Measurement of mobile antenna systems

Title:

Personal Author:

Arai, Hiroyuki

Series:

Artech House antennas and propagation library

Publication Information:

Boston, MA : Artech House, 2001

ISBN:

9781580530651

Subject Term:

Mobile communication systems

Antennas (Electronics) -- Measurement

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000004886887	TK6570.M6 A68 2001	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

This work offers a comprehensive understanding of all the mandatory measurement techniques needed for projects. It provides practical guidance on the selection of measurement sites, the measurement of system building and setup, and the analysis of measured data. In-depth examinations of all relevant mobile antenna measurement theories are presented, along with practical measurement procedures and examples.

Author Notes

Hiroyuki Arai holds a B.E. in Electrical and Electronic Engineering and a M.E. and D.E. in Physical Electronics from Tokyo Institute of Technology.

Arai is an Associate Professor in the Division of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Yokohama National University. He was honored with the ÂMeritorious Award on RadioÂ in 1997.

050

Preface	p. xiii
1 Propagation Measurements	p. 1
1.1 Overview of Propagation Measurements	p. 1
1.2 Field Profile Measurements	p. 3
1.2.1 Site Selection	p. 3
1.2.2 Attenuation Coefficient Measurements	p. 4
1.2.3 Fading Structure	p. 6
1.2.4 Cumulative Probability	p. 9
1.2.5 Cross-Polarization	p. 10
1.3 Diversity Measurements	p. 11
1.3.1 Diversity Schemes	p. 13
1.3.2 Correlation Histogram and Coefficient	p. 14
1.3.3 Diversity Gain	p. 15
1.4 Delay Profile Measurements	p. 17
1.4.1 Delay Profile and Delay Spread	p. 17
1.5 Propagation Measurement System	p. 19
1.5.1 Measurement Systems	p. 19
1.5.2 Calibration	p. 23
1.5.3 Antenna Switching Measurement System	p. 25
1.5.4 Antenna Switching Rate	p. 26
References	p. 29
2 Antenna Measurements for Radio Handsets and Mobile Terminals	p. 31
2.1 Antenna Input Port Impedance Measurements	p. 32
2.1.1 Reflection Coefficient	p. 32
2.1.2 Voltage Standing-Wave Ratio, S Parameters, and the Smith Chart	p. 33
2.1.3 Balanced and Unbalanced Feeder Systems	p. 38
2.1.4 Effect of Finite Size Ground Plane	p. 41
2.2 Radiation Pattern Measurements	p. 43
2.2.1 Definition of Far Field	p. 43
2.2.2 Measurement System Setup	p. 46
2.2.3 Far-Field Measurements	p. 49
2.3 Radiation Efficiency Measurements	p. 55
2.3.1 Definition of Radiation Efficiency	p. 55
2.3.2 Wheeler Cap Method	p. 55
2.3.3 Pattern Integration Method	p. 56
2.3.4 Relative Gain Measurement (Random Field Measurement) Method	p. 57
2.4 Diversity Characteristics Measurements Using Radiation Patterns	p. 58
2.4.1 Definition of Correlation Coefficient Using a Complex Pattern	p. 58
2.4.2 Diversity Measurement Procedure	p. 61
2.5 EMC Measurements	p. 62
2.5.1 Electromagnetic Interference Measurement	p. 62
2.5.2 Reverberating Enclosure Measurement	p. 65
2.5.3 Random Field Measurement	p. 66
2.6 Product Testing	p. 68
2.6.1 Electrical Testing at the Development Stage	p. 69
2.6.2 Electrical Tests in the Mass Production Process	p. 70
2.6.3 Mechanical Testing in the Development Phase	p. 70
References	p. 72
3 Handset Antennas and Influences Due to the Human Body	p. 75
3.1 Human Body Influences on the Handset Antenna	p. 75
3.1.1 Relationship Between Antenna Type and Casing Size	p. 76
3.1.2 Relationship Between Average Antenna Gain and Casing Size	p. 77
3.1.3 Current Flow Measurements of the Handset Casing	p. 82
3.2 The Phantom: An Electrical Equivalent Model of the Human Body	p. 83
3.2.1 Phantoms Used in Numerical Simulations	p. 85
3.2.2 Calculation Methods for Phantom and Handset Antenna Models	p. 86
3.2.3 Phantoms for Use in Experimental Measurements	p. 88
3.3 Antenna Measurements Using a Phantom	p. 92
3.3.1 Measurements of Antenna Characteristics	p. 93
3.3.2 Measurement Examples Using a Sphere-Shaped Wet Phantom	p. 94
3.3.3 Measurement Examples Using an Upper Body Model Dry Phantom	p. 97
3.4 SAR Measurement Using a Phantom	p. 99
3.4.1 Standard Value of SAR	p. 101
3.4.2 Definition of SAR and the Measuring Method	p. 102
3.5 Measurements Using a Human Body	p. 103
3.5.1 Effect of the Operator's Hand	p. 104
3.5.2 Loss in Antenna Gain Due to the Human Body	p. 105
3.5.3 Random Field Measurements of Antenna Gain	p. 105
3.5.4 Gain Measurements on a Handset Antenna Using the Random Field Measurement Method	p. 107
References	p. 109
4 Base Station Antenna Siting, Measurement, and Maintenance	p. 111
4.1 Base Station Antenna Siting	p. 111
4.1.1 Design of Macrocell Siting Using the Okumura-Hata Curve	p. 112
4.1.2 Breakpoint of a Microcell	p. 116
4.1.3 Propagation Loss Outside the Line of Sight	p. 120
4.1.4 Propagation Loss Estimation by the Ray-Tracing Method	p. 122
4.2 Design of Cellular Base Station Antennas	p. 123
4.2.1 Antenna Array Structure and Feeding Circuit	p. 123
4.2.2 Beam Tilting and Propagation Characteristics	p. 125
4.2.3 Sector Antennas	p. 130
4.2.4 Diversity Antennas	p. 130
4.3 Base Station Antenna Measurements	p. 133
4.3.1 Antenna Pattern Measurements in Open Sites	p. 133
4.3.2 Near-Field Antenna Pattern Measurement	p. 135
4.3.3 High-Power and Passive Intermodulation Tests	p. 141
4.4 Product Inspection	p. 146
4.4.1 Radiation Patterns	p. 146
4.4.2 Antenna Input-Port Characteristics	p. 147
4.4.3 Feed Circuit	p. 148
4.4.4 Appearance and Weight	p. 149
4.4.5 Reliability Examination	p. 150
References	p. 153
5 Fading and Field Simulators	p. 155
5.1 Fading Simulators	p. 156
5.1.1 Theory of Fading Simulators	p. 156
5.1.2 Fading Simulator for Correlated Signal Outputs	p. 158
5.1.3 Delay Spread Simulation	p. 159
5.1.4 Bit Error Ratio Measurement Using a Fading Simulator	p. 161
5.2 Field Simulators	p. 162
5.2.1 Theory of Field Simulators	p. 163
5.2.2 Fundamentals of Field Simulators	p. 164
5.2.3 Hardware Components for Field Simulators	p. 167
5.3 Sensitivity Measurement Using a Field Simulator	p. 183
5.3.1 Construction of a Field Simulator	p. 186
5.3.2 Test for the Number of Successful Connections	p. 188
5.3.3 Diversity Performance Measurements	p. 190
5.4 Delay Spread Measurement Using a Field Simulator	p. 191
5.4.1 Delay Profile Model	p. 195
5.4.2 Reproduction of the Delay Profile Using a Field Simulator	p. 197
References	p. 199
Appendix A Conversion of dBuV to dBm	p. 201
Appendix B The Fast Fourier Transform	p. 203
About the Author	p. 205
Index	p. 207

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