Speaking clearly : improving voice and diction

Speaking Clearly provides practical, proven, and class tested methods for the Voice and Diction course. With over 35 years of experience, this team of authors successfully guides students through the obstacles of speech improvement.

Preface	p. xi
Part 1 Introduction to Speech Communication	p. 1
Chapter 1 Introduction	p. 3
Objectives	p. 3
The Communication Process	p. 5
Noise	p. 6
Environmental Noise	p. 7
Listener-Generated Noise	p. 7
Speaker-Generated Noise	p. 8
How to Use This Book	p. 8
Chapters	p. 8
Appendixes	p. 10
Feedback	p. 11
Glossary	p. 12
Chapter 2 The Speech Process	p. 13
Objectives	p. 13
Overview	p. 13
The Nature of Sound	p. 14
What Sound Is	p. 14
Characteristics of Sound	p. 14
Frequency and Pitch	p. 14
Intensity and Loudness	p. 15
Spectrum and Quality	p. 16
The Speech Process	p. 16
Audition	p. 17
Innervation	p. 18
Breathing	p. 20
The Mechanism	p. 20
Breathing for Speech	p. 23
Phonation	p. 24
Sound Production	p. 25
Pitch	p. 27
Responance	p. 27
Resonance in the Vocal Tract	p. 28
Articulation	p. 29
Summary	p. 33
Suggested Readings	p. 34
Glossary	p. 34
Chapter 3 The Sounds of American English	p. 38
Objectives	p. 38
Speech Comes First	p. 38
Sounds, Not Letters	p. 39
Speech and Writing Confusion	p. 39
The Problem with Letters	p. 40
English Spelling and English Speech	p. 40
IPA	p. 41
IPA Transcription	p. 42
The Phoneme	p. 44
The Allophone	p. 45
Phonetics and Phonemics	p. 45
Dialects and Standard Speech	p. 45
Dialects	p. 45
Regional Dialects	p. 46
Standard Speech	p. 46
Nonstandard Speech	p. 46
Foreign Accents	p. 47
Classification of Sounds	p. 47
Consonants	p. 47
Classification of Consonants	p. 48
Voicing	p. 48
Place of Articulation	p. 48
Method of Articulation	p. 49
Vowels	p. 50
Classification of Vowels	p. 50
Height of the Tongue	p. 50
Place of Production	p. 51
Muscle Tension	p. 51
Diphthongs	p. 51
Phonetic Transcription	p. 52
Regional Dialects	p. 53
Southern Regional Dialect	p. 54
New England Regional Dialect	p. 54
New York Regional Dialect	p. 54
Eastern Regional Dialect	p. 55
Glossary	p. 55
Part 2 Diction	p. 61
Chapter 4 Improving Voice and Diction: The Basics	p. 63
Objectives	p. 63
How to Do It	p. 64
Ear Training	p. 65
Recognition	p. 66
Discrimination	p. 66
Warm-ups	p. 67
Sensitizing Exercise	p. 67
Glossary	p. 68
Chapter 5 Diction: The Consonants	p. 69
Objectives	p. 69
Plosives
[p] as in pat [b] as in boat	p. 70
[t] as in top [d] as in dog	p. 82
[k] as in key [g] as in go	p. 100
Fricatives
[f] as in four [v] as in very	p. 114
[[theta]] as in thin [[characters not reproducible]] as in the	p. 126
[s] as in snake [z] as in zoo	p. 141
[[characters not reproducible]] as in she [[characters not reproducible]] as in beige	p. 160
[h] as in hot	p. 168
Glides
[[characters not reproducible]] as in where [w] as in wet	p. 171
[r] as in red	p. 176
[j] as in yes	p. 187
Lateral
[l] as in left	p. 190
Nasals
[m] as in man	p. 198
[n] as in no	p. 200
[[eta]] as in sing	p. 202
Affricates
[t[characters not reproducible]] as in chair [d[characters not reproducible]] as in judge	p. 209
Chapter 6 Diction: The Vowels and Diphthongs	p. 218
Objectives
Front Vowels
[i] as in see	p. 220
[I] as in sit	p. 223
[e] as in ate	p. 229
[[epsiv]] as in bet	p. 232
[ae] as in pat	p. 237
Back Vowels
[u] as in too	p. 243
[U] as in book	p. 245
[o] as in rope	p. 248
[[characters not reproducible]] as in awful	p. 251
[a] as in calm	p. 257
Mid Vowels
[[characters not reproducible]] as in up	p. 260
[[characters not reproducible]] as in banana	p. 263
[[characters not reproducible]] as in early	p. 265
[[characters not reproducible]] as in father	p. 268
Diphthongs
[aI] as in ice	p. 271
[aU] as in how	p. 276
[[characters not reproducible]I] as in coin	p. 279
[eI] as in raid	p. 229
[oU] as in robe	p. 248
Minor Diphthongs
[I[characters not reproducible]] as in gear	p. 224
[[characters not reproducible]] asin pair	p. 233
[[characters not reproducible]] as in car	p. 258
[U[characters not reproducible]] as in poor	p. 246
[[characters not reproducible]] as in pore	p. 252
Part 3 Voice	p. 283
Chapter 7 Voice Production	p. 285
Objectives	p. 285
Guide to Voice Production Exercises	p. 286
Breathing	p. 286
Breathing for Speech	p. 286
Breath Control	p. 287
Exercise 1 Abdominal Breathing	p. 287
Exercise 2 Breath-Control Duration	p. 290
Exercise 3 Breath-Control Breathiness	p. 291
Loudness	p. 292
Controlling Loudness	p. 292
Exercise 4 Loudness-Force	p. 293
Exercise 5 Loudness-Projection	p. 294
Exercise 6 Loudness-Control	p. 295
Exercise 7 Loudness-Practice	p. 296
Pitch	p. 296
Determining Optimum Pitch	p. 297
Determining Habitual Pitch	p. 298
Changing Habitual Pitch	p. 298
Exercise 8 Changing Habitual Pitch	p. 299
Extending Your Pitch Range	p. 299
Relaxation	p. 300
Exercise 9 Progressive Relaxation	p. 300
Exercise 10 Fantasy	p. 300
Exercise 11 Head Rolling	p. 301
Exercise 12 Sighing	p. 301
Exercise 13 Yawning	p. 301
Singing	p. 302
Quality	p. 302
Resonance	p. 302
Nasality and Resonance	p. 304
Types of Nasality	p. 304
Exercise 14 Nasality-Ear Training	p. 304
Exercise 15 Nasality-Pulling	p. 306
Exercise 16 Denasality-Pushing	p. 306
Exercise 17 Denasality	p. 307
Tense, Strident, Metallic, and Hoarse Qualities	p. 308
Excess Tension	p. 308
Vocal or Glottal Fry	p. 308
Exercise 18 Vocal Fry	p. 308
Throaty Quality	p. 309
Hard Glottal Attack	p. 309
Exercise 19 Hard Glottal Attack	p. 309
Glossary	p. 310
Chapter 8 Vocal Expressiveness	p. 313
Objectives	p. 313
Reading Aloud	p. 314
Why Read Aloud?	p. 314
Components of Vocal Expression	p. 315
Rate	p. 315
Determining Your Own Rate	p. 316
Appropriate Rate	p. 318
Timed Readings for Rate	p. 319
Duration	p. 322
Duration Practice	p. 322
Exercise 1 Contrast Drill for Duration	p. 322
Exercise 2 Contrast Drill for Duration	p. 323
Exercise 3 Contrast Drill for Duration	p. 323
Pausing	p. 324
Pausing Exercises	p. 325
Stress	p. 327
Word Stress	p. 328
Word Stress Drill	p. 328
Syllable Stress	p. 329
Compound Word Stress Drill	p. 330
Polysyllabic Stress Drill	p. 330
Practice Readings for Stress	p. 330
Intonation	p. 333
Key	p. 334
Middle Key Readings	p. 335
Low Key Readings	p. 336
High Key Readings	p. 337
Inflection	p. 338
Drills for Inflection	p. 339
Drill for Rising Inflection	p. 339
Drill for Falling Inflection	p. 340
Drill for Circumflex Inflection	p. 341
Practice Sentences	p. 341
Steps	p. 342
Drill for Steps	p. 342
Readings for Intonation	p. 343
Integration	p. 345
General	p. 345
Glossary	p. 365
Appendix A Dealing with Nervousness	p. 367
Appendix B Special Speech Problems	p. 379
Appendix C Nonverbal Communication	p. 387
Appendix D Guide to Foreign Accents	p. 402
Appendix E Pronunciation List	p. 413
Appendix F Diagnostic Materials and Speech Checklists	p. 421
Permission Acknowledgments	p. 427
Index	p. 429

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