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Summary
Summary
To describe the flow of industrial fluids, the technical literature generally takes either a highly theoretical, specialized approach that can make extracting practical information difficult, or highly practical one that is too simplified and focused on equipment to impart a thorough understanding.
Flow of Industrial Fluids: Theory and Equations takes a novel approach that bridges the gap between theory and practice. In a uniquely structured series of chapters and appendices, it presents the basic theory and equations of fluid flow in a logical, common-sense manner with just the right amount of detail and discussion. Detailed derivations and explanations are relegated to chapter-specific appendices, making both aspects easier to access. The treatment is further organized to address incompressible flow before compressible flow, allowing the more complex theory and associated equations to build on the less complex.
The measurement and control of fluid flow requires a firm understanding of flow phenomena. Engineer or technician, student or professional, if you have to deal with industrial flow processes, pumps, turbines, ejectors, or piping systems, you will find that Flow of Industrial Fluids effectively links theory to practice and builds the kind of insight you need to solve real-world problems.
Author Notes
Mulley\, Raymond
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations | p. X |
List of Tables | p. XII |
About the Author | p. XIII |
Preface | p. XV |
Chapter I Flow of Incompressible Fluids | p. 1 |
I-1 Scope of Chapter - Basic Concepts | p. 1 |
I-2 Flow of Incompressible Fluids in Conduits | p. 2 |
I-3 Flow Regimes - Reynolds' Contributions | p. 6 |
I-4 Flow Profiles - Velocity Distributions | p. 11 |
I-5 Fluid Flow - An "Irreversible" Process | p. 16 |
I-6 Fundamental Relationships of Fluid Flow | p. 17 |
I-7 The Role of Viscosity | p. 22 |
I-8 "Friction Losses" | p. 33 |
I-9 Bernoulli Equation and the Darcy Equation Combined | p. 36 |
I-10 Conservation of Energy in Hydraulics Practice | p. 40 |
I-11 Worked Examples | p. 44 |
I-12 Chapter Summary | p. 49 |
Chapter II Incompressible Fluid Flow - Losses of Mechanical Energy | p. 51 |
II-1 Scope of Chapter - Applying Basic Concepts | p. 51 |
II-2 Reasoned Approach to Design - A Little Personal Philosophy | p. 52 |
II-3 The Bernoulli Equation Revisited | p. 53 |
II-4 Irreversibilities Due to Pipe and Fittings | p. 57 |
II-5 Examples of Estimations of Irreversibilities | p. 80 |
II-6 Chapter Summary | p. 98 |
Chapter III Pumps Theory and Equations | p. 99 |
III-1 Scope of Chapter - Pumps and Their Performance Capabilities | p. 99 |
III-2 Functions of Pumps | p. 100 |
III-3 A Brief History of Pumps | p. 104 |
III-4 Classification of Pumps | p. 105 |
III-5 Characteristics of Pumps | p. 109 |
III-6 Inherent and Installed Characteristics of Pumps | p. 130 |
III-7 Controlling Flow Through Pumps | p. 135 |
III-8 Hydraulic Turbines | p. 141 |
III-9 Worked Examples | p. 143 |
III-10 Chapter Summary | p. 148 |
Chapter IV Compressible Fluid Flow | p. 151 |
IV-1 Scope of Chapter - Comprehending Compressible Flow | p. 151 |
IV-2 Differences between Compressible and Incompressible Flow | p. 152 |
IV-3 Using Models | p. 154 |
IV-4 Treating Mixtures | p. 156 |
IV-5 Equations of Compressible Flow of an Ideal Gas | p. 157 |
IV-6 Ideal and Non-Ideal Gases - Comparison of Some Equations-of-State | p. 166 |
IV-7 Model Processes for Compressible Flow | p. 174 |
IV-8 Choked Flow and the Mach Number | p. 182 |
IV-9 Equations for Adiabatic Flow with Irreversibilities not Involving the Mach Number - the Peter Paige Equation | p. 184 |
IV-10 Equations for Isothermal Flow with Irreversibilities | p. 188 |
IV-11 Chapter Summary | p. 192 |
Chapter V Compressible Fluid Flow - Complex Systems | p. 195 |
V-1 Scope of Chapter - Computations for Complicated Compressible Flow Systems | p. 195 |
V-2 Describing the Piping Network | p. 196 |
V-3 Describing the Flow Regime | p. 198 |
V-4 Plan of Attack | p. 199 |
V-5 Manifold Flow | p. 200 |
V-6 Data Collection and Verification | p. 206 |
V-7 Chapter Summary | p. 207 |
Appendix AI Equations of Incompressible Fluid Flow and Their Derivations | p. 209 |
AI-1 Purpose - Providing Chapter I Details | p. 209 |
AI-2 SI and Customary U.S. Units | p. 210 |
AI-3 Pressure at a Point within a Fluid | p. 215 |
AI-4 Hydrostatic Equilibrium | p. 219 |
AI-5 Friction Losses Explained | p. 221 |
AI-6 Force-Momentum Considerations for Variable Mass Systems | p. 224 |
AI-7 Derivation of the Darcy Equation | p. 229 |
AI-8 Derivation of the Bernoulli Equation Including Irreversibilities | p. 236 |
AI-9 Laminar Flow and the Hagen-Poiseuille Equation | p. 245 |
AI-10 Summary of Appendix AI | p. 252 |
Appendix AII Losses in Incompressible Fluid Flow | p. 253 |
AII-1 Purpose - Providing Chapter II Details | p. 253 |
AII-2 Relation of Valve Coefficient, C[subscript V], to Loss Coefficient, K | p. 254 |
AII-3 Relationship between Energy per Unit, Mass Units, Head Units and Pressure Units | p. 256 |
AII-4 Churchill-Usagi Friction Factor Equations | p. 257 |
AII-5 Pressure Drop versus "Friction Losses" | p. 259 |
AII-6 K Factors - Loss Coefficients | p. 260 |
AII-7 Summary of Appendix AII | p. 270 |
Appendix AIII Computations Involving Pumps for Liquids | p. 273 |
AIII-1 Purpose - Providing Chapter III Details | p. 273 |
AIII-2 Theory of Centrifugal Pumps | p. 273 |
AIII-3 Performance of Real Centrifugal Pumps | p. 284 |
AIII-4 Real Centrifugal Pumps - Suction Lift, Cavitation and NPSH | p. 294 |
AIII-5 Positive Displacement Pumps | p. 298 |
AIII-6 Theory and Analysis of Jet Pumps | p. 299 |
AIII-7 Worked Problems | p. 312 |
AIII-8 Summary of Appendix AIII | p. 318 |
Appendix AIV Equations of Compressible Flow, Derivations and Applications | p. 319 |
AIV-1 Purpose - Providing Chapter IV Equation Details | p. 319 |
AIV-2 Using Thermodynamic Variables - in Particular, Enthalpy | p. 320 |
AIV-3 Adiabatic and Irreversible Flow in Uniform Conduits - Basic Equations | p. 321 |
AIV-4 The Peter Paige Equation, Choked Flow | p. 323 |
AIV-5 Choked Flow Using the Ideal Gas Equation | p. 329 |
AIV-6 Adiabatic Choked Flow; P, v, T Relationships Using the Redlich-Kwong Equation | p. 350 |
AIV-7 Summary of Appendix AIV | p. 362 |
Appendix AV Compressible Fluid Flow - Complex Systems | p. 363 |
AV-1 Scope - Estimating Complicated Pressure Drops and Flows | p. 363 |
AV-2 Describing the Piping Network | p. 363 |
AV-3 Describing the Flow Regime | p. 368 |
AV-4 Component Input Data, Eleven Sources | p. 369 |
AV-5 Plan of Attack | p. 370 |
AV-6 Irreversibilities Due to Form (and Mixing) Effects | p. 371 |
AV-7 Manifold Flow | p. 374 |
AV-8 Viscosity Considerations | p. 376 |
AV-9 Simulation Results (Analytic Method) | p. 388 |
AV-10 Summary of Appendix AV | p. 390 |
Appendix B Endnotes | p. 391 |
Appendix C Table of Principle Symbols and Glossary of Principal Terms and Units | p. 395 |
Appendix D Table of Caveats | p. 399 |
Appendix E Selected Bibliography | p. 401 |
Index | p. 403 |