OFDM for wireless communications systems

Title:

Personal Author:

Prasad, Ramjee

Series:

Artech House universal personal communications series

Publication Information:

Boston, MA : Artech House, 2004

ISBN:

9781580537964

Subject Term:

Wireless communication systems

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

Orthogonalization methods

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010077562	TK5103.2 P72 2004	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

Written by leading authority Ramjee Prasad, this timely new work offers a complete understanding of OFDM technology and applications in wireless communications systems, placing emphasis on wireless LANs and PANs. OFDM is a key technology for beyond 3G communications, promising robust, high capacity, high speed wireless broadband multimedia networks. In this practical resource, established and new technologies are explained clearly and comprehensively, from OFDM basics to a detailed account of a new technique, hybrid OFDM CDMA slow frequency hopping.

Author Notes

Ramjee Prasad received his M.Sc. (Eng.) in electronics and communications and his Ph.D. in telecommunications from the Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, India.

He is a researcher of hybrid multiple access schemes for wireless personal communications at the Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands. Dr. Prasad is Wireless Information and Multimedia Chair and Co-Director of the Center for Personkommunikation at Aalborg University. He is the author of CDMA for Wireless Personal Communications (Artech, 1996) and Universal Wireless Personal Communications (Artech, 1998). He is co-author of IP/ATM Mobile Satellite Networks (Artech House, 2002) and OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communications (Artech House, 2000), and co-editor of Third Generation Mobile Communication Systems (Artech House, 2000), WCDMA: Towards IP Mobility and Mobile Internet (Artech House, 2001), and Wireless IP and Building the Mobile Internet (Artech House, 2003). He is Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal on Wireless Personal Communications, Chairman of the IEEE Vehicular Technology and Communications Society Joint Chapter in the Benelux, and Secretary for the Executive Committee of PIMRC.

050

Preface	p. xiii
Acknowledgments	p. xv
Chapter 1 Introduction	p. 1
1.1 Wireless Technology in the Future	p. 1
1.1.1 WWANs	p. 3
1.1.2 WLANs	p. 4
1.1.3 WPANs	p. 5
1.1.4 WB-PANs	p. 6
1.1.5 The Next Generation	p. 7
1.2 Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing	p. 11
1.2.1 History of OFDM	p. 11
1.3 Concluding Remarks	p. 14
References	p. 16
Chapter 2 WLANs	p. 19
2.1 Introduction	p. 19
2.1.1 WLANs in a Nutshell	p. 21
2.1.2 IEEE 802.11, HIPERLAN/2, and MMAC WLAN Standards	p. 23
2.2 MAC in WLAN Standards	p. 27
2.2.1 IEEE 802.11	p. 27
2.2.2 HIPERLAN/2	p. 31
2.3 QoS over WLANs	p. 33
2.3.1 IEEE 802.11e	p. 33
2.3.2 Interframe Spacing	p. 35
2.3.3 Other QoS-Related Developments	p. 36
2.4 Security in IEEE 802.11	p. 36
2.4.1 Current IEEE 802.11	p. 36
2.4.2 IEEE 802.11i and IEEE 802.11f	p. 39
References	p. 43
Appendix 2A ISM Bands	p. 46
Appendix 2B Comparison of WLAN and WPAN Standards	p. 47
Chapter 3 WPANs	p. 49
3.1 Introduction	p. 49
3.1.1 Emergence of Personal Area Networking (The Person-Centered Concept)	p. 49
3.2 Technical Challenges of a WPAN Technology	p. 54
3.2.1 Ad Hoc Connectivity	p. 55
3.2.2 Service Discovery and Resource Selection	p. 56
3.3 Enabling Technologies	p. 57
3.3.1 Comparison of Short-Range Wireless Technologies	p. 60
3.4 Ongoing Research	p. 60
3.4.1 Architecture and Middleware Issues	p. 60
3.5 Research Issues for Future WPAN Technology	p. 73
References	p. 76
Chapter 4 Appropriate Channel Model for OFDM Systems	p. 83
4.1 Introduction	p. 83
4.2 Characterization of the Mobile Radio Channel	p. 84
4.2.1 Components of a Multipath Channel Model	p. 84
4.2.2 Definitions	p. 85
4.2.3 Variation of Channel Parameters Due to Bandwidth Limitation	p. 90
4.3 FD Channel Modeling	p. 90
4.3.1 The WSSUS Channel Model	p. 91
4.3.2 Channel Description	p. 94
4.3.3 Relation to (Physical) Channel Parameters	p. 95
4.4 FD Channel Simulation	p. 97
4.4.1 Model Description	p. 98
4.4.2 Implementation of the Simulation Scheme	p. 99
4.4.3 FD Simulation Results	p. 100
4.4.4 Differences from Time-Domain Simulation Schemes	p. 104
4.5 Application to Millimeter-Wave Radio Channels	p. 104
4.5.1 Discussion of Measurement Results	p. 105
4.5.2 Discussion of Channel Parameters	p. 106
4.5.3 Overview of Channel Models	p. 110
4.5.4 Applicability of the FD Model	p. 111
4.6 Conclusions	p. 112
References	p. 114
Chapter 5 Basics of OFDM and Synchronization	p. 117
5.1 Introduction	p. 117
5.2 OFDM Introduction and System Model	p. 117
5.2.1 OFDM Introduction and Block Diagram	p. 118
5.2.2 Design of the OFDM Signal	p. 120
5.2.3 OFDM System Model	p. 123
5.2.4 Synchronization Errors	p. 128
5.3 Performance of an Uncoded OFDM System	p. 133
5.3.1 Mathematical Modeling	p. 133
5.3.2 Analytical Evaluation of the BER	p. 134
5.3.3 Performance Results	p. 141
5.4 Conclusions and Recommendations	p. 144
References	p. 146
Chapter 6 The Peak Power Problem	p. 149
6.1 Introduction	p. 149
6.2 Distribution of the PAP Ratio	p. 150
6.3 Clipping and Peak Windowing	p. 152
6.3.1 Required Backoff with a Nonideal Power Amplifier	p. 155
6.3.2 Coding and Scrambling	p. 158
6.4 Peak Cancellation	p. 160
6.5 PAP Reduction Codes	p. 166
6.5.1 Generating Complementary Codes	p. 167
6.5.2 Minimum Distance of Complementary Codes	p. 171
6.5.3 Maximum-Likelihood Decoding of Complementary Codes	p. 172
6.5.4 Suboptimal Decoding of Complementary Codes	p. 174
6.5.5 Large Code Lengths	p. 177
6.6 Symbol Scrambling	p. 177
References	p. 180
Chapter 7 A Novel Hybrid OFDM Concept	p. 183
7.1 Introduction	p. 183
7.2 Detailed Structure of Various Multiple-Access Schemes	p. 184
7.2.1 Overview of Various Modulation Schemes	p. 184
7.2.2 DS-CDMA	p. 187
7.2.3 SFH Interface	p. 188
7.2.4 OFDM/CDMA/SFH System Description	p. 191
7.2.5 Summary	p. 197
7.3 Comparison to MC-CDMA	p. 197
7.3.1 Background	p. 198
7.3.2 Basic Principles of MC-CDMA	p. 198
7.3.3 The Hybrid System	p. 201
7.3.4 Comments on the MC-CDMA Technique	p. 202
7.3.5 Summary	p. 205
7.4 Analytical Performance in Fading Channels and Simulation in AWGN Channels	p. 206
7.4.1 Comparison of DS-CDMA and DS-CDMA-SFH (DS-SFH) Systems	p. 206
7.4.2 Noncoherent Class of Signals (DS-CDMA)	p. 206
7.4.3 DS-CDMA-SFH	p. 208
7.4.4 Coherent Class of Signals	p. 211
7.4.5 OFDM-CDMA-SFH (Hybrid)	p. 211
7.4.6 Simulations	p. 213
7.4.7 Summary	p. 214
7.5 Performance in Fading Channels with Perfect Estimation	p. 215
7.5.1 FD Modeling	p. 215
7.5.2 Analytical Evaluation of the BER	p. 216
7.5.3 Coherent Detection with Perfect Channel Estimation	p. 218
7.5.4 Calculation of the Parameters	p. 219
7.5.5 Simulations with Perfect Channel Estimation	p. 220
7.5.6 Summary	p. 229
7.6 Performance in Fading Channels with Realistic Estimation	p. 229
7.6.1 Baseband Model	p. 230
7.6.2 Channel Estimation with TDP Method	p. 231
7.6.3 Simulated OFDM System Parameters	p. 235
7.6.4 Simulation Results for QPSK/16-QAM	p. 235
7.6.5 Summary	p. 237
7.7 Conclusions	p. 239
References	p. 239
Chapter 8 A Practical OFDM System: Fixed Broadband Wireless Access (FBWA)	p. 243
8.1 Introduction	p. 243
8.2 Motivation	p. 243
8.2.1 Cell-Based Infrastructure	p. 244
8.2.2 Mesh Topology-Based Infrastructure	p. 245
8.3 Proposed FBWA	p. 245
8.4 Systems Requirements	p. 248
8.4.1 Parameter Selection	p. 249
8.4.2 Communications Protocol	p. 249
8.4.3 Duplex Schemes	p. 250
8.4.4 Downlink Transmission	p. 250
8.4.5 Uplink Transmission	p. 252
8.4.6 Frame Structure	p. 253
8.4.7 MAC Consideration and Conformance	p. 254
8.4.8 Adaptability of the Proposed Kernel Architecture to BWAS	p. 256
8.4.9 Summary	p. 256
8.5 Ubiquitous Connectivity	p. 256
References	p. 258
About the Author	p. 261
Index	p. 263

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