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Searching... | 30000002010720 | TJ163.3 .F3 T48 1977 | Open Access Book | Book | Searching... |
Searching... | 30000002010761 | TJ163.5 .F3 T48 1977 | Open Access Book | Book | Searching... |
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Summary
Summary
The link between health and human rights has been recognised for many years, but the increasing visibility of the right to health in international law has been a distinct feature of the last decade. It has been embraced by actors within civil society, academics, health professionals, lawyers and courts in several jurisdictions as a tool to address health inequalities at the local and global level, in matters ranging from access to medicines and the availability of affordable health care to sexual and reproductive health. But it has equally been the subject of derision and scorn by human rights sceptics who have described it as lacking foundation, nebulous, and incapable of implementation. This book seeks to offer a comprehensive discussion of the status and meaning of the right to health in international law. It traces the history of this right to reveal its nexus with public health and the long-standing recognition that a State has a responsibility to attend to the healthneeds of its population. It also offers a theoretical account of its conceptual foundations which challenges the position held by many philosophers that health is undeserving of the status of a human right. By developing an interpretative methodology, the book provides a persuasive account of the meaning of the right to health and the obligations it imposes on States. This process reveals an understanding of the right to health that, while challenging, remains practical and capable of guidingStates that are genuinely committed to addressing the health needs of their population.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 The Role of the Plant Engineer in Energy Management | p. 1 |
Survey Of What Industry Is Doing | |
Results of Industrial Energy Utilization Programs | |
Organization For Energy Utilization | |
What Is An Industrial Energy Audit? | |
The Energy Utilization Program | |
Energy Accounting | |
The Language Of The Energy Manager | |
Chapter 2 Energy Economic Decision Making | p. 25 |
Life Cycle Costing | |
Using The Payback Period Method | |
Using Life Cycle Costing | |
The Time Value Of Money | |
Investment Decision-Making | |
The Job Simulation Experience | |
Making Decisions For Alternate Investments | |
Depreciation | |
Tax Reform Act | |
Computer Analysis | |
Chapter 3 The Facility Survey | p. 57 |
Comparing Catalogue Data With Actual Performance | |
Infrared Equipment | |
Measuring Electrical System Performance | |
Temperature Measurements | |
Measuring Combustion System | |
Measuring Heating | |
Ventilation And Air-Conditioning (HVAC) System Performance | |
Chapter 4 Electrical System Optimization | p. 69 |
Applying Proven Techniques To Reduce The Electrical Bill | |
Why The Plant Manager Should Understand The Electric Rate Structure | |
Electrical Rate Tariff | |
Power Basics--The Key To Electrical Energy Reduction | |
Relationships Between Power | |
Voltage | |
And Current | |
What Are The Advantages Of Power Factor Correction? | |
Efficient Motors | |
Synchronous Motors And Power Factor Correction | |
What Method Should Be Used To Improve The Plant Power Factor? | |
What Is Load Management? | |
What Have Been Some Of The Results Of Load Management? | |
Application Of Automatic Load Shedding | |
How Does Load Demand Control Work? | |
The Confusion Over Energy Management Systems | |
Lighting Basics--The Key To Reducing Lighting Wastes | |
Lighting Illumination Requirements | |
The Efficient Use of Lamps | |
Control Equipment | |
Solid State Ballasts | |
Chapter 5 Utility and Process System Optimization | p. 101 |
Basis Of Thermodynamics | |
The Carnot Cycle | |
Use Of The Specific Heat Concept | |
Practical Applications For Energy Conservation | |
Furnace Efficiency | |
Steam Tracing | |
Heat Recovery | |
The Mollier Diagram | |
Steam Generation Using Waste Heat Recovery | |
Pumps And Piping Systems | |
Distillation Columns | |
Incorporation Of Energy Utilization In Procurement Specifications | |
Chapter 6 Heat Transfer | p. 143 |
The Importance Of Understanding The Principles Of Heat Transfer | |
Three Ways Heat Is Transferred | |
How To Estimate The Heat Loss Of A Vessel Or Tank | |
How To Estimate The Heat Loss Of Piping And Flat Surfaces | |
Chapter 7 Reducing Building Energy Losses | p. 165 |
Energy Losses Due To Heat Loss And Heat Gain | |
Conductivity Through Building Materials | |
The Effect Of Sunlight | |
Window Treatments | |
Building Design Considerations | |
Chapter 8 Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning System Optimization | p. 217 |
Efficient Use Of Heating And Cooling Equipment Saves Dollars | |
Applying The Heat Pump To Save Energy | |
Efficient Applications Of Refrigeration Equipment | |
Basics Of Air Conditioning System Design For Energy Conservation | |
Applying Variable Air Volume Systems | |
Applying The Economizer Cycle | |
Applying Heat Recovery | |
Cool Storage System Performance | |
Thermal Storage Control Systems | |
The Ventilation Audit | |
Energy Analysis Utilizing Simulation Programs | |
Test And Balance Considerations | |
Chapter 9 Cogeneration: Theory and Practice | p. 251 |
Definition of "Cogeneration," | |
Components of a Cogeneration System | |
An Overview of Cogeneration Theory | |
Application of the Cogeneration Constant | |
Applicable Systems | |
Basic Thermodynamic Cycles | |
Detailed Feasibility Evaluation | |
Chapter 10 Establishing a Maintenance Program for Plant Efficiency and Energy Savings | p. 283 |
Good Maintenance Saves $ | |
What Is The Effectiveness Of Most Maintenance Programs? | |
How To Turn Around The Maintenance Program | |
Stop Leaks And Save | |
Properly Operating Steam Traps Save Energy | |
Excess Air Considerations | |
Dirt And Lamp Lumen Depreciation Can Reduce Lighting Levels By 50% | |
Summary | |
Chapter 11 Managing an Effective Energy Conservation Program | p. 297 |
Organizing For Energy Conservation | |
Top Management Commitment | |
What To Consider When Establishing Energy Conservation Objectives | |
Using The Critical Path Schedule Of Energy Conservation Activities | |
Electrical Scheduling Of Plant Activities | |
An Effective Maintenance Program | |
Continuous Conservation Monitoring | |
Are Outside Consultants And Contractors Encouraged To Save Energy By Design? | |
Encouraging The Creative Process | |
Energy Emergency And Contingency Planning | |
Chapter 12 Industrial Power Monitoring and Control | p. 309 |
Evolution of Power Monitoring and Control Systems | |
First Generation PC Based Systems | |
Second Generation Systems | |
Commercial Technology Today | |
Systems Architecture | |
Survey of PMandC Systems | |
Vendor Selection | |
Chapter 13 Reliable and Economic Natural Gas Distributed Generation Technologies | p. 331 |
Elements of DG | |
Technologies | |
Market Potential | |
Chapter 14 Financing Energy Efficiency Projects | p. 347 |
Financing Alternatives | |
General Obligation Bond | |
Municipal Lease | |
Commercial Loan | |
Taxable Lease | |
Chapter 15 Steam System Optimization: A Case Study | p. 365 |
Savings Opportunities | |
Chapter 16 Cost Containment Design for Commercial Geothermal Heat Pumps | p. 385 |
Why GHPs? Why Now? | |
Design Methods to Realize Advantages | |
Software | |
Challenges in the US Market | |
Chapter 17 Fundamentals of Energy Outsourcing | p. 399 |
What is Outsourcing? | |
Energy Outsourcing | |
Planning Steps | |
What to Outsource | |
Barriers to the Success of Outsourcing | |
Characteristics of an Energy Management Firm | |
Chapter 18 Economic Evaluations for Power Quality Solutions | p. 407 |
The Principle Investigation | |
Determining the Phenomenon | |
Choosing the Right Equipment | |
Economic Analysis | |
Graphical Analysis | |
A More Direct Approach | |
Chapter 19 Purchasing Strategies for Electricity | p. 421 |
ATandT vs. MCI: A Paradigm | |
Factors Impacting Power Prices | |
Three General Relationships | |
Who Offers These Options? | |
The College of Power Knowledge | |
Chapter 20 Power Quality Case Studies | p. 433 |
Case Study 1 | |
Case Study 2 | |
Index | p. 443 |