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Library | Item Barcode | Call Number | Material Type | Item Category 1 | Status |
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Searching... | 30000010164148 | RC88.9.T47 T73 2008 | Open Access Book | Book | Searching... |
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Summary
Summary
During the last century, the weapons of war became increasingly sophisticated and their effects ever more remote from the actual user. Militarization of nuclear atomic forces, chemicals and biological agents has considerably enlarged the arena of warfare, but of possibly even greater concern is the threat of such agents being deployed by terrorists. This book was originally published in French in 2004: subsequent events, such as the London bombings in July 2005, have only reinforced the importance of all doctors and emergency personnel understanding the various agents that could be used and having the knowledge to deal with victims of an attack or even an industrial accident. The book has therefore been translated into English to make it available to a wider audience.
The book was coordinated by Chantal Bismuth, Professor of Medicine who has acted as an advisor for the Minister of Health in France and is an international consultant in toxicology. Her co-editor, Patrick Barriot, is an anaesthetist with operational experience in the Paris Fire Brigade and the 11th division of Paratroops who is now responsible for the department of 'Biological risks from new technologies'. The authors are representative of the doctors who would have to deal with the human casualties of warfare or a terrorist attack. They review all weapons of mass destruction, both chemical and biological, including the use of bacteria, anthrax and viruses such as variola and influenza. In each case, they describe the pathogenic agent, the human consequences, organizational aspects of care for the victims and best practice for treatment. As one author reports, "The infections caused by potential biological warfare agents are seldom taught in the course of medical studies and the majority of physicians never encounter these types of pathology in their daily professional practice. Since its eradication, people are not trained to recognize smallpox or to make the differential diagnosis between anthrax and bronchitis." Other chapters cover the effects of nuclear weapons and radiation on humans as well as the features of Gulf War syndrome. An important chapter deals with the organization of medical responses to chemical or biological attack: "Planning, equipping, and training responder services are the best responses to the dispersion of chemical and biological agents."
The book addresses all those involved in the security of the civilian population, the organization of rescue services and the treatment of victims.
Table of Contents
Foreword | p. ix |
Preface | p. xiii |
About the translator | p. xv |
List of contributors | p. xvii |
1 Ambiguous concepts and porous borders | p. 1 |
Conventional weapons and CBRN weapons | p. 1 |
'Surgical strikes' and weapons of mass destruction | p. 5 |
From non-proliferation to counter-proliferation | p. 7 |
2 Introduction to chemical weapons | p. 11 |
Chemical agents and dissemination devices | p. 11 |
Warfare utilization of chemical agents | p. 14 |
Terrorism and counter-terrorism | p. 19 |
3 Chemical weapons | p. 23 |
History and doctrines | p. 23 |
An effective threat | p. 24 |
Limits of use and effects | p. 24 |
Currently proven facts | p. 27 |
Analysis of the different chemical agents utilized or currently available | p. 29 |
Chemical munitions and their delivery methods | p. 40 |
4 Chemical terrorism and cyanide | p. 45 |
The products and their effects on the body | p. 45 |
Clinical poisoning | p. 46 |
Diagnosis of cyanide poisoning | p. 47 |
Protection and victim decontamination | p. 48 |
Conclusion | p. 50 |
5 Why chemical weapons were not used during World War II and the use of such weapons by terrorists | p. 51 |
6 Toxins | p. 59 |
Ricin | p. 59 |
Botulinum toxins | p. 60 |
Other toxins | p. 62 |
7 Gulf war syndrome | p. 65 |
Risk factors | p. 65 |
Complaints and facts | p. 66 |
Proven facts | p. 67 |
Infectious and parasitic pathologies | p. 67 |
Proposed toxic pathologies | p. 67 |
Data from previous wars | p. 69 |
Politico-economic factors | p. 70 |
'Stressors' | p. 70 |
Conclusion | p. 71 |
8 Organizational aspects of the management of large numbers of victims during a chemical or biological accident | p. 73 |
Massive destruction? The realities of managing victims from a chemical or biological accident | p. 73 |
Properties of chemical and biological toxicants | p. 75 |
Practical response to a terrorist attack | p. 75 |
Specific medical and supply problems during management of vital distress during a toxic attack | p. 77 |
Victim triage | p. 78 |
Management of vital distress in the decontamination zone | p. 78 |
Management and handling of victims in the decontamination zone | p. 80 |
Conclusion | p. 81 |
9 Hospital management of chemical incident victims | p. 83 |
Appendix Hospital management of chemical risk | p. 88 |
Websites for more information, sample forms, etc. | p. 89 |
10 Non-conventional counter-terrorism | p. 91 |
Is it legitimate for counter-terrorism to conduct an assault with non-conventional weapons? | p. 92 |
11 Introduction to biological weapons | p. 95 |
Utilization of pathogenic agents for hostile ends | p. 96 |
Modern programs for offensive research | p. 97 |
Political assassinations 'terrorism' and counter-terrorism | p. 100 |
The different biological agents | p. 101 |
Production and dissemination of pathogenic agents | p. 102 |
Biological warfare against livestock and crops | p. 103 |
Biological weapons: are they weapons of mass destruction? | p. 104 |
12 Clinical approach to pathogenic agents | p. 107 |
Symptoms | p. 108 |
Pulmonary signs | p. 110 |
Mucocutaneous signs | p. 110 |
Neurological signs | p. 111 |
Gastrointestinal signs | p. 112 |
Preventive treatments | p. 113 |
Urgent questions | p. 113 |
13 Variola (smallpox) | p. 117 |
Biological warfare and terrorism | p. 117 |
Human and animal viruses | p. 118 |
Contagiousness and method of propagation | p. 119 |
The illness occurs in two forms | p. 119 |
The battle against smallpox | p. 120 |
Quarantine | p. 120 |
Vaccination | p. 120 |
Associated treatments | p. 123 |
14 Influenza and pneumonitis | p. 125 |
Influenza | p. 125 |
Epidemic risk | p. 127 |
Countermeasures and prevention | p. 128 |
Avian influenza ('bird flu'): the 20 key points | p. 129 |
Epidemic of atypical pneumonia | p. 135 |
15 Anthrax | p. 153 |
Pathophysiology | p. 153 |
Militarization of anthrax | p. 154 |
Anthrax booby-trapped letters | p. 154 |
Detection, identification and decontamination | p. 156 |
Treatment | p. 156 |
16 Biotechnologies: protection or threat? | p. 159 |
Industrial and pharmaceutical applications | p. 161 |
Fundamental research on pathogenic agents | p. 163 |
Biotechnologies and militarization of pathogenic agents | p. 165 |
Biotechnologies and development of new treatments | p. 167 |
Biotechnologies and genetic therapy | p. 168 |
Biotechnologies and development of identification and detection systems | p. 168 |
Risks due to this research | p. 170 |
Biotechnologies and open societies | p. 173 |
17 Nuclear and radiological weapons | p. 177 |
First- and second-generation weapons | p. 178 |
Third-generation weapons | p. 180 |
Neutron bombs | p. 180 |
Bombs with an increased penetration effect | p. 181 |
Radiological, or dirty, bombs | p. 181 |
Electromagnetic bomb (e bomb) | p. 182 |
The weapons and their delivery systems | p. 183 |
Nuclear arsenals in the world | p. 184 |
Terrorist projects | p. 186 |
From non-proliferation to counter-proliferation | p. 189 |
18 The effects of nuclear and radiological weapons on humans | p. 191 |
The effects of first- and second-generation weapons | p. 192 |
The effects of third-generation weapons | p. 195 |
The consequences of a terrorist act | p. 196 |
Therapeutic management | p. 198 |
Decontamination | p. 199 |
Anti-radiation and anticontamination treatments | p. 200 |
19 Chinks in the armor | p. 203 |
Plans | p. 204 |
Warning and chemical detection | p. 205 |
Warning and biological detection | p. 206 |
Warning and radiological detection | p. 207 |
Group protection | p. 207 |
Individual protection | p. 208 |
Decontamination | p. 211 |
Treatment | p. 214 |
Training response teams | p. 216 |
Exercises and simulations | p. 216 |
Offensive and defensive research | p. 217 |
Information management | p. 219 |
Postscript | p. 223 |
Appendix Questions and answers | p. 227 |
Index | p. 231 |