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Summary
Summary
This book brings together numerous contributions to the field of magnetoelectric (ME) composites that have been reported since the beginning of the new millennium. It presents assimilation of facts into the established knowledge, so that the potential of the field can be made transparent to the new generations of talent to advance the subject matter. This book discusses these bulk and nanostructured magnetoelectric composites from both experimental and theoretical perspectives. From application viewpoint, microwave devices, sensors, transducers, and heterogeneous read/write devices are among the suggested technical implementations of magnetoelectric composites.
Author Notes
Mirza I. Bichurin is a professor in and head of the Department of Design and Technology of Radioelectronic Equipment at Novgorod State University. A world-renowned and multiple-award-winning expert at magnetic and electric properties of composites, multilayer and bulk magnetoelectric structures, and radio- and microwave electronics, Prof. Bichurin has to his credit more than 150 articles published in international refereed journals, 15 patents, and 5 books.
Dwight Viehland is a professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Virginia Tech University. He is an experimental solid state scientist in the structure and properties of condensed matter and thin layers. His research focuses on sensor materials including magnetoelectricity, piezoelectricity, and magnetostriction. Prof. Viehland has published over 360 refereed journal articles, together with over 9000 citations, and received many awards and honours for his work.
Table of Contents
Preface | p. ix |
1 Magnetoelectric Interaction in Magnetically Ordered Materials (Review) | p. 1 |
1.1 Properties of Composites | p. 6 |
1.2 ME Composites | p. 7 |
1.3 Estimations of Composite ME Parameters | p. 10 |
1.4 Conclusions | p. 15 |
2 Effective Medium Approach: Low-Frequency Range | p. 25 |
2.1 Multilayer Composites | p. 26 |
2.1.1 Model and Basic Equations | p. 26 |
2.1.2 ME Effect in Free Samples | p. 29 |
2.1.2.1 Longitudinal ME effect | p. 29 |
2.1.2.2 Transverse ME effect | p. 32 |
2.1.2.3 In-plane longitudinal ME effect | p. 33 |
2.1.3 ME Effect in Clamped Samples | p. 35 |
2.1.3.1 Longitudinal ME effect | p. 35 |
2.1.3.2 Transverse ME effect | p. 36 |
2.1.3.3 In-plane longitudinal ME effect | p. 36 |
2.1.4 Examples of Multilayer Structures | p. 37 |
2.1.5 Experimental Data | p. 47 |
2.2 Bulk Composites | p. 54 |
2.2.1 Connectivities 0-3 and 3-0 | p. 57 |
2.2.1.1 Bulk composite with connectivities 0-3 | p. 57 |
2.2.1.2 Composite with connectivity 0-3 | p. 70 |
2.2.1.3 ME effect in clamped samples | p. 71 |
2.2.2 Experimental Data | p. 72 |
2.3 Maxwell-Wagner Relaxation in ME Composites | p. 73 |
2.3.1 Layered Composites | p. 74 |
2.3.2 Bulk Composites | p. 81 |
2.4 Conclusions | p. 86 |
3 Magnetoelectric Effect in the Electromechanical Resonance Range | p. 91 |
3.1 Narrow Composite Plate | p. 92 |
3.2 Disc-Shaped Bilayer | p. 97 |
3.2.1 Longitidinal Orientation of Electric and Magnetic Fields | p. 99 |
3.2.2 Transverse Orientation of Electric and Magnetic Fields | p. 100 |
3.3 Conclusions | p. 103 |
4 Magnetoelectric Effect and Green's Function Method | p. 105 |
4.1 Bulk Ceramic Composites | p. 107 |
4.1.1 Green's Function Technique | p. 107 |
4.1.2 Some Approximations | p. 110 |
4.1.3 Some Results | p. 113 |
4.2 Two-Phase Composites of Alloys and Piezoelectric Materials | p. 116 |
4.3 Three-Phase Composites | p. 122 |
4.4 Nanostructured Composite Thin Films | p. 126 |
4.5 Conclusions | p. 129 |
5 Equivalent Circuit Method and Magnetoelectric Low-Frequency Devices | p. 133 |
5.1 Equivalent Circuit Method: Theory | p. 134 |
5.1.1 Three-Layer L-T and L-L Longitudinal Vibration Modes | p. 134 |
5.1.2 ME Voltage Coefficients at Low Frequency [9,14,17,18] | p. 137 |
5.1.3 ME Coefficients at Resonance Frequency [14,18] | p. 138 |
5.1.4 Two-Layer L-T Bending Mode [42] | p. 139 |
5.1.5 Three-Layer C-C Radial Vibration Mode | p. 140 |
5.1.6 Analysis on ME Voltage Gain [14, 45,46] | p. 144 |
5.1.6.1 Effective ME coupling factor | p. 148 |
5.1.6.2 Maximum efficiency | p. 149 |
5.1.6.3 Analysis on ME gyration | p. 149 |
5.2 Experiments | p. 154 |
5.2.1 T-T Terfenol-D/PZT Laminate | p. 156 |
5.2.2 L-T Terfenol-D/PZT and PMN-PT Laminates | p. 157 |
5.2.3 L-L and Push-Pull Terfenol-D/PZT and PMN-PT Laminates | p. 158 |
5.2.4 L-T Bending Mode of Terfenol-D/PZT Laminates [28-30] | p. 160 |
5.2.5 C-C Terfenol-D/PZT and PZN-PT Laminates [35-37] | p. 161 |
5.2.6 ME Laminates Based on Non-Terfenol-D Materials | p. 162 |
5.2.7 Three-Phase High-¿ Ferrite/Terefenol-D/PZT Composites [41, 42] | p. 163 |
5.3 ME Low-Frequency Devices | p. 164 |
5.3.1 AC Magnetic Field Sensors | p. 165 |
5.3.1.1 Extremely low-frequency magnetic field sensors [33, 34] | p. 165 |
5.3.1.2 DC magnetic field sensors [21, 43] | p. 166 |
5.3.2 ME Current Sensors | p. 167 |
5.3.3 ME Transformers and Gyrators | p. 168 |
5.4 Future Directions | p. 170 |
5.4.1 Terfenol-D-Based Composites | p. 170 |
5.4.2 Metglas/PZT Fiber (2-1) Composites | p. 171 |
5.5 Conclusions | p. 173 |
6 Ferrite-Piezoelectric Composites at Ferromagnetic Resonance Range and Magnetoelectric Microwave Devices | p. 179 |
6.1 Bilayer Structure | p. 180 |
6.2 Basic Theory: Macroscopic Homogeneous Model | p. 185 |
6.2.1 Uniaxial Structure | p. 188 |
6.3 Layered Composite with Single Crystal Components | p. 194 |
6.4 Resonance Line Shift by Electric Signal with Electromechanical Resonance Frequency | p. 199 |
6.5 ME Effect at Magnetoacoustic Resonance Range | p. 200 |
6.6 Microwave and MM-Wave ME Interactions and Devices | p. 205 |
6.6.1 Introduction | p. 205 |
6.6.2 Microwave ME Effects in Ferrite-Piezoelectrics: Theory and Experiment | p. 207 |
6.6.3 Hybrid Spin-Electromagnetic Waves in Ferrite-Dielectrics: Theory and Experiment | p. 208 |
6.6.4 Electric Field Tunable Microwave Devices: YIG-PZT and YIG-BST Resonators | p. 210 |
6.6.5 Filters | p. 211 |
6.6.6 Phase Shifters | p. 212 |
6.6.7 MM-Wave ME Effects in Bound Layered Structures | p. 214 |
6.6.8 Theory of MM-Wave ME Interactions | p. 217 |
6.6.9 Theory of MM-Wave Hybrid Modes | p. 218 |
6.7 Conclusions | p. 219 |
7 Magnetoelectric Effects in Nanocomposites | p. 227 |
7.1 Low-Frequency ME Effect in Nanobilayer on Substrate | p. 228 |
7.2 Flexural Deformation of ME Nanobilayer on Substrate | p. 232 |
7.3 Lattice Mismatch Effect | p. 233 |
7.4 ME Effect in a Nanopillar | p. 235 |
7.5 Transverse ME Effect at Longitudinal Mode of EMR in Nanobilayer on Substrate | p. 237 |
7.6 Transverse ME Effect at Bending Mode of EMR in Nanobilayer on Substrate | p. 240 |
7.7 ME Effect in Ferrite-Piezoelectric Nanobilayer at Ferromagnetic Resonance | p. 243 |
7.8 Conclusions | p. 247 |
Index | p. 251 |