Introduction to computer numerical control (CNC)

Title:

Personal Author:

Valentino, James V.

Publication Information:

Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall, 2003

Physical Description:

1v + 1 CD-ROM

1v + 1 Diskette

ISBN:

9780130944245

General Note:

Accompanied by compact disc : CP 5752

Also available in diskette version : DSK 1955

Subject Term:

Machine-tools -- Numerical control

Added Author:

Goldenberg, Joseph

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010019240	TJ1189 V34 2003	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

Aimed at undergraduate courses, this text uses a practical step-by-step approach to develop the most fundamental concepts in CNC (computer numerical control) technology. It focuses on word address (G and M code) programming for the industry standard Fanuc controllers.

Chapter 1 Introduction to Computer Numerical Control Manufacturing	p. 1
1-1 Chapter Objectives	p. 1
1-2 Introduction	p. 1
1-3 Numerical Control Definition, Its Concepts and Advantages	p. 1
1-4 Definition of Computer Numerical Control and Its Components	p. 2
1-5 Advantages of CNC Compared with NC	p. 4
1-6 Special Requirements for Utilizing CNC	p. 4
1-7 Financial Rewards of CNC Investment	p. 5
1-8 CNC Machining Centers and Turning Centers	p. 6
1-9 Other Types of CNC Equipment	p. 8
1-10 CNC Input and Storage Media	p. 8
1-11 Chapter Summary	p. 11
Review Exercises	p. 11
Chapter 2 Modern Machine Tool Controls	p. 13
2-1 Chapter Objectives	p. 13
2-2 Introduction	p. 13
2-3 Different Types of System Control	p. 13
2-4 Loop Systems for Controlling Tool Movement	p. 16
2-5 Establishing Locations via Cartesian Coordinates	p. 18
2-6 CNC Machine Axes of Motion	p. 19
2-7 Types of Tool Positioning Modes	p. 22
2-8 Units Used for Positioning Coordinates	p. 23
2-9 Chapter Summary	p. 24
Review Exercises	p. 24
Chapter 3 Tooling for Hole and Milling Operations	p. 26
3-1 Chapter Objectives	p. 26
3-2 Introduction	p. 26
3-3 Tooling for Drilling Operations	p. 26
3-4 Carbide Insert Technology	p. 30
3-5 Tooling for Hole Operations that Follow Drilling	p. 32
3-6 Tool Speeds and Feeds for Hole Operations	p. 35
3-7 Tooling for Profile Milling and Facing Operations	p. 37
3-8 Coated Tooling	p. 41
3-9 Tool Speeds and Feeds for Milling Operations	p. 41
3-10 Feed Directions for Milling Operations	p. 43
3-11 Cutting Fluids for CNC Operations	p. 45
3-12 Chapter Summary	p. 46
Review Exercises	p. 46
Chapter 4 Exploring Features of CNC Machining Centers	p. 48
4-1 Chapter Objectives	p. 48
4-2 Introduction	p. 48
4-3 Background on CNC Machining Centers	p. 48
4-4 Tooling Systems Used with Automatic Tool Changers	p. 50
4-5 Methods of Securing Tools in Tool Holders	p. 53
4-6 Methods of Securing Tooling Systems to the CNC Spindle	p. 54
4-7 Automatic Tool Changer Systems	p. 55
4-8 Pallet Loading Systems	p. 57
4-9 Chapter Summary	p. 60
Review Exercises	p. 61
Chapter 5 Review of Basic Blueprint Reading for CNC Programmers	p. 62
5-1 Chapter Objectives	p. 62
5-2 Introduction	p. 62
5-3 Sheet Sizes	p. 62
5-4 Drawing Formats	p. 63
5-5 Interpreting Lines in Drawings	p. 69
5-6 Projection Conventions Used in Drawings	p. 73
5-7 Visualizing 3D Objects from 2D Othographic Views	p. 75
5-8 Auxiliary Views	p. 75
5-9 Sectional Views	p. 75
5-10 Reading Dimensions	p. 75
5-11 Reading Threads and Thread Notes	p. 98
5-12 Reading Surface Finish Symbols and Notes	p. 108
5-13 Reading Material Specifications	p. 109
5-14 Understanding Heat Treatment Notes	p. 122
5-15 Interpreting Surface Coating Notes	p. 124
5-16 Chapter Summary	p. 131
Review Exercises	p. 131
Bibliography	p. 132
Chapter 6 Review of Basic Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing for CNC Programmers	p. 134
6-1 Chapter Objectives	p. 134
6-2 Introduction	p. 134
6-3 GDT Terminology	p. 135
6-4 Part Form Controls	p. 137
6-5 Datums	p. 141
6-6 Part Profile Controls	p. 142
6-7 Part Location, Orientation, and Runout Controls	p. 142
6-8 Chapter Summary	p. 149
Review Exercises	p. 149
Bibliography	p. 150
Chapter 7 Mathematics for CNC Programming	p. 151
7-1 Chapter Objectives	p. 151
7-2 Introduction	p. 151
7-3 Determining Sides of Right Triangles	p. 151
7-4 Useful Angle Concepts	p. 152
7-5 Determining Angles of Right Triangles	p. 156
7-6 Oblique Triangles	p. 157
7-7 Chapter Summary	p. 158
Review Exercises	p. 158
Chapter 8 An Overview of CNC Shop Activities	p. 162
8-1 Chapter Objectives	p. 162
8-2 Introduction	p. 162
8-3 Essential CNC Shop Activities	p. 162
8-4 Part Drawing Study	p. 162
8-5 Methodizing of Operations	p. 165
8-6 Deciding on a CNC Machine	p. 165
8-7 Methods of Holding the Part During Machining	p. 166
8-8 Machining Determination	p. 167
8-9 Cutting Conditions	p. 167
8-10 Writing a Part Programming Manuscript	p. 167
8-11 Inputting Programs to the MCU	p. 167
8-12 Setup and Machining Documentation	p. 169
8-13 Setup Procedure	p. 170
8-14 Debugging and Verifying the Program	p. 172
8-15 Part Production	p. 172
8-16 Chapter Summary	p. 172
Review Exercises	p. 173
Chapter 9 Word Address Programming	p. 174
9-1 Chapter Objectives	p. 174
9-2 Introduction	p. 174
9-3 Programming Language Format	p. 174
9-4 Programming Language Terminology	p. 175
9-5 Arrangement of Addresses in a Block	p. 177
9-6 Program and Sequence Numbers (O, N Codes)	p. 177
9-7 Preparatory Functions (G Codes)	p. 178
9-8 Dimension Words (X,Y,Z ... Codes)	p. 180
9-9 Feed Rate (F Code)	p. 181
9-10 Spindle Speed (S Code)	p. 181
9-11 Miscellaneous Machine Functions (M Codes)	p. 182
9-12 Automatic Tool Changing (M06 Code)	p. 182
9-13 Tool Length Offset and Cutter Radius Compensation (H, D Codes)	p. 183
9-14 Comments	p. 183
9-15 Chapter Summary	p. 184
Review Exercises	p. 184
Chapter 10 Programming Hole Operations	p. 186
10-1 Chapter Objectives	p. 186
10-2 Introduction	p. 186
10-3 Fixed or Canned Cycles	p. 186
10-4 Hole Operation Commands	p. 187
10-5 Writing a Hole Operation Program	p. 193
10-6 Chapter Summary	p. 200
Review Exercises	p. 200
Chapter 11 Programming Linear Profiles	p. 205
11-1 Chapter Objectives	p. 205
11-2 Introduction	p. 205
11-3 Linear Interpolation Commands	p. 205
11-4 Writing a Linear Profiling Program	p. 205
11-5 Determining Cutter Offsets for Inclined Line Profiles	p. 211
11-6 Chapter Summary	p. 226
Review Exercises	p. 226
Chapter 12 Programming Circular Profiles	p. 232
12-1 Chapter Objectives	p. 232
12-2 Introduction	p. 232
12-3 Specifying the Plane for Circular Arc Interpolation	p. 232
12-4 Circular Interpolation Commands	p. 232
12-5 Circular Interpolation via Direct Radius Specification	p. 238
12-6 Profiling Arcs at Constant Feed Rate	p. 240
12-7 Determining Cutter Offsets for Line-Arc Profiles	p. 241
12-8 Chapter Summary	p. 254
Review Exercises	p. 254
Chapter 13 Programming with Cutter Diameter Compensation	p. 264
13-1 Chapter Objectives	p. 264
13-2 Introduction	p. 264
13-3 Cutter Diameter Compensation	p. 264
13-4 Advantages of Using Cutter Diameter Compensation	p. 266
13-5 Some Restrictions with Cutter Diameter Compensation	p. 266
13-6 Cutter Diameter Compensation Commands	p. 268
13-7 Cutter Diameter Compensation with Z-Axis Movement	p. 275
13-8 Cutter Diameter Compensation Interruptions	p. 275
13-9 Chapter Summary	p. 282
Review Exercises	p. 282
Chapter 14 Programming with Subprograms	p. 287
14-1 Chapter Objectives	p. 287
14-2 Introduction	p. 287
14-3 Subprogram Concept	p. 287
14-4 Fanuc Commands for Calling a Subprogram and Returning to the Main Program	p. 288
14-5 Additional Subprogram Control Features	p. 291
14-6 General Rules for Subprogramming	p. 292
14-7 Chapter Summary	p. 309
Review Exercises	p. 310
Chapter 15 Introduction to the CNC Lathe	p. 316
15-1 Chapter Objectives	p. 316
15-2 Introduction	p. 316
15-3 Components of Modern CNC Lathes	p. 316
15-4 CNC Lathe Axes of Motion	p. 319
15-5 Basic Lathe Operations	p. 320
15-6 Tooling for CNC Lathe Operations	p. 322
15-7 Tool Speeds and Feeds for Lathe Operations	p. 326
15-8 Feed Directions and Rake Angles for Lathe Operations	p. 327
15-9 Chapter Summary	p. 329
Review Exercises	p. 329
Chapter 16 Fundamental Concepts of CNC Lathe Programming	p. 331
16-1 Chapter Objectives	p. 331
16-2 Introduction	p. 331
16-3 Establishing Locations via Cartesian Coordinates (CNC Lathes)	p. 332
16-4 Types of Tool Positioning Modes (CNC Lathes)	p. 333
16-5 Reference Point, Machining Origin, and Program Origin	p. 335
16-6 Setup Procedures for CNC Lathes	p. 336
16-7 Important Preparatory Functions (G Codes) for Lathes	p. 338
16-8 Important Miscellaneous Functions (M Codes) for Lathes	p. 338
16-9 "Zero Offset" Command	p. 339
16-10 Feed Rate (F Code)	p. 339
16-11 Spindle Speed (S Code)	p. 340
16-12 Spindle Speed with Constant Surface Speed Control	p. 341
16-13 Spindle Speed with Clamp Speed and Constant Surface Speed Controls	p. 341
16-14 Automatic Tool Changing	p. 343
16-15 Linear Interpolation Commands (CNC Lathes)	p. 344
16-16 Determining Cutter Offsets for CNC Lathe Operations	p. 344
16-17 Circular Interpolation Commands (CNC Lathes)	p. 347
16-18 Grooving Commands	p. 350
16-19 Return to Reference Point Command	p. 351
16-20 Chapter Summary	p. 352
Review Exercises	p. 352
Chapter 17 Techniques and Fixed Cycles for CNC Lathe Programming	p. 357
17-1 Chapter Objectives	p. 357
17-2 Introduction	p. 357
17-3 Tool Edge Programming	p. 357
17-4 Tool Nose Radius Compensation Programming	p. 358
17-5 Setting Up Tool Nose Radius Compensation	p. 359
17-6 Some Restrictions with Tool Nose Radius Compensation	p. 361
17-7 Tool Nose Radius Compensation Commands	p. 361
17-8 Turning and Boring Cycle: G90	p. 367
17-9 Facing Cycle: G94	p. 370
17-10 Multiple Repetitive Cycles: G70 to G75	p. 372
17-11 Stock Removal in Turning and Boring Cycle: G71	p. 372
17-12 Finish Turning and Boring Cycle: G70	p. 374
17-13 Peck Drilling and Face Grooving Cycle: G74	p. 380
17-14 Peck Cutoff and Grooving Cycle: G75	p. 385
17-15 Thread Cutting on CNC Lathes and Turning Centers	p. 389
17-16 Single-Pass Threading Cycle: G32	p. 390
17-17 Multiple-Pass Threading Cycle: G92	p. 393
17-18 Multiple Repetitive Threading Cycle: G76	p. 395
17-19 Chapter Summary	p. 397
Review Exercises	p. 397
Chapter 18 Modern Computer-Aided Part Programming	p. 406
18-1 Chapter Objectives	p. 406
18-2 Introduction	p. 406
18-3 Modern Developments in the Process of CNC Programming	p. 406
18-4 Using an Off-Line Computer to Write and Store Part Programs	p. 407
18-5 An Introduction to Computer-Aided Programming Languages	p. 407
18-6 Elements of the APT Programming Language	p. 408
18-7 Writing a Complete Program in APT	p. 412
18-8 An Introduction to CAD/CAM Technology	p. 416
18-9 The Elements Comprising CAD	p. 416
18-10 The Elements Comprising CAM	p. 419
18-11 Creating a Complete Part Program Using Mastercam CNC Software	p. 422
18-12 Chapter Summary	p. 432
Review Exercises	p. 433
Chapter 19 Elements of the Computer-Controlled Factory	p. 435
19-1 Chapter Objectives	p. 435
19-2 Introduction	p. 435
19-3 Computer-Integrated Manufacturing	p. 435
19-4 Operational Strategies Within CIM	p. 437
19-5 Flexible Manufacturing Systems	p. 437
19-6 Important Elements of Flexible Manufacturing Systems	p. 439
19-7 Flexible Manufacturing Cells	p. 440
19-8 Important Elements of Flexible Manufacturing Cells	p. 440
19-9 Networking Within CIM	p. 442
19-10 Need for Training	p. 443
19-11 Chapter Summary	p. 444
Review Exercises	p. 444
Chapter 20 Verifying Part Programs	p. 445
20-1 Chapter Objectives	p. 445
20-2 Introduction	p. 445
20-3 Predator Simulation Software	p. 445
20-4 System Requirements	p. 446
20-5 Conventions Used in This Chapter	p. 446
20-6 Installation	p. 447
20-7 An Overview of Writing and Verifying Programs	p. 447
20-8 Types of Files Created by Predator	p. 449
20-9 Running an Old Simulation Job Stored on Disk	p. 450
20-10 Running an Old Simulation Job Stored on Disk	p. 462
20-11 Running an Old Simulation Job from C Drive	p. 466
20-12 Preparing a Disk for Storing New Simulation Jobs	p. 468
20-13 Writing a Word Address CNC Program Via the CNC Editor	p. 470
20-14 Using Edit Commands	p. 472
20-15 Using Insert Commands	p. 474
20-16 Using File Commands	p. 475
20-17 Starting the Virtual CNC and Creating Simulation Files	p. 478
20-18 Entering Data into the Setup File on C Drive	p. 483
20-19 Directing the Virtual CNC to Process a Job	p. 497
20-20 Using the Virtual CNC to Inspect a Machined Part	p. 502
20-21 Entering the CNC Editor from Virtual CNC	p. 506
20-22 Creating a New Tool in the Tool Library	p. 507
20-23 Simulating Programs with Cutter Diameter Compensation	p. 510
Appendix A	p. 513
Important Safety Precautions	p. 513
Appendix B	p. 515
Summary of G Codes for Milling Operations (Fanuc Controllers)	p. 515
Summary of G Codes for Turning Operations (Fanuc Controllers)	p. 517
Summary of M Codes for Milling and Turning Operations (Fanuc Controllers)	p. 518
Summary of Codes for Auxiliary Functions (Fanuc Controllers)	p. 519
Appendix C	p. 521
Recommended Speeds and Feeds for Drilling	p. 521
Recommended Speeds and Feeds for Milling	p. 522
Recommended Speeds and Feeds for Turning	p. 523
Appendix D	p. 525
Summary of Important Machining Formulas	p. 525
Glossary	p. 527
Index	p. 535

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