |
8.8. MATLAB Program and Function Listings | p. 380 |
Chapter 9 Target Tracking | p. 401 |
Single Target Tracking | |
9.1. Angle Tracking | p. 401 |
9.2. Amplitude Comparison Monopulse | p. 407 |
9.3. Phase Comparison Monopulse | p. 416 |
9.4. Range Tracking | p. 418 |
Multiple Target Tracking | |
9.5. Track-While-Scan (TWS) | p. 420 |
9.6. State Variable Representation of an LTI System | p. 422 |
9.7. The LTI System of Interest | p. 426 |
9.8. Fixed-Gain Tracking Filters | p. 427 |
9.9. The Kalman Filter | p. 445 |
9.10. "MyRadar" Design Case Study - Visit 9 | p. 454 |
9.11. MATLAB Program and Function Listings | p. 462 |
Part II | |
Chapter 10 Electronic Countermeasures (ECM) | p. 471 |
10.1. Introduction | p. 471 |
10.2. Jammers | p. 472 |
10.3. Range Reduction Factor | p. 482 |
10.4. Chaff | p. 485 |
10.5. MATLAB Program and Function Listings | p. 493 |
Chapter 11 Radar Cross Section (RCS) | p. 501 |
11.1. RCS Definition | p. 501 |
11.2. RCS Prediction Methods | p. 503 |
11.3. Dependency on Aspect Angle and Frequency | p. 504 |
11.4. RCS Dependency on Polarization | p. 508 |
11.5. RCS of Simple Objects | p. 517 |
11.6. Scattering From a Dielectric-Capped Wedge | p. 536 |
11.7. RCS of Complex Objects | p. 557 |
11.8. RCS Fluctuations and Statistical Models | p. 558 |
11.9. MATLAB Program and Function Listings | p. 560 |
Chapter 12 High Resolution Tactical Synthetic Aperture Radar (TSAR) | p. 589 |
12.1. Introduction | p. 589 |
12.2. Side Looking SAR Geometry | p. 590 |
12.3. SAR Design Considerations | p. 592 |
12.4. SAR Radar Equation | p. 599 |
12.5. SAR Signal Processing | p. 600 |
12.6. Side Looking SAR Doppler Processing | p. 601 |
12.7. SAR Imaging Using Doppler Processing | p. 606 |
12.8. Range Walk | p. 606 |
12.9. A Three-Dimensional SAR Imaging Technique | p. 608 |
12.10. MATLAB Programs and Functions | p. 623 |
Chapter 13 Signal Processing | p. 625 |
13.1. Signal and System Classifications | p. 625 |
13.2. The Fourier Transform | p. 627 |
13.3. The Fourier Series | p. 629 |
13.4. Convolution and Correlation Integrals | p. 631 |
13.5. Energy and Power Spectrum Densities | p. 632 |
13.6. Random Variables | p. 635 |
13.7. Multivariate Gaussian Distribution | p. 638 |
13.8. Random Processes | p. 641 |
13.9. Sampling Theorem | p. 642 |
13.10. The Z-Transform | p. 644 |
13.11. The Discrete Fourier Transform | p. 648 |
13.12. Discrete Power Spectrum | p. 648 |
13.13. Windowing Techniques | p. 650 |
13.14. MATLAB Programs | p. 654 |