Steel structures : practical design studies

Title:

Personal Author:

MacGinley, T. J. (Thomas Joseph)

Edition:

2nd ed

Publication Information:

London : E & FN Spon, 1997

ISBN:

9780419179306

Subject Term:

Building, Iron and steel

Structural design

Steel, Structural

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The second edition of this well-known book provides a series of practical design studies of a range of steel structures. It is extensively revised and contains numerous worked examples, including comparative designs for many structures.

Author Notes

Hassan K. Al Nageim is a Chartered Engineer and a Professor of Structural Engineering at Liverpool John Moores University, UK

Acknowledgements	p. xiv
Preface to the third edition	p. xv
Preface to the second edition	p. xvii
Preface to the first edition	p. xviii
1 Introduction to structural design: the meaning, the purpose and the limits of structural design - general	p. 1
1.1 Introduction	p. 1
1.2 Phases of structural design	p. 1
1.2.1 Basic considerations concerning the structural design process	p. 2
1.3 The meanings of structural design	p. 4
1.4 Can structural design be taught?	p. 4
1.5 Databases and expert systems in structural design	p. 5
1.6 The importance of the computer modelling process	p. 7
2 Steel structures - structural engineering	p. 9
2.1 Need for and use of structures	p. 9
2.2 Structural materials - types and uses	p. 10
2.3 Types of structures	p. 11
2.3.1 General types of structures	p. 11
2.3.2 Steel structures	p. 13
2.4 Foundations	p. 13
2.5 Structural engineering	p. 15
2.5.1 Scope of structural engineering	p. 15
2.5.2 Structural designer's work	p. 17
2.6 Conceptual design, innovation and planning	p. 17
2.7 Comparative design and optimization	p. 19
2.7.1 General considerations	p. 19
2.7.2 Aims and factors considered in design comparison	p. 20
2.7.3 Specific basis of comparisons for common structures	p. 21
2.8 Load paths, structural idealization and modelling	p. 24
2.8.1 Load paths	p. 24
2.8.2 Structural idealization	p. 25
2.8.3 Modelling	p. 26
2.9 Drawings, specifications and quantities	p. 28
2.9.1 Steelwork drawings	p. 28
2.9.2 Specification	p. 28
2.9.3 Quantities	p. 29
2.10 Fabrication	p. 30
2.11 Transport and erection	p. 30
3 Structural steel design	p. 32
3.1 Design theories	p. 32
3.1.1 Development of design	p. 32
3.1.2 Design from experience	p. 32
3.1.3 Elastic theory	p. 32
3.1.4 Plastic theory	p. 35
3.1.5 Limit state theory and design codes	p. 35
3.2 Limit states and design basis	p. 36
3.3 Loads, actions and partial safety factors	p. 37
3.3.1 Loads	p. 38
3.3.2 Partial factors for loads/partial safety factors and design loads	p. 38
3.4 Structural steels - partial safety factors for materials	p. 39
3.5 Design methods from codes - ultimate limit state	p. 40
3.5.1 Design methods from BS 5950	p. 40
3.5.2 Analysis of structures - EC3	p. 42
3.5.3 Member and joint design	p. 42
3.6 Stability limit state	p. 44
3.7 Design for accidental damage	p. 44
3.7.1 Progressive collapse and robustness	p. 44
3.7.2 Building Regulations 1991	p. 44
3.7.3 BS 5950 Requirements for structural integrity	p. 45
3.8 Serviceability limit states	p. 46
3.8.1 Deflection limits	p. 46
3.8.2 Vibration	p. 47
3.9 Design considerations	p. 47
3.9.1 Fatigue	p. 47
3.9.2 Brittle fracture	p. 48
3.9.3 Corrosion protection	p. 50
3.9.4 Fire protection	p. 51
4 Preliminary design	p. 55
4.1 General considerations	p. 55
4.2 Need for and scope of preliminary design methods	p. 55
4.3 Design concept, modelling and load estimation	p. 56
4.3.1 Design concept	p. 56
4.3.2 Modelling	p. 56
4.3.3 Load estimation	p. 56
4.4 Analysis	p. 57
4.4.1 Statically determinate structures	p. 57
4.4.2 Statically indeterminate structures	p. 59
4.5 Element design	p. 65
4.5.1 General comments	p. 65
4.5.2 Ties and struts	p. 65
4.5.3 Beams and girders	p. 66
4.5.4 Beam-columns	p. 69
4.5.5 Members in portal frames	p. 70
4.6 Examples	p. 71
4.6.1 Ribbed dome structure	p. 71
4.6.2 Two-pinned portal - plastic design	p. 72
5 Single-storey, one-way-spanning buildings	p. 76
5.1 Types of structures	p. 76
5.2 Pinned-base portal - plastic design	p. 77
5.2.1 Specification and framing plans	p. 77
5.2.2 Dead and imposed loads	p. 78
5.2.3 Wind loads	p. 79
5.2.4 Design load cases	p. 83
5.2.5 Plastic analysis and design	p. 84
5.2.6 Dead and wind loads	p. 87
5.2.7 Plastic design - checks	p. 87
5.2.8 Rafter under wind uplift	p. 96
5.2.9 Portal joints	p. 97
5.2.10 Serviceability check	p. 100
5.3 Built-up tapered member portal	p. 102
5.3.1 General comments	p. 102
5.3.2 Design process	p. 102
5.4 Two-pinned arch	p. 103
5.4.1 General considerations	p. 103
5.4.2 Specification	p. 103
5.4.3 Loading	p. 104
5.4.4 Analysis	p. 106
5.4.5 Design	p. 107
5.4.6 Construction	p. 109
5.4.7 Lattice arch	p. 109
6 Single-storey, one-way-spanning pinned-base portal-plastic design to EC3	p. 115
6.1 Type of structure	p. 115
6.2 Sway stability	p. 115
6.2.1 For dead and imposed load	p. 115
6.3 Arching stability check-rafter, snap through	p. 116
6.4 Check the column	p. 116
6.4.1 Section classification	p. 117
6.4.2 Moment of resistance	p. 118
6.4.3 Column buckling between intermediate restraints	p. 119
6.4.4 Column buckling between torsional restraints	p. 120
6.5 Stability of the rafter	p. 122
6.5.1 Section classification	p. 122
6.5.2 Moment of resistance	p. 123
6.5.3 Rafter-check buckling between intermediate restraints	p. 124
6.5.4 Rafter check buckling between torsional restraints (stays)	p. 126
7 Multistorey buildings	p. 129
7.1 Outline of designs covered	p. 129
7.1.1 Aims of study	p. 129
7.1.2 Design to BS 5950	p. 129
7.2 Building and loads	p. 129
7.2.1 Specification	p. 129
7.2.2 Loads	p. 130
7.2.3 Materials	p. 131
7.3 Simple design centre frame	p. 131
7.3.1 Slabs	p. 131
7.3.2 Roof beam	p. 131
7.3.3 Floor beam	p. 133
7.3.4 Outer column - upper length 7-10-13	p. 133
7.3.5 Outer column - lower length 1-4-7	p. 135
7.3.6 Centre column - upper length 8-11-14	p. 135
7.3.7 Centre column - lower length 2-5-8	p. 136
7.3.8 Joint design	p. 137
7.3.9 Baseplate - centre column	p. 137
7.4 Braced rigid elastic design	p. 138
7.4.1 Computer analysis	p. 138
7.4.2 Beam design	p. 138
7.4.3 Column design	p. 142
7.4.4 Joint design	p. 145
7.5 Braced rigid plastic design	p. 148
7.5.1 Design procedure	p. 148
7.5.2 Design loads and moments	p. 148
7.5.3 Frame design	p. 150
7.6 Semirigid design	p. 158
7.6.1 Code requirements	p. 158
7.6.2 Joint types and performance	p. 159
7.6.3 Frame analysis	p. 161
7.6.4 Frame design	p. 164
7.7 Summary of designs	p. 173
8 Multistorey buildings, simple design to EC3	p. 174
8.1 Outline of design covered	p. 174
8.1.1 Aims of study	p. 174
8.1.2 Design to EC3	p. 174
8.2 Simple design centre frame	p. 175
8.2.1 Roof beam fully laterally restraints	p. 175
8.2.2 Floor beam - full lateral restraints	p. 179
8.3 Braced rigid elastic design/floor beam 10-11-12	p. 180
8.3.1 Check buckling resistance of beam M[subscript b.Rd] > M[subscript sd]	p. 180
8.4 Column - upper length 7-10-3 Figure 5.3, design and checking using EC3	p. 182
8.4.1 Check resistance of cross-sections, bending and axial force	p. 182
8.4.2 Resistance of member: combined bending and axial compression	p. 183
8.5 Outer column - lower length 1-4-7 Figure 5.3	p. 185
8.5.1 Check column below 1st floor at joint 4	p. 185
8.6 Baseplate	p. 187
8.6.1 Check bearing pressure and strength N[subscript sd]/A[subscript ef less than not equal] f[subscript i]	p. 187
8.6.2 Check resisting moment m[subscript sd]	p. 188
8.7 Joint design	p. 189
8.7.1 Check positioning for holes for bolts	p. 189
8.7.2 Check shear resistance of bolt Group	p. 190
8.7.3 Check bearing resistance	p. 190
8.7.4 Shear resistance of leg of cleat	p. 191
9 Floor systems	p. 192
9.1 Functions of floor systems	p. 192
9.2 Layouts and framing systems	p. 192
9.3 Types of floor construction	p. 194
9.4 Composite floor slabs	p. 194
9.4.1 General comments	p. 194
9.4.2 Design procedure	p. 196
9.5 Composite beam design	p. 197
9.5.1 Design basis	p. 197
9.5.2 Effective section	p. 197
9.5.3 Plastic moment capacity	p. 198
9.5.4 Construction	p. 198
9.5.5 Continuous beam analysis	p. 198
9.5.6 Design of members	p. 200
9.5.7 Shear connectors	p. 200
9.5.8 Longitudinal shear	p. 201
9.5.9 Deflection	p. 202
9.6 Simply supported composite beam	p. 203
9.6.1 Specification	p. 203
9.6.2 Moment capacity	p. 203
9.6.3 Shear	p. 204
9.6.4 Shear connectors	p. 204
9.6.5 Longitudinal shear	p. 205
9.6.6 Deflection	p. 205
9.7 Continuous composite beam	p. 206
9.7.1 Specification	p. 206
9.7.2 Floor loads	p. 207
9.7.3 Elastic analysis and redistribution	p. 208
9.7.4 Section design checks	p. 212
9.7.5 Shear connectors	p. 216
9.7.6 Longitudinal shear	p. 218
9.7.7 Deflection	p. 220
10 Design of simply supported composite beam to EC4	p. 222
10.1 Design data	p. 223
10.2 Initial selection of beam size	p. 223
10.2.1 Construction stage design	p. 224
10.2.2 Composite stage design	p. 224
10.3 Plastic analysis of composite section	p. 224
10.3.1 Compressive resistance of slab, R[subscript c]	p. 224
10.3.2 Compressive resistance of steel section, R[subscript s]	p. 225
10.3.3 Moment resistance of the composite beam = M[subscript pl.Rd]	p. 225
10.3.4 Shear resistance	p. 225
10.4 Check for serviceability limit states	p. 228
10.4.1 Deflection for non-composite stage	p. 228
10.4.2 Deflection for composite stage, [delta subscript c]	p. 228
10.4.3 Total deflection	p. 229
10.5 Check transverse reinforcement	p. 229
10.6 Check shear per unit length, [Upsilon]	p. 230
10.7 Check vibration	p. 230
11 Tall buildings	p. 231
11.1 General considerations	p. 231
11.2 Structural design considerations	p. 232
11.3 Structural systems	p. 233
11.3.1 All-steel braced structure	p. 233
11.3.2 Rigid frame and mixed systems	p. 234
11.3.3 All-steel outrigger and belt truss system	p. 236
11.3.4 Composite structures	p. 236
11.3.5 Suspended structures	p. 240
11.3.6 Tube structures	p. 240
11.3.7 SWMB structures	p. 242
11.4 Construction details	p. 242
11.4.1 Roofs and floors	p. 243
11.4.2 Walls	p. 244
11.4.3 Steel members	p. 244
11.5 Multistorey building - preliminary design	p. 245
11.5.1 Specification	p. 245
11.5.2 Dead and imposed loads	p. 245
11.5.3 Beam loads and design	p. 248
11.5.4 Design of perimeter column PC1	p. 251
11.5.5 Braced core wall - vertical loads	p. 255
11.5.6 Wind loads	p. 257
11.5.7 Stability, foundations and bracing	p. 261
12 Wide-span buildings	p. 263
12.1 Types and characteristics	p. 263
12.2 Tie-stayed roof - preliminary design	p. 266
12.2.1 Specification	p. 266
12.2.2 Preliminary design	p. 266
12.2.3 Stability and wind load	p. 274
12.3 Space decks	p. 277
12.3.1 Two-way spanning roofs	p. 277
12.3.2 Space decks	p. 277
12.3.3 Space deck analyses and design	p. 279
12.4 Preliminary design for a space deck	p. 280
12.4.1 Specification	p. 280
12.4.2 Arrangement of space deck	p. 280
12.4.3 Approximate analysis and design	p. 280
12.4.4 Computer analysis	p. 283
12.4.5 Computer results	p. 286
12.4.6 Member design	p. 286
12.5 Framed domes	p. 288
12.5.1 Types	p. 288
12.5.2 Dome construction	p. 290
12.5.3 Loading	p. 291
12.5.4 Analysis	p. 291
12.5.5 Stability	p. 292
12.6 Schwedler dome	p. 293
12.6.1 Specification	p. 293
12.6.2 Loading for statical analysis	p. 293
12.6.3 Statical analysis	p. 295
12.6.4 Member design	p. 299
12.6.5 Membrane analysis	p. 300
12.7 Retractable roof stadium	p. 301
12.7.1 Introduction	p. 301
12.7.2 Proposed structure	p. 302
12.7.3 Preliminary section sizes	p. 302
12.7.4 Problems in design and operation	p. 305
13 Sustainable steel buildings and energy saving	p. 306
13.1 Sustainable steel buildings	p. 306
13.2 Energy saving and thermal insulation	p. 307
13.3 The U-value	p. 309
13.4 Resistances of surfaces	p. 310
13.5 Resistances of air spaces	p. 310
13.6 Example calculation	p. 310
13.7 Some maximum U-values	p. 311
13.7.1 Example calculation 1	p. 311
13.7.2 Example calculation 2	p. 311
13.7.3 Example calculation 3	p. 312
13.7.4 Example calculation 4	p. 312
13.7.5 Example calculation 5	p. 312
13.7.6 Example calculation 6	p. 313
13.8 Thermal conductivities of commonly used insulating materials	p. 314
13.9 Some typical k-values (W/m K)	p. 314
13.10 Thermal insulation	p. 318
13.11 Acoustic insulation	p. 318
Bibliography	p. 319
Index	p. 325

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Author Notes

Table of Contents