Biomedical applications

Metal and metalloid-containing compounds exhibit a wide range of biological and biocidal activities, some of which have been employed in medicines and drugs. Polymers containing metal or metalloid functions become a natural extension of this effort; just as organic compound drugs have been chemically bound to polymers or physically imbibed into polymer matrices in order to provide a variety of useful advantages, the same opportunities exist for using metal and metalloid species. This volume will cover important biomedical applications of organometallic compounds, including metal-labeled DNA on surfaces, artificial metallo-DNA, organotin molecules as anti-cancer drugs, and much more.
* Provides useful descriptions of biomedical applications for the reader to apply in his/her research into materials, polymers, and medicine/drug development.
* Edited by high-quality team of macromolecular experts from around the world

Author Notes

Robert E. Bleicher, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo
Charles E. Carraher Jr., Florida Atlantic University and Florida Center for Environmental Studies, Palm Beach Gardens
Bill M. Culbertson, The Ohio State University, Columbus
Minhhoa H. Dotrong, The Ohio State University, Columbus
Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz, University of Saskatchewan
Yitao Long, University of Saskatchewan
Eberhard W. Neuse, University of the Witwatersrand
Charles U. Pittman Jr., Mississippi State University, Mississippi State
Scott R. Schricker, The Ohio State University
Deborah Siegmann-Louda, Florida Atlantic University
Mitsuhiko Shionoya, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
Todd C. Sutherland, University of Saskatchewan

Charles E. Carraher Jr. and Charles U. Pittman Jr.Heinz-Bernhard Kraatz and Yitao Long and Todd C. SutherlandMitsuhiko ShionoyaCharles E. Carraher Jr. and Deborah Siegmann-LoudaCharles E. Carraher Jr. and Robert E. BleicherEberhard W. NeuseDeborah W. Siegmann-Louda and Charles E. Carraher Jr.Bill M. Culbertson and Minhhoa H. Dotrong and Scott R. Schricker

Preface	p. xi
Series Preface	p. xiii
1. Organometallic Compounds in Biomedical Applications	p. 1
I. Introduction	p. 2
II. Case for Metal-Containing Bioactive Agents	p. 4
A. Tin-Containing Biocidal Polymers	p. 5
B. Ferrocene: A Therapeutic Role in Polymeric Systems?	p. 6
C. Polymeric Moderation of OsO[subscript 4] Toxicity	p. 7
III. Miscellaneous Polymers	p. 7
A. Metal Chelation Polymers	p. 7
B. Condensation Polymers	p. 9
IV. Small-Molecule Analogs	p. 11
V. Summary	p. 16
VI. References	p. 16
2. Metal-Labeled DNA on Surfaces	p. 19
I. Introduction	p. 20
II. Ferrocene Nucleotides	p. 20
III. Ferrocene-DNA Conjugates	p. 22
IV. Other Metal-DNA Conjugates	p. 34
V. Metallated DNA	p. 36
A. Cu-DNA	p. 36
B. M-DNA	p. 37
VI. Summary	p. 43
VII. Acknowledgments	p. 43
VIII. References	p. 43
3. Artificial DNA through Metal-Mediated Base Pairing: Structural Control and Discrete Metal Assembly	p. 45
I. Introduction	p. 46
II. Alternative Hydrogen-Bonding Schemes for DNA Base Pairing	p. 46
III. Non-Hydrogen-Bonding Basepairs in DNA	p. 48
IV. Metal-Mediated Base Pairing in DNA	p. 49
A. Basic Concept	p. 49
B. Artificial Nucleosides Designed for Metal-Mediated Base Pairs	p. 49
C. Incorporation of a Metallo-Base Pair in DNA and Its Effect on Thermal Stability	p. 50
D. Discrete Self-Assembled Metal Arrays in DNA	p. 52
V. Future Prospects for Artificial Metallo-DNA	p. 54
VI. Summary	p. 54
VII. References	p. 55
4. Organotin Macromolecules as Anticancer Drugs	p. 57
I. General	p. 58
II. Anticancer Activity of Small Organotin Compounds	p. 59
III. Molecule-Level Studies on Monomeric Organotin Compounds	p. 62
IV. Anticancer Activity of Organotin Polymers	p. 65
V. Future Work	p. 70
VI. References	p. 70
5. Organotin Oligomeric Drugs Containing the Antivirial Agent Acyclovir	p. 75
I. Early History of Organotin Compounds	p. 76
II. Mechanisms and Reactions	p. 76
III. General Structures	p. 77
IV. Acyclovir	p. 80
V. Bioactivity of Related Compounds	p. 81
VI. Experimental Work	p. 82
VII. Results and Discussion	p. 83
VIII. References	p. 86
6. Polymeric Ferrocene Conjugates as Antiproliferative Agents	p. 89
I. Introduction	p. 90
II. The Ferrocene-Ferricenium System in the Biological Environment	p. 92
III. Polymer-Drug Conjugation as a Pharmaceutical Tool for Drug Delivery	p. 98
IV. Polymer-Ferrocene Conjugates: Synthesis and Structure	p. 100
A. The Carrier Component: Structural Considerations	p. 101
B. Conjugates of Amide-Linked Ferrocene	p. 102
C. Conjugates of Ester-Linked Ferrocene	p. 109
V. Bioactivity Screening	p. 110
VI. Summary and Conclusions	p. 113
VII. Acknowledgments	p. 115
VIII. References	p. 115
7. Polymeric Platinum-Containing Drugs in the Treatment of Cancer	p. 119
I. Introduction	p. 120
II. Basic Mechanisms of Pt(II) Complex Formation	p. 121
III. Nomenclature	p. 125
IV. Currently Approved Platinum-Containing Compounds	p. 125
V. Properties of Cisplatin	p. 127
VI. Structure-Activity Relationships	p. 130
VII. Polymer-Drug Conjugation Strategy and Possible Benefits	p. 133
A. Polymers as Carriers	p. 134
B. Polymers as Drugs	p. 135
C. General	p. 136
VIII. Mainchain-Incorporated cis-Diamine-Coordinated Platinum	p. 137
A. Simple Amine Derivatives	p. 137
B. Amino Acid Derivatives	p. 141
C. Other Nitrogen-Platinum Products	p. 143
D. Solution Stability	p. 144
E. Thermal Stability	p. 145
F. Antiviral Activity	p. 145
IX. Platinum Carrier-Bound Complexes via Nitrogen Donor Ligands	p. 147
A. Pt-Polyphosphazenes	p. 147
B. Slowly Biofissionable Pt-N Complexes Anchored through Primary and Secondary Amines	p. 149
C. Biofissionable Pt-N Complexes Anchored through Primary and Secondary Amines	p. 154
X. Pt-O-Bound Polymers	p. 161
XI. Mixed Pt-O/Pt-N-Bound Polymers	p. 180
XII. Future Work	p. 182
XIII. Acknowledgments	p. 184
XIV. References	p. 185
8. New Organic Polyacid-Inorganic Compounds for Improved Dental Materials	p. 193
I. Introduction	p. 194
II. Glass Ionomer Technology	p. 194
A. Amino Acid-Modified Glass Ionomers	p. 198
B. N-Vinylpyrrolidone (NVP)-Modified Glass Ionomers	p. 201
III. New NVP-Modified Glass Ionomers: Experimental Work	p. 202
A. Materials	p. 202
B. Polymer Synthesis	p. 203
C. Characterization	p. 203
D. Physical Properties	p. 203
IV. Results and Discussion	p. 204
V. Conclusions	p. 205
VI. References	p. 206
Index	p. 209

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