Solid state physics : an introduction

Title:

Personal Author:

Hofmann, Philip

Series:

Physics textbook

Publication Information:

Weinheim : Wiley-VCH, 2008

Physical Description:

ix, 224 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.

ISBN:

9783527408610

Subject Term:

Solid-state physics

Solid state physics -- Problems, exercises, etc.

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010201367	QC176 H63 2008	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

Filling a gap in the literature for a brief course in solid state physics, this is a clear and concise introduction that not only describes all the basic phenomena and concepts, but also discusses such advanced issues as magnetism and superconductivity. This textbook
assumes only basic mathematical knowledge on the part of the reader and includes more than 100 discussion questions and some 70 problems, with solutions as well as further supplementary material available free to lecturers from the Wiley-VCH website.

Author Notes

Philip Hofmann studied physics at the Free University, Berlin and did his PhD research at the Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max Planck Society, also in Berlin. He stayed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA, as a Feodor Lynen Fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. In 1998, he moved to the University of Aarhus, Denmark, where he is associated with the Synchrotron Radiation Source and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO). His research is primarily focused on the electronic structure of solids and their surfaces.

Preface	p. IX
1 Chemical Bonding in Solids	p. 1
1.1 Attractive and Repulsive Forces	p. 1
1.2 Ionic Bonding	p. 2
1.3 Covalent Bonding	p. 3
1.4 Metallic Bonding	p. 5
1.5 Hydrogen Bonding	p. 6
1.6 van der Waals Bonding	p. 6
1.7 Discussion and Problems	p. 7
2 Crystal Structures	p. 9
2.1 General Description of Crystal Structures	p. 9
2.2 Some Important Crystal Structures	p. 11
2.2.1 Cubic Structures	p. 11
2.2.2 Close-Packed Structures	p. 13
2.2.3 Covalent Structures	p. 14
2.3 Crystal Structure Determination	p. 15
2.3.1 X-Ray Diffraction	p. 15
2.3.1.1 Bragg Theory	p. 15
2.3.1.2 Lattice Planes and Miller Indices	p. 16
2.3.1.3 General Diffraction Theory	p. 17
2.3.1.4 The Reciprocal Lattice	p. 19
2.3.1.5 The Meaning of the Reciprocal Lattice	p. 20
2.3.1.6 X-Ray Diffraction from Periodic Structures	p. 22
2.3.1.7 The Ewald Construction	p. 22
2.3.1.8 Relation Between Bragg and Laue Theory	p. 23
2.3.2 Other Methods	p. 24
2.3.3 Inelastic Scattering	p. 24
2.4 Discussion and Problems	p. 24
3 Mechanical Properties	p. 29
3.1 Elastic Deformation	p. 31
3.1.1 Macroscopic Picture	p. 31
3.1.1.1 Elastic Constants	p. 31
3.1.1.2 Poisson's Ratio	p. 31
3.1.1.3 Relation Between Elastic Constants	p. 33
3.1.2 Microscopic Picture	p. 33
3.2 Plastic Deformation	p. 35
3.2.1 Estimate of the Yield Stress	p. 35
3.2.2 Point Defects and Dislocations	p. 37
3.2.3 The Role of Defects in Plastic Deformation	p. 38
3.2.4 Fracture	p. 39
3.3 Discussion and Problems	p. 40
4 Thermal Properties of the Lattice	p. 43
4.1 Lattice Vibrations	p. 43
4.1.1 A Simple Harmonic Oscillator	p. 43
4.1.2 An Infinite Chain of Atoms	p. 44
4.1.2.1 One Atom Per Unit Cell	p. 44
4.1.2.2 The First Brillouin Zone	p. 46
4.1.2.3 Two Atoms Per Unit Cell	p. 47
4.1.3 A Finite Chain of Atoms	p. 48
4.1.4 Quantized Vibrations, Phonons	p. 50
4.1.5 Three-Dimensional Solids	p. 51
4.1.5.1 Generalization to Three Dimensions	p. 51
4.1.5.2 Estimation of the Vibrational Frequencies from the Elastic Constants	p. 53
4.2 Heat Capacity of the Lattice	p. 54
4.2.1 Classical Theory and Experimental Results	p. 54
4.2.2 Einstein Model	p. 55
4.2.3 Debye Model	p. 58
4.3 Thermal Conductivity	p. 62
4.4 Thermal Expansion	p. 64
4.5 Allotropic Phase Transitions and Melting	p. 66
4.6 Discussion and Problems	p. 68
5 Electronic Properties of Metals: Classical Approach	p. 71
5.1 Basic Assumptions of the Drude Model	p. 71
5.2 Results from the Drude Model	p. 73
5.2.1 DC Electrical Conductivity	p. 73
5.2.2 Hall Effect	p. 75
5.2.3 Optical Reflectivity of Metals	p. 76
5.2.4 The Wiedemann-Franz Law	p. 79
5.3 Shortcomings of the Drude Model	p. 80
5.4 Discussion and Problems	p. 81
6 Electronic Properties of Metals: Quantum Mechanical Approach	p. 83
6.1 The Idea of Energy Bands	p. 84
6.2 Free Electron Model	p. 86
6.2.1 The Quantum Mechanical Eigenstates	p. 86
6.2.2 Electronic Heat Capacity	p. 90
6.2.3 The Wiedemann-Franz Law	p. 92
6.2.4 Screening	p. 92
6.3 The General Form of the Electronic States	p. 93
6.4 Nearly Free Electron Model	p. 96
6.5 Energy Bands in Real Solids	p. 100
6.6 Transport Properties	p. 104
6.7 Brief Review of Some Key Ideas	p. 108
6.8 Discussion and Problems	p. 109
7 Semiconductors	p. 113
7.1 Intrinsic Semiconductors	p. 114
7.1.1 Temperature Dependence of the Carrier Density	p. 116
7.2 Doped Semiconductors	p. 121
7.2.1 n and p Doping	p. 121
7.2.2 Carrier Density	p. 123
7.3 Conductivity of Semiconductors	p. 125
7.4 Semiconductor Devices	p. 126
7.4.1 The pn Junction	p. 126
7.4.2 Transistors	p. 130
7.4.3 Optoelectronic Devices	p. 132
7.5 Discussion and Problems	p. 133
8 Magnetism	p. 137
8.1 Macroscopic Description	p. 137
8.2 Magnetic Effects in Atoms	p. 139
8.3 Weak Magnetism in Solids	p. 143
8.3.1 Diamagnetism	p. 144
8.3.1.1 Diamagnetism of the Ions	p. 144
8.3.1.2 Diamagnetism of Free Electrons	p. 144
8.3.2 Paramagnetism	p. 144
8.3.2.1 Curie Paramagnetism	p. 144
8.3.2.2 Pauli Paramagnetism	p. 146
8.4 Magnetic Ordering	p. 148
8.4.1 Magnetic Ordering and the Exchange Interaction	p. 149
8.4.2 Temperature Dependence of the Ordering	p. 152
8.4.3 Ferromagnetic Domains	p. 154
8.4.4 Hysteresis	p. 154
8.5 Discussion and Problems	p. 156
9 Dielectrics	p. 161
9.1 Macroscopic Description	p. 161
9.2 Microscopic Polarization	p. 163
9.3 The Local Field	p. 165
9.4 Frequency Dependence of the Dielectric Constant	p. 166
9.5 Other Effects	p. 171
9.5.1 Impurities in Dielectrics	p. 171
9.5.2 Ferroelectricity	p. 171
9.5.3 Piezoelectricity	p. 173
9.5.4 Dielectric Breakdown	p. 174
9.6 Discussion and Problems	p. 174
10 Superconductivity	p. 177
10.1 Basic Experimental Facts	p. 178
10.1.1 Zero Resistivity	p. 178
10.1.2 The Meissner Effect	p. 181
10.1.3 The Isotope Effect	p. 183
10.2 Some Theoretical Aspects	p. 184
10.2.1 Phenomenological Theory	p. 184
10.2.2 Microscopic BCS Theory	p. 186
10.3 Experimental Detection of the Gap	p. 192
10.4 Coherence of the Superconducting State	p. 194
10.5 Type I and Type II Superconductors	p. 196
10.6 High-Temperature Superconductivity	p. 198
10.7 Concluding Remarks	p. 199
10.8 Discussion and Problems	p. 200
11 Finite Solids and Nanostructures	p. 203
11.1 Quantum Confinement	p. 204
11.2 Surfaces and Interfaces	p. 206
11.3 Magnetism on the Nanoscale	p. 208
11.4 Discussion and Problems	p. 209
Appendix	p. 211
References	p. 215
Further Reading	p. 217
Physical Constants and Energy Equivalents	p. 219
Index	p. 221

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Table of Contents