Cross-layer resource allocation in wireless communications : techniques and models from PHY and MAC layer interaction

Cross-Layer Resource Allocation in Wireless Communications offers practical techniques and models for the design and optimisation of cross-layer resource allocation - one of the hottest topics in wireless communications.

Resource allocation in wireless networks is traditionally approached either through information theory or communications networks. To break down the barriers between these distinct approaches, this book bridges the physical and network layers by providing cross-layer resource allocation techniques, models, and methodologies. Its unique approach allows optimisation of network resources and will enable engineers to improve signal quality, enhance network and spectrum utilization, increase throughput, and solve the problem of shadowing. Topics covered include different views of spectral efficiency, the role of spatial diversity, of delay in resource allocation, and possible extensions to OFDMA systems.

This will be an ideal reference on cross-layer resource allocation between the PHY and MAC layers for R&D and network design engineers and researchers in universities dealing with sensor networks and cognitive systems.

Author Notes

Ana I. Perez-Neira is Professor of Signal Theory and Communication at Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, and Research Associate at Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya Castelldefels (CTTC)

Preface	p. ix
Acknowledgements	p. xi
List of Figures	p. xiii
List of Tables	p. xix
List of Acronyms	p. xxi
1 Introduction	p. 1
1.1 The need for a general framework for cross-layer design in wireless systems	p. 1
1.2 Measuring performance in cross-layer design	p. 3
1.2.1 The spectral efficiency	p. 3
1.2.2 The delay	p. 5
1.3 Considering multiple antennas	p. 6
1.4 Considering Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)	p. 7
1.5 Book structure	p. 8
References	p. 10
2 Different views of spectral efficiency	p. 13
2.1 The capacity	p. 15
2.2 Digital data modulation	p. 15
2.3 The bit error rate (BER)	p. 16
2.4 Channel coding	p. 17
2.5 The packet error rate (PER)	p. 18
2.5.1 Analytical approximation of PER curves	p. 20
2.6 The throughput	p. 21
2.7 Link adaptation	p. 24
2.7.1 Analytical approximation of throughput envelope	p. 26
2.7.2 Quality of service requirements	p. 27
2.8 The average spectral efficiency	p. 29
2.9 Summary	p. 31
References	p. 31
3 The cross-layer resource allocation problem	p. 35
3.1 Allocating resources: time, power, space and frequency	p. 36
3.2 Signal model for multi-user SIMO multiple access channel	p. 37
3.2.1 The successive interference cancellation (SIC) receiver	p. 39
3.3 Signal model for multi-user MISO broadcast channel	p. 40
3.4 The resource allocation policy definition	p. 42
3.5 The spectral efficiency region and the optimal resource allocation policy	p. 43
3.6 A particular case: the capacity region	p. 49
3.7 Summary	p. 52
3.8 Annex: Examples of signal processing techniques	p. 53
3.8.1 The bank of matched filters	p. 53
3.8.2 The zero forcing (ZF) beamformer	p. 53
3.8.3 The minimum mean square error (MMSE) beamformer	p. 54
References	p. 55
4 Cross-layer resource allocation in SISO systems	p. 57
4.1 Mud scheduling: the optimal policy	p. 58
4.1.1 Average power constraints	p. 60
4.1.2 Instantaneous power constraints	p. 61
4.2 Cross-layer approach to MUD scheduling	p. 64
4.2.1 The average spectral efficiency region of MUD scheduling	p. 64
4.2.2 An example of average spectral efficiency region in homogeneous networks	p. 66
4.2.3 An example of average spectral efficiency region in heterogeneous networks	p. 67
4.3 Total average throughput in networks with HMUD	p. 69
4.3.1 HMUD and feedback information	p. 75
4.4 Summary	p. 78
References	p. 79
5 Cross-layer resource allocation in SIMO systems	p. 81
5.1 Cross-layer resource allocation with a ZF beamformer	p. 83
5.2 The average throughput region of spatial multiplexing and scheduling	p. 86
5.3 The total average throughput of spatial multiplexing and scheduling	p. 90
5.4 Low complexity spatial multiplexing and scheduling policy	p. 94
5.4.1 A closed form approximation for the average throughput in Rayleigh fading channels	p. 96
5.5 Summary	p. 101
References	p. 103
6 Cross-layer resource allocation in MISO systems	p. 105
6.1 Cross-layer resource allocation with a ZF beamformer	p. 107
6.1.1 The optimal power allocation p*[subscript theta](H[subscript K]) with a ZF beamformer	p. 109
6.1.2 The optimal spatial multiplexing and scheduling set K*[subscript theta](H) with a ZF beamformer	p. 112
6.1.3 The average spectral efficiency region and the total average spectral efficiency	p. 112
6.2 Low complexity spatial multiplexing and scheduling policy	p. 116
6.2.1 A closed form approximation for the average throughput in Rayleigh fading channels	p. 118
6.3 Summary	p. 121
6.4 Annex: Water-filling algorithm with a ZF beamformer	p. 122
References	p. 123
7 Different views of delay in resource allocation for wireless systems	p. 125
7.1 The delay metrics	p. 126
7.1.1 The instantaneous delay	p. 127
7.1.2 Instantaneous delay variation	p. 127
7.1.3 Average delay	p. 128
7.1.4 Worst-case delay	p. 129
7.2 Sources of delay	p. 129
7.2.1 The access delay	p. 130
7.2.2 The queueing delay	p. 131
7.3 Access delay on resource allocation	p. 131
7.3.1 RR scheduling	p. 132
7.3.2 Spatial multiplexing and scheduling with CSI	p. 135
7.3.3 Proportional fair scheduling	p. 136
7.3.4 Frame division scheduling	p. 139
7.4 Queueing delay on resource allocation	p. 140
7.4.1 Queueing delay parameters	p. 141
7.4.1.1 The arrival process	p. 142
7.4.1.2 Service time distribution	p. 142
7.4.1.3 The available number of links	p. 143
7.4.1.4 Queue's maximum allowed length	p. 143
7.4.1.5 The total number of users in the system (Nt)	p. 144
7.4.1.6 The service policy	p. 144
7.4.2 Queueing delay and stability consideration	p. 145
7.5 Summary	p. 147
References	p. 148
8 Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing	p. 151
8.1 OFDM and OFDMA	p. 151
8.1.1 Basic signal model	p. 153
8.1.2 Resource allocation	p. 154
8.2 Mimo-Ofdma	p. 156
8.3 Summary	p. 159
References	p. 160
Index	p. 163

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