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Summary
Summary
Quantitative and Statistical Research Methods
This user-friendly textbook teaches students to understand and apply procedural steps in completing quantitative studies. It explains statistics while progressing through the steps of the hypothesis-testing process from hypothesis to results. The research problems used in the book reflect statistical applications related to interesting and important topics. In addition, the book provides a Research Analysis and Interpretation Guide to help students analyze research articles.
Designed as a hands-on resource, each chapter covers a single research problem and offers directions for implementing the research method from start to finish. Readers will learn how to:
Pinpoint research questions and hypotheses Identify, classify, and operationally define the study variables Choose appropriate research designs Conduct power analysis Select an appropriate statistic for the problem Use a data set Conduct data screening and analyses using SPSS Interpret the statistics Write the results related to the problemQuantitative and Statistical Research Methods allows students to immediately, independently, and successfully apply quantitative methods to their own research projects.
Author Notes
William E. Martin, EdD, is a professor and past chair of educational psychology in the College of Education, Northern Arizona University. He also served as senior scholar in the university's Faculty Research Center. His research areas are psychometric assessment, counselor development, psychosocial adjustment, and person-environment-based prevention and intervention methods.
Krista D. Bridgmon, PhD, is an assistant professor of psychology at Colorado State University-Pueblo. Her research areas are doctoral student attrition, stress and coping, school counseling, and sport psychology.
Table of Contents
Tables and Figures | |
Preface The Authors | |
Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview | |
Review of Foundational Research Concepts Review of Foundational Statistical Information The Normal Distribution | |
Chapter 2 Logical Steps of Conducting Quantitative Research: Hypothesis-Testing Process | |
Hypothesis-Testing Process | |
Chapter 3 Maximizing Hypothesis Decisions Using Power Analysis | |
Balance between Avoiding Type I and Type II Errors | |
Chapter 4 Research and Statistical Designs | |
Formulating Experimental Conditions Reducing the Imprecision in Measurement Controlling Extraneous Experimental Influences Internal Validity and Experimental Designs | |
Chapter 5 Introduction to IBM SPSS | p. 20 |
The IBM SPSS Data View Screen Naming and Defining Variables in Variable View Entering Data Examples of Basic Analyses Examples of Modifying Data Procedures | |
Chapter 6 Diagnosing Study Data for Inaccuracies and Assumptions | |
Research Example | |
Chapter 7 Randomized Design Comparing Two Treatments and a Control Using a One-Way | |
Analysis of Variance Research Problem Study Variables Research Design Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive) Research Question Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 1 Establish the Alternative (Research) Hypothesis (Ha) Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 2 Establish the Null Hypothesis (H0) Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 3 Decide on a Risk Level (Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 4 Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 5 Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 6 Make Decision Regarding the H0 and Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes and Confidence Intervals Formula Calculations of the Study Results | |
Chapter 8 Repeated-Treatment Design Using a Repeated-Measures Analysis of Variance Research Problem Study Variables Research Design Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive) Research Question Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 1 Establish the Alternative (Research) Hypothesis (Ha) Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 2 Establish the Null Hypothesis (H0) Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 3 Decide on a Risk Level (Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 4 Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 5 Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 6 Make Decision Regarding the H0 and Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes and Confidence Intervals Formula Calculations of the Study Results | |
Chapter 9 Randomized Factorial Experimental Design Using a Factorial ANOVA Research Problem Study Variables Research Design Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive) Research Question Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 1 Establish the Alternative (Research) Hypothesis (Ha) Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 2 Establish the Null Hypothesis (H0) Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 3 Decide on a Risk Level (Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 4 Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 5 Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 6 Make Decision Regarding the H0 and Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes and Confidence Intervals Formula Calculations of the Study Results | |
Chapter 10 Analysis of Covariance Research Problem Study Variables Research Design Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive) Research Question Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 1 Establish the Alternative (Research) Hypothesis (Ha) Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 2 Establish the Null Hypothesis (H0) Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 3 Decide on a Risk Level (Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 4 Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 5 Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 6 Make Decision Regarding the H0 and Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes and Confidence Intervals Formula ANCOVA Calculations of the Study Results ANCOVA Study Results | |
Chapter 11 Randomized Control Group and Repeated-Treatment Designs and Nonparametics Research Problem Study Variables Research Design Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive) Research Question Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 1 Establish the Alternative (Research) Hypothesis (Ha) Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 2 Establish the Null Hypothesis (H0) Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 3 Decide on a Risk Level (Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 4 Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 5 Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 6 Make Decision Regarding the H0 and Interpret Post Hoc Effect Sizes Nonparametric Research Problem Two: Friedman's Rank Test for Correlated Samples and Wilcoxon's Matched-Pairs Signed-Ranks Test | |
Chapter 12 Bivariate and Multivariate Correlation Methods Using Multiple Regression Analysis Research Problem Study Variables Research Method Stating the Omnibus (Comprehensive) Research Question Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 1 Establish the Alternative (Research) Hypothesis (Ha) Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 2 Establish the Null Hypothesis (H0) Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 3 Decide on a Risk Level (Alpha) of Rejecting the True H0 Considering Type I and II Errors and Power Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 4 Choose Appropriate Statistic and Its Sampling Distribution to Test the H0 Assuming H0 Is True Hypothesis Testing | |
Step 5 Select Sample, Collect Data, Screen Data, Compute Statistic, and Determine Probability Estimates Hand Calculations of Statistics | |
Chapter 13 Understanding Quantitative Literature and Research | |
Research Interpretation for Consumers Interpretation of a Quantitative Research Article | |
References Index |