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Searching... | 30000010297592 | BP187.3 M36 2011 | Open Access Book | Book | Searching... |
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Summary
Summary
The hajj , the fifth pillar of Islam, is a religious duty to be performed once in a lifetime by all Muslims who are able. The Prophet Muhammad set out the rituals of hajj when he led what became known as the Farewell Hajj in 10 AH (632 AD). This set the seal on Muhammad's career as the founder of a religion and the leader of a political entity based on that religion.
The convergence of the Prophet with the politician infuses the hajj with political, as well as religious, significance. For the caliphs who led the Islamic community after Muhammad's death, leadership of the hajj became a position of enormous political relevance as it presented them with an unrivaled opportunity to proclaim their pious credentials and reinforce their political legitimacy. This unique study analyzes information provided by contemporary sources about the leadership of the Hajj in Islam's formative period, between the seventh and tenth centuries, and assesses the pilgrimage from a political perspective.
A unique study because it collects and analyzes information provided by contemporary sources about the leadership of the Hajj in Islam's formative period, between the seventh and tenth centuries, and uses it to assess the pilgrimage from a political perspective.
Published in advance of a major British Museum exhibition, The Hajj: Journey to the Heart of Islam , opening in London in January 2012.
M.E. McMillan earned a PhD in Islamic history at the University of St Andrews, and has worked for the UN Security Council as a translator. The author lives in Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Author Notes
M.E. McMillan: M.E. McMillan earned a PhD in Islamic History at the University of St Andrews, and has worked for the UN Security Council as a translator.
Table of Contents
| Acknowledgements | p. 15 |
| Introduction: The Politics of Pilgrimage | p. 15 |
| 1 The Prophet's Precedent: The Farewell Hajj of 10/632 | |
| The Prophet and The Pilgrimage | p. 19 |
| The Rituals of the Hajj | p. 21 |
| The Meaning of Mecca for the Muslim Community | p. 25 |
| 2 Following in the Prophet's Footsteps: The Era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs | |
| Table 1 | p. 29 |
| Abu Bakr: Leadership of the Hajj and the Nature of Authority in Islam | p. 32 |
| 'Umar and 'Uthman: The Hajj as a Channel of Communication | p. 35 |
| 'Ali b. Abi Talib: All Roads Do Not Lead to Mecca | p. 39 |
| The Hajj as a Platform for Rebellion | p. 41 |
| Conspicuous by Their Absence: Who Did Not Lead the Hajj | p. 43 |
| 3 Mu'awiyah B. Abi Sufyan: A New Regime and a New Hajj Policy | |
| Table 2 | p. 45 |
| Mu'awiyah and Leadership of the Hajj | p. 47 |
| Political Choreography: The Hajj of the Caliph's Successor Son | p. 51 |
| The Ruling Family and Leadership of the Hajj | p. 54 |
| Leading the Hajj by Proxy: The Governorship of Medina and the Politics of Martyrdom | p. 56 |
| Conspicuous by Their Absence: Who Did Not Lead the Hajj | p. 60 |
| 4 The Caliphate in Transition: The Hajj as a Barometer of Political Change | |
| Table 3 | p. 63 |
| Yazld and Leadership of the Hajj: | |
| The Haram as an Ideological Battleground | p. 65 |
| Ibn al-Zubayr: Rebel or Ruler? | p. 70 |
| Alternative Uses of the Hajj: The Haram as the Centre of an Information Network | p. 73 |
| The Hajj of 68 AH: A Platform for Rebellion | p. 75 |
| 5 The Return of the Umayyads and the Reintroduction of the Sufyanid Hajj Policy | |
| Table 4 | p. 77 |
| A Tale of Two Holy Cities: Mecca, Jerusalem and the Hajj | p. 79 |
| The Hajj of 72 AH: A Barometer of Political Change | p. 81 |
| Restoring Precedent: The Caliphs Victory Hajj of 75 AH | p. 84 |
| The Issue of Succession: The Hajj Seasons of 78 AH and 81 AH | p. 86 |
| The Governors of Medina and Leadership of the Hajj: The Sufyanid Model Revisited | p. 89 |
| 6 A House Dividing: The Successor Sons of 'abd Al-Malik: Al-Walid and Sulayman | |
| Table 5 | p. 95 |
| Power and Patronage: The Caliphal Hajj of 91 AH | p. 97 |
| Following in His Predecessors' Footsteps: Al-Walid's Succession Policy and Leadership of the Hajj | p. 100 |
| Following in His Predecessors' Footsteps II: Al-Walid's Governors of Medina and Leadership of the Hajj | p. 102 |
| The Caliphal Pilgrimage of 97 AH: Hajj and Jihad in the Same Year | p. 106 |
| The Politics of Protest: Sulayman's Governors of the Holy Cities and Leadership of the Hajj | p. 110 |
| 7 'Umar II and Yazid II: A Different Approach to the Hajj | |
| Table 6 | p. 115 |
| 'Umar II: A Hajj Policy Based in the Hijaz | p. 116 |
| Yazid II: Another/Z/j// Policy Based in the Hijaz | p. 119 |
| 'Umar II, Yazid II and Leadership of the Hajj: Some Unanswered Questions | p. 123 |
| 8 The Last of a Line: Hisham B. Abd Al-Malik | |
| Table 7 | p. 127 |
| Restoring Precedent: The Caliphal Hajj of 106 AH | p. 130 |
| The Hajj of the Heir Apparent in 116 AH | p. 134 |
| The Hajj of the Would-Be Heir Apparent in 119 AH | p. 136 |
| Keeping it in the Family: Hisham's Governors of the Holy Cities and Leadership of the Hajj | p. 139 |
| All Roads Lead to Mecca: The Hajj as a Platform for Rebellion | p. 141 |
| 9 The Third and Final Generation: Al-Walid II to Marwan II | |
| Table 8 | p. 143 |
| The Hajj of 115 AH: The Politics of Reprisal Revisited | p. 14s |
| The Hajj of 126 AH: The Search for Umayyad Unity | p. 149 |
| The Ongoing Search for Umayyad Unity: The Hajj Seasons of 117 AH and 118 AH | p. 153 |
| The Hajj Seasons 119 AH to 131 AH: Power Slips Away | p. 155 |
| 10 Summary: The Meaning of Mecca | |
| Power and Patronage at the Pilgrimage | p. 161 |
| Governing Islam's First Cities and Leadership of the Hajj | p. 161 |
| The Politics of Protest: Alternative Uses of the Hajj | p. 164 |
| The Politics of Pilgrimage | p. 165 |
| Appendix A The Sources and Their Challenges | p. 167 |
| Appendix B Further Reading on the Hajj and the Umayyads | p. 177 |
| Bibliography | p. 183 |
| Index | p. 191 |
