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Library | Item Barcode | Call Number | Material Type | Item Category 1 | Status |
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Searching... | 33000000000579 | TA418.9.C6 T88 2013 | Open Access Book | Book | Searching... |
Searching... | 30000010307344 | TA418.9.C6 T88 2013 | Open Access Book | Book | Searching... |
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Summary
Summary
Structural Analysis of Polymeric Composite Materials, Second Edition introduces the mechanics of composite materials and structures and combines classical lamination theory with macromechanical failure principles for prediction and optimization of composite structural performance. It addresses topics such as high-strength fibers, manufacturing techniques, commercially available compounds, and the behavior of anisotropic, orthotropic, and transversely isotropic materials and structures subjected to complex loading.
Emphasizing the macromechanical (structural) level over micromechanical issues and analyses, this unique book integrates effects of environment at the outset to establish a coherent and updated knowledge base. In addition, each chapter includes example problems to illustrate the concepts presented.
Author Notes
Tuttle, Mark E.; Tuttle, Mark E.
Table of Contents
Preface | p. xiii |
Acknowledgments | p. xv |
Author | p. xvii |
1 Introduction | p. 1 |
1.1 Basic Definitions | p. 1 |
1.2 Polymeric Materials | p. 5 |
1.2.1 Basic Concepts | p. 5 |
1.2.2 Addition versus Condensation Polymers | p. 7 |
1.2.3 Molecular Structure | p. 8 |
1.2.4 Thermoplastic versus Thermoset Polymers | p. 10 |
1.2.5 Amorphous versus Semicrystalline Thermoplastics | p. 11 |
1.2.6 A-, B-, and C-Staged Thermosets | p. 12 |
1.2.7 The Glass Transition Temperature | p. 12 |
1.3 Fibrous Materials | p. 14 |
1.3.1 Glass Fibers | p. 15 |
1.3.2 Aramid Fibers | p. 16 |
1.3.3 Graphite and Carbon Fibers | p. 17 |
1.3.4 Polyethylene Fibers | p. 20 |
1.4 Commercially Available Forms | p. 21 |
1.4.1 Discontinuous Fibers | p. 21 |
1.4.2 Roving Spools | p. 22 |
1.4.3 Woven Fabrics | p. 22 |
1.4.4 Braided Fabrics | p. 25 |
1.4.5 Pre-Impregnated Products or "Prepreg" | p. 27 |
1.5 Manufacturing Processes | p. 29 |
1.5.1 Layup Techniques | p. 29 |
1.5.2 Autoclave Process Cycles | p. 31 |
1.5.3 Filament Winding | p. 34 |
1.5.4 Pultrusion | p. 35 |
1.5.5 Resin Transfer Molding | p. 37 |
1.6 Scope of This Book | p. 37 |
References | p. 39 |
2 Review of Force, Stress, and Strain Tensors | p. 41 |
2.1 The Force Vector | p. 41 |
2.2 Transformation of a Force Vector | p. 43 |
2.3 Normal Forces, Shear Forces, and Free-Body Diagrams | p. 50 |
2.4 Definition of Stress | p. 52 |
2.5 The Stress Tensor | p. 54 |
2.6 Transformation of the Strees Tensor | p. 59 |
2.7 Principal Stresses | p. 67 |
2.8 Plane Stress | p. 71 |
2.9 Definition of Strain | p. 79 |
2.10 The Strain Tensor | p. 83 |
2.11 Transformation of the Strain Tensor | p. 85 |
2.12 Principal Strains | p. 90 |
2.13 Strains within a Plane Perpendicular to a Principal Strain Direction | p. 93 |
2.14 Relating Strains to Displacement Fields | p. 100 |
2.15 Computer Programs 3Drotate and 2Drotate | p. 104 |
Homework Problems | p. 105 |
References | p. 109 |
3 Material Properties | p. 111 |
3.1 Material Properties of Anisotropic versus Isotropic Materials | p. 111 |
3.2 Material Properties That Relate Stress to Strain | p. 118 |
3.2.1 Uniaxial Tests | p. 119 |
3.2.2 Pure Shear Tests | p. 122 |
3.2.3 Specialization to Orthotropic and Transversely Isotropic Composites | p. 126 |
3.3 Material Properties Relating Temperature to Strain | p. 133 |
3.3.1 Specialization to Orthotropic and Transversely Isotropic Composites | p. 135 |
3.4 Material Properties Relating Moisture Content to Strain | p. 136 |
3.4.1 Specialization to Orthotropic and Transversely Isotropic Composites | p. 137 |
3.5 Material Properties Relating Stress or Strain to Failure | p. 138 |
3.6 Predicting Elastic Composite Properties Based on Constituents: The Rule of Mixtures | p. 141 |
Homework Problems | p. 148 |
References | p. 152 |
4 Elastic Response of Anisotropic Materials | p. 155 |
4.1 Strains Induced by Stress: Anisotropic Materials | p. 155 |
4.2 Strains Induced by Stress: Orthotropic and Transversely Isotropic Materials | p. 162 |
4.3 Strains Induced by a Change in Temperature or Moisture Content | p. 172 |
4.4 Strains Induced by Combined Effects of Stress, Temperature, and Moisture | p. 173 |
Homework Problems | p. 176 |
5 Unidirectional Composite Laminates Subject to Plane Stress | p. 179 |
5.1 Unidirectional Composites Referenced to the Principal Material Coordinate System | p. 179 |
5.2 Unidirectional Composites Referenced to an Arbitrary Coordinate System | p. 194 |
5.3 Calculating Transformed Properties Using Material Invariants | p. 213 |
5.4 Effective Elastic Properties of a Unidirectional Composite Laminate | p. 217 |
5.5 Failure of Unidirectional Composites Referenced to the Principal Material Coordinate System | p. 225 |
5.5.1 The Maximum Stress Failure Criterion | p. 227 |
5.5.2 The Tsai-Hill Failure Criterion | p. 228 |
5.5.3 The Tsai-Wu Failure Criterion | p. 229 |
5.6 Failure of Unidirectional Composites Referenced to an Arbitrary Coordinate System | p. 233 |
5.6.1 Uniaxial Stress | p. 233 |
5.6.1.1 Maximum Stress Criterion | p. 234 |
5.6.1.2 Tsai-Hill Criterion | p. 236 |
5.6.1.3 Tsai-Wu Criterion | p. 237 |
5.6.1.4 Comparison | p. 239 |
5.6.2 Pure Shear Stress States | p. 241 |
5.6.2.1 Maximum Stress Criterion | p. 242 |
5.6.2.2 Tsai-Hill Criterion | p. 245 |
5.6.2.3 Tsai-Wu Criterion | p. 246 |
5.6.2.4 Comparisons | p. 247 |
5.7 Computer Programs Unidir and Unifail | p. 249 |
5.7.1 Program Unidir | p. 250 |
5.7.2 Program Unifail | p. 251 |
Homework Problems | p. 251 |
References | p. 257 |
6 Thermomechanical Behavior of Multiangle Composite Laminates | p. 259 |
6.1 Definition of a "Thin Plate" and Allowable Plate Loadings | p. 259 |
6.2 Plate Deformations: The Kirchhoff Hypothesis | p. 264 |
6.3 Principal Curvatures | p. 269 |
6.4 Standard Methods of Describing Composite Laminates | p. 276 |
6.5 Calculating Ply Strains and Stresses | p. 280 |
6.6 Classical Lamination Theory | p. 294 |
6.6.1 Constant Environmental Conditions | p. 296 |
6.6.2 Including Changes in Environmental Conditions | p. 312 |
6.7 Simplifications due to Stacking Sequence | p. 326 |
6.7.1 Symmetric Laminates | p. 329 |
6.7.2 Cross-Ply Laminates | p. 332 |
6.7.3 Balanced Laminates | p. 334 |
6.7.4 Balanced Angle-Ply Laminates | p. 336 |
6.7.5 Quasi-Isotropic Laminates | p. 337 |
6.8 Summary of CLT Calculations | p. 339 |
6.8.1 A CLT Analysis When Loads Are Known | p. 340 |
6.8.2 A CLT Analysis When Midplane Strains and Curvatures Are Known | p. 341 |
6.9 Effective Properties of a Composite Laminate | p. 342 |
6.9.1 Effective Properties Relating Stress to Strain | p. 343 |
6.9.1.1 Extensional Properties | p. 343 |
6.9.1.2 Flexural Properties | p. 348 |
6.9.2 Effective Properties Relating Temperature or Moisture Content to Strain | p. 350 |
6.10 Transformation of the ABD Matrix | p. 355 |
6.11 Computer Program CLT | p. 361 |
6.12 Comparing Classical Lamination Theory and Finite-Element Analyses | p. 363 |
6.13 Free Edge Stresses | p. 375 |
6.13.1 The Origins of Free Edge Stresses | p. 375 |
6.13.2 Analytical and Numerical Studies of Free Edge Stresses | p. 381 |
6.13.3 Typical Numerical Results | p. 383 |
Homework Problems | p. 387 |
References | p. 394 |
7 Predicting Failure of a Multiangle Composite Laminate | p. 397 |
7.1 Preliminary Discussion | p. 397 |
7.2 Estimating Laminate Failure Strengths Using CLT | p. 401 |
7.2.1 Using CLT to Predict First-Ply Failure | p. 401 |
7.2.2 Predicting Last-Ply Failure | p. 408 |
7.3 First-Ply Failure Envelopes | p. 412 |
7.4 Computer Programs Lamfail and Progdam | p. 415 |
7.4.1 Program Lamfail | p. 417 |
7.4.2 Program Progdam | p. 418 |
Homework Problems | p. 421 |
References | p. 423 |
8 Composite Beams | p. 425 |
8.1 Preliminary Discussion | p. 425 |
8.2 Comparing Classical Lamination Theory to Isotropic Beam Theory | p. 426 |
8.3 Types of Composite Beams Considered | p. 432 |
8.4 Effective Axial Rigidity of Rectangular Composite Beams | p. 437 |
8.5 Effective Flexural Rigidities of Rectangular Composite Beams | p. 440 |
8.5.1 Effective Flexural Rigidity of Rectangular Composite Beams with Ply Interfaces Orthogonal to the Plane of Loading | p. 440 |
8.5.2 Effective Flexural Rigidity of Rectangular Composite Beams with Ply Interfaces Parallel to the Plane of Loading | p. 443 |
8.6 Effective Axial and Flexural Rigidities for Thin-Walled Composite Beams | p. 449 |
8.7 Statically Determinate and Indeterminate Axially Loaded Composite Beams | p. 467 |
8.8 Statically Determinate and Indeterminate Transversely Loaded Composite Beams | p. 472 |
8.9 Computer Program Beam | p. 487 |
Homework Problems | p. 488 |
References | p. 490 |
9 Stress Concentrations Near an Elliptical Hole | p. 491 |
9.1 Preliminary Discussion | p. 491 |
9.2 Summary of the Savin Solution for an Anisotropic Plate with Elliptical Hole | p. 492 |
9.3 Circular Holes in Unidirectional Laminates | p. 498 |
9.4 Elliptical Holes with an Aspect Ratio of Three in Unidirectional Laminates | p. 501 |
9.5 Circular Holes in Multiangle Laminates | p. 504 |
9.6 Computer Program Holes | p. 507 |
Homework Problems | p. 507 |
References | p. 508 |
10 The Governing Equations of Thin-Plate Theory | p. 509 |
10.1 Preliminary Discussion | p. 509 |
10.2 Equations of Equilibrium for Symmetric Laminates | p. 515 |
10.2.1 Equations of Equilibrium Expressed in Terms of Internal Stress and Moment Resultants, Transverse Loading, and Out-of-Plane Displacements | p. 516 |
10.2.2 Equations of Equilibrium Expressed in Terms of the [ABD] Matrix, Transverse Loading, and Midplane Displacement Fields | p. 526 |
10.3 Boundary Conditions | p. 529 |
10.3.1 Geometric (Kinematic) Boundary Conditions | p. 530 |
10.3.2 Static (Natural) Boundary Conditions | p. 531 |
10.3.3 Combinations of Geometric and Static Boundary Conditions | p. 535 |
10.3.3.1 Free Edge | p. 537 |
10.3.3.2 Simply Supported Edges | p. 538 |
10.3.3.3 Clamped Edges | p. 539 |
10.4 Representing Arbitrary Transverse Loads as a Fourier Series | p. 540 |
References | p. 546 |
11 Some Exact Solutions for Specially Orthotropic Laminates | p. 547 |
11.1 Equations of Equilibrium for a Specially Orthotropic Laminate | p. 547 |
11.2 In-Plane Displacement Fields in Specially Orthotropic Laminates | p. 549 |
11.3 Specially Orthotropic Laminates Subject to Simple Supports of Type S1 | p. 553 |
11.4 Specially Orthotropic Laminates Subject to Simple Supports of Type S4 | p. 559 |
11.5 Specially Orthotropic Laminates with Two Simply Supported Edges of Type S1 and Two Edges of Type S2 | p. 566 |
11.6 The Navier Solution Applied to a Specially Orthotropic Laminate Subject to Simple Supports of Type S4 | p. 572 |
11.7 Buckling of Rectangular Specially Orthotropic Laminates Subject to Simple Supports of Type S4 | p. 575 |
11.8 Thermal Buckling of Rectangular Specially Orthotropic Laminates Subject to Simple Supports of Type S1 | p. 585 |
11.9 Computer Program Sportho | p. 589 |
References | p. 590 |
12 Some Approximate Solutions for Symmetric Laminates | p. 591 |
12.1 Preliminary Discussion | p. 591 |
12.2 In-Plane Displacement Fields | p. 598 |
12.3 Potential Energy in a Thin Composite Plate | p. 602 |
12.3.1 Evaluation of Strain Energy Component UI | p. 607 |
12.3.2 Evaluation of Strain Energy Component UII | p. 608 |
12.3.3 Evaluation of Strain Energy Component UIII | p. 612 |
12.3.4 Evaluation of Work Done by Transverse Loads | p. 617 |
12.4 Symmetric Composite Laminates Subject to Simple Supports of Type S4 | p. 617 |
12.4.1 Deflections due to a Uniform Transverse Load | p. 618 |
12.4.2 Deflections due to a Sinusoidal Transverse Load | p. 626 |
12.4.3 Deflections due to a Transverse Load Distributed over an Interior Region | p. 628 |
12.4.4 Deflections due to a Transverse Point Load | p. 630 |
12.5 Buckling of Symmetric Composite Plates Subject to Simple Supports of Type S4 | p. 631 |
12.6 Computer Program Symm | p. 635 |
References | p. 635 |
Appendix A Experimental Methods Used to Measure In-Plane Elastic Properties | p. 637 |
References | p. 641 |
Appendix B Tables of Beam Deflections and Slopes | p. 643 |
Reference | p. 646 |
Index | p. 647 |