Communication systems : analysis and design

Using three parallel teaching approaches--rigorous mathematical, graphical, and intuitive, this book offers various types of learners a practical and deep understanding of communication systems. Emphasis on the theme of cost vs. performance tradeoffs throughout the book provides a framework and motivation for all the topics examined in it. Fundamentals of frequency domain analysis are reinforced through graphical techniques and communications-oriented examples. Chapter topics cover digital baseband modulation techniques, baseband receiver design, digital bandpass modulation and demodulation techniques, multiplexing techniques, analog-to-digital conversion, basics of information theory and data compression, and basics of error control coding. For electrical engineers interested in the field of communication systems and digital communications.

Preface	p. xiii
Acknowledgments	p. xvii
Chapter 1 Introduction	p. 1
1.1 Components of a Communication System	p. 1
1.2 An Overview of Trade-Offs in Communication System Design	p. 4
Problems	p. 5
Chapter 2 Frequency Domain Analysis	p. 6
2.1 Why Study Frequency Domain Analysis?	p. 6
2.2 The Fourier Series	p. 13
2.2.1 Trigonometric Form of the Fourier Series	p. 13
2.2.2 Other Forms of the Fourier Series	p. 18
2.3 Representing Power in the Frequency Domain	p. 38
2.3.1 The One-Sided Average Normalized Power Spectrum	p. 41
2.3.2 Formally Defining the Term "Bandwidth"	p. 48
2.3.3 The Two-Sided Average Normalized Power Spectrum	p. 48
2.4 The Fourier Transform	p. 52
2.5 Normalized Energy Spectral Density	p. 60
2.6 Properties of the Fourier Transform	p. 65
2.7 Using the Unit Impulse Function to Represent Discrete Frequency Components as Densities	p. 68
Problems	p. 69
Chapter 3 Digital Baseband Modulation Techniques	p. 75
3.1 Goals in Communication System Design	p. 75
3.2 Baseband Modulation Using Rectangular Pulses and Binary Pulse Amplitude Modulation	p. 76
3.3 Pulse Shaping to Improve Spectral Efficiency	p. 89
3.3.1 The Sinc-Shaped Pulse	p. 89
3.3.2 The Raised Cosine Pulse (Damped Sinc-Shaped Pulse)	p. 101
3.4 Building a Baseband Transmitter	p. 111
Problems	p. 115
Chapter 4 Receiver Design (and Stochastic Mathematics, Part I)	p. 123
4.1 Developing a Simple Pulse Amplitude Modulation Receiver	p. 123
4.1.1 Establishing an Expression for Probability of Bit Error	p. 124
4.1.2 Stochastic Mathematics--Part I (Random Variables)	p. 127
4.1.3 Examining Thermal Noise	p. 132
4.1.4 The Gaussian Probability Density Function	p. 137
4.1.5 Simplifying the Expression for Probability of Bit Error	p. 144
4.2 Building the Optimal Receiver (The Matched Filter or Correlation Receiver)	p. 149
4.2.1 Basic Structure for the Optimal Receiver	p. 149
4.2.2 Implications of Employing Optimum Processing	p. 153
4.2.3 A Graphical Interpretation of Probability of Bit Error for the Optimal Receiver	p. 156
4.2.4 Designing the Correlation Receiver for More General Signals	p. 162
4.3 Synchronization	p. 172
4.3.1 Basic Structure of Continuous-Time Phase Locked Loops	p. 173
4.3.2 Analysis of the PLL with Linearized Dynamics	p. 173
4.3.3 Frequency Synthesizers	p. 178
4.3.4 Timing Recovery	p. 181
4.3.5 Further Reading on Synchronization	p. 189
4.4 Equalization	p. 190
4.4.1 Intersymbol Interference	p. 192
4.4.2 Linear Transversal Equalizers	p. 196
4.4.3 Least-Mean-Square Equalizers	p. 198
4.4.4 Other Types of Equalizers	p. 199
4.4.5 Further Reading on Equalization	p. 199
4.5 Multi-Level PAM (M-ary PAM)	p. 200
Problems	p. 207
Chapter 5 Digital Bandpass Modulation and Demodulation Techniques (and Stochastic Mathematics, Part II)	p. 211
5.1 Binary Amplitude Shift Keying	p. 212
5.2 Other Binary Bandpass Modulation Techniques	p. 219
5.2.1 Binary Frequency Shift Keying	p. 219
5.2.2 Binary Phase Shift Keying	p. 221
5.2.3 Calculating Average Normalized Power Spectral Density for Binary FSK and Binary PSK	p. 222
5.3 Coherent Demodulation of Bandpass Signals	p. 225
5.3.1 Developing a Coherent PSK Receiver	p. 227
5.3.2 Developing a Coherent ASK Receiver	p. 230
5.3.3 Developing a Coherent FSK Receiver	p. 232
5.3.4 Comparing Coherent PSK, FSK, and ASK	p. 235
5.4 Stochastic Mathematics--Part II (Random Processes)	p. 236
5.4.1 Random Processes	p. 238
5.4.2 The Wiener-Khintchine Theorem	p. 245
5.4.3 Ergodicity	p. 252
5.5 Noncoherent Receivers for ASK and FSK	p. 253
5.5.1 The Envelope Detector	p. 254
5.5.2 Noncoherent Demodulation of ASK	p. 255
5.5.3 Noncoherent Demodulation of FSK	p. 255
5.5.4 Performance of Noncoherent ASK and FSK Receivers	p. 256
5.6 Differential (Noncoherent) PSK	p. 267
5.6.1 Demodulation of Binary DPSK	p. 268
5.6.2 Probability of Bit Error for a DPSK Receiver	p. 270
5.7 A Comparison of Binary Bandpass Systems	p. 271
5.8 M-ary Bandpass Techniques	p. 274
5.8.1 Quaternary Phase Shift Keying	p. 274
5.8.2 Differential Quaternary Phase Shift Keying	p. 284
5.8.3 M-ary Phase Shift Keying	p. 286
5.8.4 M-ary Frequency Shift Keying	p. 292
5.8.5 Multiparameter M-ary Bandpass Signaling	p. 298
Problems	p. 301
Chapter 6 Analog Modulation and Demodulation	p. 306
6.1 Transmitting an Amplitude Modulated Signal	p. 306
6.2 Coherent Demodulation of AM Signals	p. 309
6.3 Noncoherent Demodulation of AM Signals	p. 315
6.4 Single Sideband and Vestigial Sideband AM systems	p. 326
6.5 Frequency Modulation and Phase Modulation	p. 334
6.6 Generating and Demodulating FM and PM Signals	p. 343
6.6.1 FM and PM Modulators	p. 343
6.6.2 FM and PM Demodulators	p. 345
6.6.3 Noise in FM and PM Systems	p. 347
6.7 A Comparison of Analog Modulation Techniques	p. 355
Problems	p. 357
Chapter 7 Multiplexing Techniques	p. 362
7.1 Time Division Multiplexing	p. 364
7.2 Frequency Division Multiplexing	p. 368
7.3 Code Division Multiplexing and Spread Spectram	p. 370
7.3.1 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum	p. 371
7.3.2 Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum	p. 381
Problems	p. 385
Chapter 8 Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Conversion	p. 388
8.1 Sampling and Quantizing	p. 390
8.1.1 Sampling Baseband Analog Signals	p. 392
8.1.2 Practical Considerations in Baseband Sampling	p. 397
8.1.3 Sampling Bandpass Analog Signals	p. 399
8.1.4 The Quantizing Process	p. 400
8.2 Differential Pulse Coded Modulation	p. 407
8.3 Delta Modulation and Continuously Variable Slope Delta Modulation	p. 411
8.3.1 Delta Modulation	p. 411
8.3.2 Continuously Variable Slope Delta Modulation	p. 415
8.4 Further Reading on Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Conversion	p. 417
Problems	p. 417
Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Information Theory, Data Compression, and Image Compression	p. 421
9.1 Information Content, Entropy, and Information Rate of Independent Sources	p. 421
9.2 Variable-Length, Self-Punctuating Coding for Data Compression	p. 424
9.2.1 Prefix Coding and the Tree Diagram	p. 426
9.2.2 Huffman Coding	p. 431
9.3 Sources with Dependent Messages	p. 439
9.3.1 Static Dictionary Encoding	p. 439
9.3.2 LZW Compression--an Example of Dynamic Dictionary Encoding	p. 442
9.4 Still-Image Compression	p. 444
9.4.1 Facsimile	p. 444
9.4.2 Monochromatic Gray Scale Images	p. 447
9.4.3 Color Images (the DCT and JPEG)	p. 447
9.5 Moving-Image Compression	p. 450
Problems	p. 454
Chapter 10 Basics of Error Control Coding	p. 458
10.1 Channel Capacity	p. 460
10.2 Field Theory and Modulo-2 Operators	p. 461
10.2.1 Galois Field of Order 2	p. 461
10.2.2 Matrix Representation and Manipulation	p. 463
10.3 Hamming Codes	p. 464
10.4 A Geometric Interpretation of Error Control Coding	p. 472
10.5 Cyclic Codes	p. 481
10.5.1 Cyclic Redundancy Check Codes	p. 485
10.5.2 Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem Codes	p. 487
10.6 Hybrid FEC/ARQ Codes	p. 488
10.7 Correcting Burst Errors	p. 489
10.7.1 Interleaving	p. 489
10.7.2 Reed-Solomon Codes	p. 490
10.8 Convolutional Codes and Viterbi Decoding	p. 490
10.8.1 Convolutional Encoding	p. 490
10.8.2 Creating a Trellis	p. 496
10.8.3 Decoding and the Viterbi Algorithm	p. 497
Problems	p. 506
References	p. 509
Answers to Selected Problems	p. 515
Index	p. 519

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