Chemicals in the environment : assessing and managing risk

Title:

Series:

Issues in environmental science and technology ; 22

Publication Information:

Cambridge : RSC Pub., 2006

ISBN:

9780854042067

Subject Term:

Pollution -- Environmental aspects

Ecological risk assessment

Added Author:

Hester, R. E., (Ronald E.)

Harrison, Roy M., 1948-

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010127401	TD196.C45 C434 2006	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

Rising concern in recent years over the possible adverse environmental consequences of the use of chemicals has led to a steady increase in national activity towards greater regulation, as well as voluntary agreements with manufacturers for risk management of certain products. This book begins by reviewing the current framework of legislation for the regulation of chemicals in the UK and then reports expert views on both the current situation and possible future developments. Subsequent chapters consider some of the scientific and technical issues, including the evaluation of the risks which chemicals can pose to human life and the environment, and the problems relating to evaluating the risks associated with metals in the environment. Finally, the predictive methods used to model the behaviour of organic chemicals within the environment are described. Highly topical, and with authoritative contributions from international experts, this book covers both the scientific underpinning and the legislative and practical issues of this emotive subject. The detailed coverage of a topic that affects many sectors of industry and society will make it popular with a wide audience of individuals from government organisations, industry or academic research, particularly those in environmental chemistry sectors.

Author Notes

Ronald E Hester is at the University of York, UK Roy M Harrison OBE is at the University of Birmingham, UK

John GarrodElliot G. FinerPeter FloydPaul T.C. Harrison and Philip HolmesLorraine MaltbyPeter G.C. Campbell and Peter M. Chapman and Beverley A. HaleDonald Mackay and Eva Webster and Todd Gouin

The Current Regulation of Environmental Chemicals	p. 1
1 Introduction	p. 1
2 Protection of the Water Environment	p. 2
3 Classification and Labelling of Chemicals	p. 6
4 The Notification of New Substances Regulations	p. 7
5 Existing Substances Regulations	p. 8
6 New European Chemicals Policy (REACH)	p. 10
7 Other European and UK Regulations on Chemicals	p. 11
8 International Activities on Chemicals	p. 13
9 Voluntary Approaches to Control of Chemicals in the Environment	p. 15
References	p. 18
Chemicals Risk Assessment and Management	p. 21
1 Introduction	p. 21
2 Types of Risk	p. 24
3 Risks and Hazards	p. 26
4 The Evidence for Harm Caused by Industrial Chemicals	p. 29
5 Cost-Benefit	p. 34
6 Perception of Chemical Risks and The Roles of the Advocates	p. 36
7 The Problems in Controlling Risks from Chemicals	p. 38
8 Industry Initiatives	p. 39
9 Reach	p. 40
10 Conclusions	p. 42
References	p. 43
Future Perspectives in Risk Assessment of Chemicals	p. 45
1 Introduction	p. 45
2 Difficulties in Risk Assessment	p. 49
3 Current Developments	p. 54
4 Future Perspectives	p. 59
5 Conclusions	p. 61
References	p. 61
Assessing Risks to Human Health	p. 65
1 Introduction	p. 65
2 Chemical Hazard Assessment	p. 66
3 Assessing Risk	p. 67
4 Qualitative vs. Quantitative Risk Assessment	p. 68
5 Role of Epidemiology	p. 70
6 Use of Biomarkers for Exposure and Risk Assessment	p. 72
7 Applications of Molecular Biology	p. 73
8 Uncertainties in Human Health Risk Assessment and the Role of Expert Committees	p. 75
9 The Changing Face of Chemical Regulation in Europe	p. 77
10 Future Perspectives	p. 80
References	p. 80
Environmental Risk Assessment	p. 84
1 What is Environmental Risk Assessment?	p. 84
2 What are We Trying to Protect?	p. 89
3 What is the EU Legislative Framework?	p. 93
4 What are Some of the Challenges Associated with the Environmental Risk Assessment of Chemicals?	p. 96
References	p. 99
Risk Assessment of Metals in the Environment	p. 102
1 Introduction	p. 102
2 Ecological Risk Assessment	p. 103
3 Comparison of Inorganic and Organic Contaminants	p. 104
4 Problems with the Application of Traditional ERA Approaches to Metals	p. 107
5 Conclusions	p. 123
Acknowledgements	p. 126
References	p. 126
Partitioning, Persistence and Long-Range Transport of Chemicals in the Environment	p. 132
1 Introduction	p. 132
2 Partitioning	p. 134
3 Persistence	p. 142
4 Long-Range Transport	p. 148
5 Conclusions	p. 150
Acknowledgements	p. 150
References	p. 150
Subject Index	p. 154

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Table of Contents