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Cover image for Cardiac mechanotransduction
Title:
Cardiac mechanotransduction
Series:
Medical intelligence unit
Publication Information:
Austin, TX : Landes Bioscience/Eurekah.com, 2007
ISBN:
9780387488677

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Call Number
Material Type
Item Category 1
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30000010124832 QP113.2 C37 2007 Open Access Book Book
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Summary

Summary

For about hundred years the investigation of heart physiology has had one central guiding principle, the "law" of Frank and Starling. This connects the return of blood into the heart and the blood pressure with cardiac con­ traction force. The "law" does it in a way that enables the cardiovascular system to react to perturbations without major malfunctions. This book is a compilation of reviews of prominent scientists on this subject. The differ­ ence of the original formulation of the Frank-Starling principle is that mechanotransduction is the central theme that leads the reader through the book. Since the discovery of the "law" the scope of topics related to this subject has broadened enormously, as can be seen easily by glancing at the contents of this book. Mechanotransduction in the heart has many faces that range from molecules to humans and their diseases. We editors hope that the large amount of knowledge compressed into the book's chapters forms a balanced treatment and that the text is easily approached by all who want to know what cardiac mechanotransduction is about. Matti Weckstrom and Pasi Tavi Oulu, Finland June 16. 2006 Ackno^vledgments The editors are grateful to all authors for their magnificent contributions and for their patience during compiling this book. This work was supported by the University of Oulu, the Biocenter Oulu and the Academy of Finland.


Table of Contents

Matti Weckström and Pasi TaviClive M. BaumgartenSarah C. Calaghan and Ed WhiteMax J. LabJeffrey H. Omens and Andrew D. McCulloch and Ilka Lorenzen-SchmidtHiroshi Hasegawa and Hiroyuki Tankano and Yunzeng Zou and Hiroshi Akazawa and Issei KomuroKlaus-Dieter Schluitter and Hans Michael Piper and Sibylle WenzelPeter H. SugdenSampsa Pikkarainen and Heikkie Tokola and Heikki Ruskoaho
Prefacep. xi
1 The Mechanosensory Heart: A Multidisciplinary Approachp. 1
Introduction: Mechanosensation in the Heartp. 1
Cornucopia of Cardiac Mechanotransductionp. 4
2 Origin of Mechanotransduction: Stretch-Activated Ion Channelsp. 8
Terminologyp. 9
How Are Mechanical Forces Transmitted in the Heart?p. 10
Characteristics of Mechanosensitive Currents in Single Channel Recordingsp. 11
Characteristics of Mechanosensitive Currents in Whole-Cell Recordingsp. 15
Effects of Stretch on Cardiac Electrical Activityp. 19
Stretch-Induced Elevation of [Ca 2++ ] i and [Na 2++ ] ip. 20
3 The Role of the Sarcomere and Cytoskeleton in Cardiac Mechanotransductionp. 28
The Sarcomere and Force Developmentp. 29
The Cytoskeleton and Mechanotransductionp. 38
4 Mechanoelectric Transduction/Feedback Physiology and Pathophysiologyp. 48
Brief Historical Introductionp. 48
Prevalencep. 49
Some Pitfalls in Interpretationp. 53
Mechanisms: Mechanoelectric Transducers as the Initiating Eventp. 54
Theoretical (Abstract) Reflectionsp. 57
Pathophysiology: Clinically Related Expressionp. 61
Mechanoelectric Transduction/Feedback as a Fundamental Surrogate in Arhythmia?p. 61
5 Mechanotransduction in Cardiac Remodeling and Heart Failurep. 78
Introduction: Cardiac Remodeling and Failure Are Dependent on Mechanical Forcesp. 78
Myocyte Response to External Loadsp. 79
Mechanotransductionp. 81
The Cytoskeleton and Its Role in Load Transductionp. 82
LIM Protein Deficiencies Lead to Cardiomyopathiesp. 83
6 Second Messenger Systems Involved in Heart Mechanotranductionp. 93
Neurohumoral Factors Mediate Mechanical Stress-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophyp. 94
The Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) Kinase Pathwayp. 96
The JAK/STAT Pathwayp. 96
ECM-Integrin Pathwayp. 97
Ca2+ Regulates the Development of Cardiac Hypertrophyp. 97
7 The Role of Adrenoceptors in Mechanotransductionp. 106
Adrenoceptors in the Heartp. 107
The Role of ¿1-Adrenoceptors in Pressure Induced Hypertrophyp. 107
¿1-Adrenoceptors and Their Involvement in Pressure Induced Hypertrophyp. 108
The Signalling of ¿1-Adrenoceptors in Pressure Induced Hypertrophyp. 109
The Role of ¿2-Adrenoceptors in Pressure Induced Hypertrophyp. 111
The Role of ß1-Adrenoceptors in Pressure Induced Hypertrophyp. 111
The Role of ß2-Adrenoceptors in Pressure Induced Hypertrophyp. 113
8 Intracellular Signaling Through Protein Kinases in Cardiac Mechanotransductionp. 120
'Extrinsic' and 'Intrinsic' Mechanotransductionp. 121
Endpoints of Myocyte and Myocardial Hypertrophyp. 121
Signaling in Mechanotransduction and Hypertrophy: Protein Kinase Cp. 122
Signaling in Mechanotransduction and Hypertrophy: The Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases 1/2 Cascadep. 124
Signaling in Mechanotransduction and Hypertrophy: The Strees-Activated Protein Kinasesp. 126
'Focal Adhesion'-Associated Signaling: Basic Informationp. 127
Signaling in Mechanotransduction and Hypertrophy: Focal Adhesion-Based Signalingp. 128
Signaling in Mechanotransduction and Hypertrophy: Other Protein Kinases (and Phosphatases)p. 128
9 Mechanotransduction of the Endocrine Heart Paracrine and Intracellular Regulation of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Synthesisp. 134
Natriuretic Peptide Familyp. 134
Activation of BNP Synthesis by Mechanical Loadp. 135
Local Paracrine and Autocrine Factors and BNP Synthesis during Mechanical Loadp. 136
Cytosolic Mechanotransduction on BNP Genep. 137
Nuclear Mechanotransduction on BNP Genep. 139
Indexp. 145
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