Systems analysis design

Put SAD into action!

You can't truly understand Systems Analysis and Design (SAD) by only reading about it; you have to do it. In Systems Analysis and Design, Third Edition, Dennis, Wixom, and Roth offer a hands-on approach to actually doing SAD. Building on their experience as professional systems analysts and award-winning teachers, these three authors capture the experience of actually developing and analyzing systems. They focus on the core set of skills that all analysts must possess--from gathering requirements and modeling business needs, to creating blueprints for how the system should be built.

Features
* New and expanded coverage, including expanded coverage of functional and nonfunctional requirements; new event-action lists; a new extended example of process modeling and data modeling; expanded discussion of the use and interpretation of the weighted alternative matrix as well as RFPs, RFI, and RFQs; a new emphasis on the Migration Plan; and new coverage of business contingency planning during implementation.
* Focus on doing SAD. After presenting the how and what of each major technique, the text guides you through practice problems and invites you to use the technique in a project.
* Project-based approach. Topics are presented in the order in which an analyst would encounter them in a typical project.
* Real-life examples include a running case, which serves as a template that you can apply to your own work, and Concepts in Action examples that describe how real companies succeeded (and failed) in performing SAD activities.
* Object-oriented concepts and techniques are included throughout the book, and a final chapter focuses on the major elements of UML. Coverage is updated to reflect the innovations of UML Version 2.0.
* Student Website includes hands-on exercises, templates for project deliverables, PowerPoint slides, and relevant Internet links.

Author Notes

Dr. Alan Dennis holds the John T. Chambers Chair of Internet Systems in the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University. Dr. Dennis has won numerous awards for teaching data communications and networking and for his research on collaboration and the Internet. He is an Associate Editor for MIS Quarterly and serves as the Executive Editor for MIS Quarterly Executive. He received his Ph.D. in management information systems from the University of Arizona, his MBA from Queen's University in Ontario, and his Bachelor of Computer Science from Acadia University in Nova Scotia.

Preface	p. xiii
Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design	p. 1
Introduction	p. 2
The Systems Development Life Cycle	p. 4
Planning	p. 6
Analysis	p. 6
Design	p. 7
Implementation	p. 7
Systems Development Methodologies	p. 8
Structured Design	p. 10
Rapid Application Development (RAD)	p. 12
Agile Development	p. 16
Selecting the Appropriate Development Methodology	p. 18
Project Team Skills and Roles	p. 20
Business Analyst	p. 21
Systems Analyst	p. 22
Infrastructure Analyst	p. 22
Change Management Analyst	p. 22
Project Manager	p. 23
Summary	p. 23
Part 1 Planning Phase	p. 29
Chapter 2 Project Initiation	p. 31
Introduction	p. 32
Project Identification	p. 33
System Request	p. 35
Applying the Concepts at CD Selections	p. 36
Feasibility Analysis	p. 39
Technical Feasibility	p. 39
Economic Feasibility	p. 40
Organizational Feasibility	p. 46
Applying the Concepts at CD Selections	p. 49
Project Selection	p. 52
Applying the Concepts at CD Selections	p. 53
Summary	p. 55
Chapter 3 Project Management	p. 61
Introduction	p. 62
Identifying Project Size	p. 62
Function Point Approach	p. 64
Creating and Managing the Workplan	p. 70
Identify Tasks	p. 70
The Project Workplan	p. 72
Gantt Chart	p. 72
PERT Chart	p. 74
Refining Estimates	p. 75
Scope Management	p. 77
Timeboxing	p. 78
Staffing the Project	p. 79
Staffing Plan	p. 79
Motivation	p. 82
Handling Conflict	p. 83
Coordinating Project Activities	p. 84
CASE Tools	p. 84
Standards	p. 85
Documentation	p. 86
Managing Risk	p. 87
Applying the Concepts at CD Selections	p. 89
Staffing the Project	p. 92
Coordinating Project Activities	p. 93
Summary	p. 93
Part 2 Analysis Phase	p. 99
Chapter 4 Requirements Determination	p. 101
Introduction	p. 102
Requirements Determination	p. 103
What is a Requirement?	p. 103
Requirements Definition	p. 106
Determining Requirements	p. 107
Creating the Requirements Definition	p. 108
Requirements Analysis Techniques	p. 108
Business Process Automation	p. 109
Business Process Improvement	p. 110
Business Process Reengineering	p. 113
Comparing Analysis Techniques	p. 114
Requirements-Gathering Techniques	p. 116
Requirements-Gathering in Practice	p. 117
Interviews	p. 118
Joint Application Development (JAD)	p. 125
Questionnaires	p. 128
Document Analysis	p. 131
Observation	p. 133
Selecting the Appropriate Techniques	p. 134
Applying the Concepts at CD Selections	p. 136
Requirements Analysis Techniques	p. 136
Requirements-Gathering Techniques	p. 136
Requirements Definition	p. 137
System Proposal	p. 138
Summary	p. 139
Chapter 5 Use Case Analysis	p. 143
Introduction	p. 148
Use Cases	p. 149
Elements of a Use Case	p. 149
Building Use Cases	p. 151
Applying the Concepts at CD Selections	p. 155
Identifying the Major Use Cases	p. 155
Identifying the Major Steps for Each Use Case	p. 158
Identifying the Elements within Steps	p. 162
Confirming the Use Case	p. 162
Revising the Requirements Definition	p. 166
Summary	p. 166
Chapter 6 Process Modeling	p. 171
Introduction	p. 172
Data Flow Diagrams	p. 172
Reading Data Flow Diagrams	p. 172
Elements of Data Flow Diagrams	p. 174
Using Data Flow Diagrams to Define Business Processes	p. 176
Process Descriptions	p. 180
Creating Data Flow Diagrams	p. 180
Creating the Context Diagram	p. 182
Creating Data Flow Diagram Fragments	p. 182
Creating the Level 0 Flow Diagram	p. 184
Creating Level 1 Data Flow Diagrams (and Below)	p. 185
Validating the Data Flow Diagrams	p. 188
Applying the Concepts at CD Selections	p. 191
Creating the Context Diagram	p. 192
Creating Data Flow Diagram Fragments	p. 192
Creating the Level 0 Data Flow Diagram	p. 193
Creating Level 1 Data Flow Diagrams (and Below)	p. 194
Validating the Data Flow Diagrams	p. 198
Summary	p. 198
Appendix A Process Modeling at Custom MetalWorks	p. 202
Chapter 7 Data Modeling	p. 211
Introduction	p. 212
The Entity Relationship Diagram	p. 212
Reading an Entity Relationship Diagram	p. 213
Elements of an Entity Relationship Diagram	p. 214
The Data Dictionary and Metadata	p. 219
Creating an Entity Relationship Diagram	p. 220
Building Entity Relationship Diagrams	p. 221
Advanced Syntax	p. 224
Applying the Concepts at CD Selections	p. 227
Validating and ERD	p. 230
Design Guidelines	p. 230
Normalization	p. 233
Balancing Entity Relationship Diagrams with Data Flow Diagrams	p. 238
Summary	p. 240
Appendix A Data Modeling at Custom MetalWorks	p. 245
Part 3 Design Phase	p. 251
Chapter 8 Moving Into Design	p. 255
Introduction	p. 254
Transition from Requirements to Design	p. 254
System Acquisition Strategies	p. 257
Custom Development	p. 257
Packaged Software	p. 258
Outsourcing	p. 260
Influences on Acquisition Strategy	p. 261
Business Need	p. 262
In-house Experience	p. 262
Project Skills	p. 263
Project Management	p. 263
Time Frame	p. 264
Selecting an Acquisition Strategy	p. 264
Alternative Matrix	p. 265
Applying the Concepts at CD Selections	p. 267
Summary	p. 269
Chapter 9 Architecture Design	p. 273
Introduction	p. 274
Elements of an Architecture Design	p. 274
Architectural Components	p. 274
Server-Based Architectures	p. 275
Client-Based Architectures	p. 275
Client-Server Architectures	p. 276
Client-Server Tiers	p. 278
Comparing Architecture Options	p. 280
Creating an Architecture Design	p. 282
Operational Requirements	p. 283
Performance Requirements	p. 284
Security Requirements	p. 286
Cultural and Political Requirements	p. 291
Designing the Architecture	p. 293
Hardware and Software Specification	p. 295
Applying the Concepts at CD Selections	p. 297
Creating an Architecture Design	p. 297
Hardware and Software Specification	p. 300
Summary	p. 300
Chapter 10 User Interface Design	p. 305
Introduction	p. 306
Principles for User Interface Design	p. 306
Layout	p. 307
Content Awareness	p. 309
Aesthetics	p. 311
User Experience	p. 313
Consistency	p. 314
Minimize User Effort	p. 314
User Interface Design Process	p. 315
Use Scenario Development	p. 316
Interface Structure Design	p. 317
Interface Standards Design	p. 319
Interface Design Prototyping	p. 321
Interface Evaluation	p. 323
Navigation Design	p. 325
Basic Principles	p. 325
Types of Navigation Controls	p. 326
Messages	p. 330
Input Design	p. 331
Basic Principles	p. 331
Types of Inputs	p. 334
Input Validation	p. 334
Output Design	p. 337
Basic Principles	p. 337
Types of Outputs	p. 340
Media	p. 340
Applying the Concepts at CD Selections	p. 342
Use Scenario Development	p. 342
Interface Structure Design	p. 342
Interface Standards Design	p. 346
Interface template Design	p. 346
Design Prototyping	p. 347
Interface Evaluation	p. 348
Summary	p. 348
Chapter 11 Program Design	p. 357
Introduction	p. 358
Moving from Logical to Physical Process Models	p. 358
The Physical Data Flow Diagram	p. 358
Applying the Concepts at CD Selections	p. 362
Designing Programs	p. 363
Structure Chart	p. 366
Syntax	p. 366
Building the Structure Chart	p. 369
Applying the Concepts at CD Selections	p. 372
Design Guidelines	p. 376
Program Specification	p. 382
Syntax	p. 382
Applying the Concepts at CD Selections	p. 385
Summary	p. 388
Chapter 12 Data Storage Design	p. 397
Introduction	p. 398
Data Storage Formats	p. 398
Files	p. 399
Databases	p. 401
Selecting a Storage Format	p. 407
Applying the Concepts at CD Selections	p. 409
Moving from Logical to Physical Data Models	p. 410
The Physical Entity Relationship Diagram	p. 410
Revisiting the CRUD Matrix	p. 414
Applying the Concepts at CD Selections	p. 414
Optimizing Data Storage	p. 416
Optimizing Storage Efficiency	p. 417
Optimizing Access Speed	p. 419
Estimating Storage Size	p. 424
Applying the Concepts at CD Selections	p. 426
Summary	p. 428
Part 4 Implementation Phase	p. 435
Chapter 13 Moving Into Implementation	p. 437
Introduction	p. 438
Managing the Programming Process	p. 438
Assigning Programming Tasks	p. 438
Coordinating Activities	p. 439
Managing the Schedule	p. 440
Testing	p. 441
Test Planning	p. 442
Unit Tests	p. 445
Integration Tests	p. 445
System Tests	p. 447
Acceptance Tests	p. 447
Developing Documentation	p. 447
Types of Documentation	p. 449
Designing Documentation Structure	p. 449
Writing Documentation Topics	p. 451
Identifying Navigation Terms	p. 452
Applying the Concepts at CD Selections	p. 454
Managing Programming	p. 454
Testing	p. 454
Developing User Documentation	p. 457
Summary	p. 458
Chapter 14 Transition to the New System	p. 463
Introduction	p. 464
Making the Transition to the New System	p. 464
The Migration Plan	p. 465
Selecting a Conversion Strategy	p. 466
Preparing a Business Contingency Plan	p. 470
Preparing the Technology	p. 472
Preparing People for the New System	p. 473
Understanding Resistance to Change	p. 473
Revising Management Policies	p. 475
Assessing Costs and Benefits	p. 476
Motivating Adoption	p. 478
Enabling Adoption: Training	p. 480
Postimplementation Activities	p. 482
System Support	p. 482
System Maintenance	p. 483
Project Assessment	p. 486
Applying the Concepts at CD Selections	p. 488
Implementation Process	p. 488
Preparing the People	p. 489
Postimplementation Activities	p. 489
Summary	p. 489
Chapter 15 The Movement to Objects	p. 495
Introduction	p. 496
Basic Characteristics of Object-Oriented Systems	p. 497
Classes and Objects	p. 497
Methods and Messages	p. 498
Encapsulation and Information Hiding	p. 498
Inheritance	p. 499
Polymorphism and Dynamic Binding	p. 500
Object-Oriented Systems Analysis and Design	p. 502
Use Case Driven	p. 502
Architecture Centric	p. 503
Iterative and Incremental	p. 503
Benefits of Object-Oriented Systems Analysis and Design	p. 503
Unified Modeling Language Version 2.0	p. 504
The Rational Unified Process (RUP)	p. 506
Four Fundamental UML Diagrams	p. 506
Use Case Diagram	p. 507
Elements of a Use Case Diagram	p. 509
Creating a Use Case Diagram	p. 512
Class Diagram	p. 514
Elements of a Class Diagram	p. 515
Simplifying Class Diagrams	p. 520
Creating a Class Diagram	p. 521
Sequence Diagram	p. 525
Creating a Sequence Diagram	p. 526
Behavioral State Machine Diagram	p. 529
Elements of a Behavioral State Machine Diagram	p. 530
Creating a Behavioral State Machine Diagram	p. 531

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Table of Contents