Principles of applied reservoir simulation

Title:

Personal Author:

Franchi, John R.

Edition:

3rd ed.

Publication Information:

Burlington, MA : Gulf Professional Publishing, 2006

ISBN:

9780750679336

Subject Term:

Oil fields -- Computer simulation

Petroleum -- Geology -- Mathematical models

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010099331	TN870.53 F36 2006	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

The hottest, most important topic to reservoir engineers is reservoir simulation. Reservoir simulations are literally pictures of what a reservoir of oil or gas looks, or should look, like under the surface of the earth. A multitude of tools is available to the engineer to generate these pictures, and, essentially, the more accurate the picture, the easier the engineer can get the product out of the ground, and, thus, the more profitable the well will be.

Completely revised and updated throughout, this new edition of a GPP industry standard has completely new sections on coalbed methane, CO2 sequestration (important for environmental concerns), Co2 Flood, more sophisticated petrophysical models for geoscientists, examples of subsidence, additional geomechanical calculations, and much more. What makes this book so different and valuable to the engineer is the accompanying software, used by reservoir engineers all over the world every day. The new software, IFLO (replacing WINB4D, in previous editions), is a simulator that the engineer can easily install in a Windows operating environment. IFLO generates simulations of how the well can be tapped and feeds this to the engineer in dynamic 3D perspective. This completely new software is much more functional, with better graphics and more scenarios from which the engineer can generate simulations.

This book and software helps the reservoir engineer do his or her job on a daily basis, better, more economically, and more efficiently. Without simulations, the reservoir engineer would not be able to do his or her job at all, and the technology available in this product is far superior to most companies' internal simulation software. It is also much less expensive ($89.95 versus hundreds or even thousands of dollars) than off-the-shelf packages available from independent software companies servicing the oil and gas industry. It is, however, just as, or more accurate than these overpriced competitors, having been created by a high-profile industry expert and having been used by engineers in the real world with successful and profitable results.

Author Notes

John R. Fanchi, Ph.D. is a Professor of Petroleum Engineering at the Colorado School of Mines

Preface to Third Edition	p. xvii
About the Author	p. xix
Website - Software	p. xix
1 Introduction to Reservoir Management	p. 1
1.1 Consensus Modeling	p. 3
1.2 Management of Simulation Studies	p. 5
1.3 "Hands-On" Simulation	p. 8
1.4 Outline of the Text	p. 10
Exercises	p. 10
Part I Reservoir Engineering Primer
2 Basic Reservoir Analysis	p. 13
2.1 Volumetrics	p. 13
2.2 IFLO Volumetrics	p. 15
2.3 Material Balance	p. 16
2.4 Decline Curve Analysis	p. 21
2.5 IFLO Application: Depletion of a Gas Reservoir	p. 22
Exercises	p. 24
3 Multiphase Flow Concepts	p. 27
3.1 Basic Concepts	p. 27
3.2 Capillary Pressure	p. 30
3.3 Relative Permeability	p. 37
3.4 Mobility and Fractional Flow	p. 38
3.5 Flow Concepts in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs	p. 44
Exercises	p. 48
4 Fluid Displacement	p. 51
4.1 Buckley-Leverett Theory	p. 51
4.2 Welge's Method	p. 55
4.3 Miscible Displacement	p. 57
4.4 Viscous Fingering	p. 59
4.5 IFLO Application: Buckley-Leverett Displacement	p. 60
Exercises	p. 62
5 Frontal Stability	p. 65
5.1 Frontal Advance Neglecting Gravity	p. 65
5.2 Frontal Advance Including Gravity	p. 68
5.3 Linear Stability Analysis	p. 70
5.4 IFLO Application: Frontal Advance in a Dipping Reservoir	p. 72
Exercises	p. 75
6 Pattern Floods	p. 78
6.1 Recovery Efficiency	p. 78
6.2 Patterns and Spacing	p. 81
6.3 Advances in Drilling Technology	p. 84
6.4 Pattern Recovery	p. 86
6.5 IFLO Application: Five-Spot Waterflood	p. 88
6.6 IFLO Application: Line-Drive Waterflood in a Naturally Fractured Reservoir	p. 91
Exercises	p. 93
7 Recovery of Subsurface Resources	p. 97
7.1 Production Stages	p. 97
7.2 Enhanced Oil Recovery	p. 102
7.3 Unconventional Fossil Fuels	p. 105
7.4 IFLO Coal Gas Model	p. 110
7.5 IFLO Application: Coal Gas Production from a Fruitland Coal	p. 111
Exercises	p. 114
8 Economics and the Environment	p. 117
8.1 Society of Petroleum Engineers and World Petroleum Congress Reserves	p. 117
8.2 Basic Economic Concepts	p. 119
8.3 Investment Decision Analysis	p. 125
8.4 Environmental Impact	p. 128
8.5 IFLO Application: CO[subscript 2] Sequestration in a Mature Oil Field	p. 134
Exercises	p. 137
Part II Reservoir Simulation
9 Multiphase Fluid Flow Equations	p. 141
9.1 The Continuity Equation	p. 141
9.2 Conservation Laws	p. 143
9.3 Flow Equations for Black Oil Simulation	p. 144
9.4 Flow Equations for Compositional Simulation	p. 149
9.5 Flow Equations for IFLO	p. 151
9.6 Simulator Selection and Ockham's Razor	p. 154
9.7 IFLO Application: Gas Injection into a Light Oil Reservoir	p. 158
Exercises	p. 159
10 Fundamentals of Reservoir Simulation	p. 162
10.1 Simulator Solution Procedures	p. 162
10.2 Numerical Dispersion	p. 166
10.3 IFLO Solution Procedure	p. 168
10.4 IFLO Transmissibility	p. 171
10.5 IFLO Well Model	p. 173
10.6 IFLO Application: Throughput in a Naturally Fractured Reservoir Model	p. 181
Exercises	p. 184
11 Overview of the Modeling Process	p. 187
11.1 Prerequisites	p. 187
11.2 Major Elements of a Reservoir Simulation Study	p. 188
11.3 Reservoir Management Modeling System	p. 190
11.4 Wellbore Modeling	p. 192
11.5 Wellbore-Reservoir Coupling	p. 202
11.6 Reservoir-Aquifer Model	p. 205
Exercises	p. 207
12 Conceptual Reservoir Scales	p. 210
12.1 Reservoir Sampling and Scales	p. 210
12.2 Reservoir Geophysics	p. 213
12.3 Correlating Reservoir Properties to Seismic Data	p. 220
12.4 IFLO Petrophysical Model	p. 223
12.5 IFLO Application: Scheduling Time-Lapse Seismic Surveys	p. 228
Exercises	p. 230
13 Flow Units	p. 233
13.1 Well Log Data	p. 233
13.2 Pressure Transient Test Data	p. 237
13.3 Pressure Correction	p. 242
13.4 Integrating Scales: The Flow Unit	p. 244
13.5 IFLO Application: Valley Fill Waterflood	p. 248
Exercises	p. 250
14 Rock Properties	p. 255
14.1 Porosity	p. 255
14.2 Permeability	p. 257
14.3 Porosity-Permeability Models	p. 263
14.4 Permeability-Porosity-Fluid Pressure Relationships	p. 267
14.5 IFLO Geomechanical Model	p. 268
14.6 IFLO Application: Geomechanics and Compaction	p. 270
Exercises	p. 278
15 Distributing Rock Properties	p. 282
15.1 Types of Flow Models	p. 282
15.2 Traditional Mapping	p. 284
15.3 Computer Generated Mapping	p. 285
15.4 Geostatistics and Kriging	p. 289
15.5 Geostatistical Case Study	p. 297
Exercises	p. 300
16 Fluid Properties	p. 304
16.1 Fluid Types	p. 304
16.2 Fluid Modeling	p. 309
16.3 Fluid Sampling	p. 313
16.4 IFLO Fluid Model	p. 314
16.5 Rock-Fluid Interaction	p. 316
Exercises	p. 324
17 Model Initialization	p. 327
17.1 Grid Definition	p. 327
17.2 Grid Orientation Effect	p. 334
17.3 IFLO Initialization Model	p. 337
17.4 Case Study: Introduction	p. 341
Exercises	p. 349
18 History Matching	p. 351
18.1 Data Preparation	p. 351
18.2 Illustrative History Matching Strategies	p. 354
18.3 Key History Matching Parameters	p. 357
18.4 Evaluating the History Match	p. 359
18.5 Case Study: Data Analysis and Grid Preparation	p. 362
Exercises	p. 371
19 Predictions	p. 373
19.1 Prediction Process	p. 373
19.2 Sensitivity Analyses	p. 374
19.3 Prediction Capabilities	p. 376
19.4 Validity of Model Predictions	p. 378
19.5 Case Study: History Match and Prediction	p. 379
Exercises	p. 386
Part III IFLO User's Manual
20 Introduction to IFLO	p. 388
20.1 Input Data File	p. 388
20.2 IFLO Execution	p. 389
20.3 IFLO Output Files	p. 389
21 Initialization Data	p. 393
21.1 Model Dimensions and Geometry	p. 394
21.2 Porosity and Permeability Distributions	p. 401
21.3 Rock Region Information	p. 406
21.4 Modifications to Pore Volumes and Transmissibilities	p. 411
21.5 Reservoir Geophysical Parameters	p. 414
21.6 Fluid PVT Tables	p. 424
21.7 Miscible Solvent Data	p. 429
21.8 Pressure and Saturation Initialization	p. 435
21.9 Run Control Parameters	p. 438
21.10 Analytic Aquifer Models	p. 442
21.11 Coal Gas Model	p. 443
22 Recurrent Data	p. 446
22.1 Timestep and Output Control	p. 446
22.2 Well Information	p. 450
Appendix A Unit Conversion Factors	p. 461
Appendix B Example IFLO Input Data Set	p. 464
References	p. 470
Index	p. 500

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Summary

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Author Notes

Table of Contents