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Summary
Summary
This text deals with the methods of obtaining numerical solutions to engineering problems. The topics discussed are those that are normally covered in undergraduate engineering programs. This includes an introduction to digital computers, function representation using Taylor's series, error considerations in iterative type computations, searching for roots of equations in a single variable, solution of simultaneous equations, function approximation and interpolation, numerical integration and differentiation, matrix eigenvalue problems, solution of nonlinear system of equations, and solution of ordinary and partial differential equations.
Author Notes
R B Bhat: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
S Chakraverty: Scientist, Computer Centre, Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee, India
Table of Contents
Preface | p. v |
Chapter 1 Solution of Equations for Engineering Design and Analysis | p. 1 |
1.1 Introduction | p. 1 |
1.2 Taylor's Series Expansion of Functions | p. 1 |
1.3 Digital Computers | p. 3 |
1.4 Number Representation: Floating Point and Fixed Point | p. 5 |
1.5 Algorithms and Flowcharts | p. 6 |
1.6 Error Considerations | p. 8 |
1.7 Sequences | p. 11 |
Chapter 2 Numerical Research for Roots of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations | p. 14 |
2.1 Incremental Search | p. 15 |
2.2 Bisection Method | p. 18 |
2.3 Method of False Position | p. 20 |
2.4 Newton Raphson Method | p. 23 |
2.5 Modified Newton Raphson Method | p. 26 |
2.6 Secant Method | p. 28 |
2.7 Complex Roots of Equations | p. 30 |
2.8 Practical Application | p. 31 |
Chapter 3 Methods to Solve Linear Simultaneous Equations | p. 34 |
3.1 Properties of Matrices | p. 34 |
3.2 Gaussian Elimination | p. 37 |
3.3 Pivoting Techniques | p. 42 |
3.4 Gauss-Jordan Method | p. 49 |
3.5 Matrix Factorization Techniques | p. 53 |
3.5.1 Doolittle Method (L*U decomposition) | p. 54 |
3.5.2 Crout's Method | p. 57 |
3.6 Cholesky Method (valid only for matrices which are positive definite) | p. 62 |
3.7 Norms of Vectors and Matrices | p. 69 |
3.8 Jacobi Method | p. 74 |
3.9 Gauss-Seidel Method | p. 76 |
Chapter 4 Function Approximation or Interpolation | p. 78 |
4.1 Discrete Least Squares Approximation | p. 78 |
4.2 Least Squares Function Approximation | p. 86 |
4.3 Interpolation with Divided Differences | p. 90 |
4.4 Lagrange Polynomials | p. 98 |
4.5 Cubic Spline Approximation | p. 101 |
Chapter 5 Numerical Integration | p. 115 |
5.1 Introduction | p. 115 |
5.2 Trapezoidal Rule | p. 118 |
5.3 Simpson's Rule | p. 125 |
5.4 Newton-Cotes Formulas | p. 128 |
5.5 Romberg Integration | p. 132 |
5.6 Gauss Quadrature | p. 139 |
Chapter 6 Numerical Differentiation | p. 149 |
6.1 Central Differences | p. 149 |
6.2 Forward Differences | p. 156 |
6.3 Backward Differences | p. 163 |
6.4 Error Considerations | p. 172 |
Chapter 7 Matrix Eigenvalue Problems | p. 174 |
7.1 Gerschgorin Circle Theorem | p. 174 |
7.2 Characteristic Equation | p. 178 |
7.3 Power Method | p. 182 |
7.4 Inverse Power Method | p. 187 |
7.5 Jacobi's Method | p. 195 |
7.6 Householder--Q, L Method | p. 204 |
7.7 Householder--Q, R, Method | p. 215 |
Chapter 8 Solution of Equations for Engineering Design and Analysis | p. 223 |
8.1 Introduction | p. 223 |
8.2 Newton's Method | p. 223 |
Chapter 9 Numerical Solutions of Ordinary Differential Equations | p. 233 |
9.1 Introduction | p. 233 |
9.2 Euler's Method | p. 234 |
9.3 Higher Order Taylor Methods | p. 237 |
9.4 Runge-Kutta Methods | p. 239 |
9.5 Two Step Predictor-Corrector Methods | p. 243 |
9.6 Milne's Predictor-Simpson's Corrector Method | p. 245 |
9.7 Hamming's Method | p. 248 |
9.8 Higher Order Differential Equations and System of Differential Equations | p. 249 |
Chapter 10 Introduction to Partial Differential Equations | p. 254 |
10.1 Introduction | p. 254 |
10.2 Elliptic Partial Differential Equations | p. 255 |
10.3 Parabolic Partial Differential Equations | p. 257 |
10.4 Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations | p. 261 |
Chapter 11 Introduction to the Theory of Linear Vector Spaces | p. 263 |
11.1 Preliminaries | p. 263 |
11.2 Construction of Orthogonal Polynomials | p. 270 |
11.3 Boundary Characteristic Orthogonal Polynomials | p. 274 |
Chapter 12 Solution of Boundary Value Problems | p. 276 |
12.1 Preliminaries | p. 276 |
12.2 Shooting Method | p. 276 |
12.3 Rayleigh-Ritz Method | p. 283 |
12.4 Collocation Method | p. 287 |
12.5 Galerkin's Method | p. 289 |
Problems | p. 293 |
References | p. 318 |
Index | p. 319 |