Fundamentals of Java programming companion guide

The Official Companion Guide of the Cisco Networking Academy Program's Fundamentals of Java Programming course maps directly to the Cisco Networking Academy Program's web-based course and prepares students for the Sun Certified Programmer for Java 2 Platform exam.

Author Notes

The Cisco Systems Worldwide Education curriculum development team in Phoenix is the developer of the Cisco Networking Academy Program online curriculum, and is the co-developer of this book, with Aries Technology, Inc. Aries is a multimedia curriculum development company located in Tempe, Arizona who has been working with WWE in developing the online curriculum. Aries education products and information can be viewed at www.aries.net

Introduction	p. xxv
Chapter 1 What Is Java?	p. 3
Computer Basics	p. 3
Brief History of Computers	p. 4
Brief Future Sketch of Computers	p. 9
Pervasive Nature of Computers and Computing in Today's Society	p. 11
Types of Computing and the Role of Computer Languages in These Areas	p. 12
Hardware	p. 13
Software	p. 14
Applications	p. 17
Operating Systems	p. 17
What Is a Programming Language?	p. 20
Definition of a Programming Language	p. 20
Switches, Ones, and Zeros	p. 21
Early Programming Languages	p. 22
High-Level Languages	p. 23
Object-Oriented Programming	p. 24
Procedural Versus Object-Oriented	p. 25
Basic Language Elements	p. 26
Differences Among Languages	p. 28
What Is Java?	p. 30
Historical Background of Java	p. 30
History of Java: Timeline	p. 32
History of Java: Key People	p. 33
Use of Java as a Programming Language	p. 33
Java and the World Wide Web	p. 37
Why Learn Java?	p. 38
Java Environment Basics	p. 39
Understanding the Java Virtual Machine	p. 40
How Java Programs Work on the Computer	p. 42
Java Program	p. 44
Organizing Resources to Create a Java Program	p. 44
Understanding the Java 2 Software Development Kit	p. 45
Understanding the Elements of a Simple Java Program	p. 46
Three Steps to Creating and Executing a Java Program	p. 48
Entering Data at Runtime for the Java Program	p. 49
Modifying the HelloStudent Program to Accept Input at Runtime	p. 49
Understanding Programming Error Messages	p. 52
Types of Errors in Programs	p. 52
Editing a Java Program for Compiler Errors	p. 53
Editing a Java Program for Runtime Errors	p. 57
Understanding Integrated Development Environments	p. 58
What Is an IDE?	p. 58
Examples of IDEs	p. 60
Basic Editing with the BlueJ IDE	p. 61
BlueJ Tutorial	p. 62
Case Study: JBANK, a Banking Application	p. 63
Summary	p. 64
Syntax Summary	p. 65
Resources	p. 65
Key Terms	p. 67
Check Your Understanding	p. 68
Chapter 2 Object-Oriented Programming	p. 73
Overview of Object-Oriented Programming	p. 73
Procedural Versus Object-Oriented Languages	p. 73
Basic Java Terminology	p. 75
What Are Objects?	p. 76
Introduction to Objects	p. 77
Classification of Objects	p. 79
Identification of Objects	p. 81
Definition of Object Classes	p. 82
Creation of Objects	p. 84
Operation on Objects	p. 85
Encapsulation	p. 88
Object Relationships	p. 90
Inheritance	p. 92
Object Mutability and Destruction	p. 94
Describing Objects	p. 95
Modeling Languages and Symbols	p. 95
Basic Class Symbol	p. 98
Additional Types of UML Diagrams	p. 100
Object Terminology Applied to a Java Program	p. 106
Class Definition	p. 106
Creating Objects	p. 107
Object Methods	p. 109
Introduction to java.lang.System Class	p. 111
System Class	p. 111
Case Study: JBANK Application	p. 113
Defining and Modeling the JBANK Application	p. 113
The JavaZOO	p. 114
Overview of the JavaZOO	p. 114
Objects	p. 115
Data Types	p. 119
The main Method	p. 120
Instantiation	p. 122
Methods	p. 124
Encapsulation	p. 128
The Dot Operator	p. 136
Get Methods	p. 137
Value-Returning Methods	p. 138
Parameters	p. 141
Set Methods	p. 143
Overloaded Methods	p. 146
Modifying Classes	p. 149
Summary	p. 162
Syntax Summary	p. 163
Resources	p. 163
Key Terms	p. 165
Check Your Understanding	p. 166
Chapter 3 Java Language Elements	p. 173
Documentation	p. 174
Purpose of Documentation	p. 174
An Overview of Pseudocoding	p. 176
Guidelines for Documenting Classes	p. 176
Historical Origins of the Three Kinds of Comments Used in Java	p. 178
Javadoc Parameters	p. 179
Java Language API Online Documentation	p. 182
Generating API Docs for Classes Using the Javadoc Tool	p. 188
Case Study: JBANK Application	p. 190
Java Language Elements	p. 191
Review of Symbols	p. 192
Keywords	p. 193
Identifiers	p. 198
Use of Braces, Semicolons, Commas, and Whitespace	p. 200
The Where and When of Data Storage	p. 202
Data Storage Introduction	p. 202
Stack, Heap, Static, and Constant Storage	p. 203
Variables and Storage Locations for Data	p. 207
Concept of Data Types	p. 208
Java Language Types	p. 209
Java Primitives and Storage Requirements	p. 210
Java References	p. 214
Object Data (Instance)	p. 216
Class Data (static)	p. 220
Method Data (Local)	p. 222
Constants	p. 226
Syntax	p. 227
Variables	p. 227
Class	p. 230
Method	p. 232
Constructors	p. 235
Modifiers (public, private, protected, default, static, final)	p. 237
Object Creation, Mutability, and Destruction	p. 239
Object Creation: Constructors	p. 239
Object Creation by Another Class	p. 242
Mutability	p. 244
Garbage Collection	p. 245
Finalizers	p. 247
Case Study: JBANK Application	p. 247
JBANK Application	p. 248
Summary	p. 249
Syntax Summary	p. 251
Resources	p. 252
Key Terms	p. 253
Check Your Understanding	p. 255
Chapter 4 Java Language Operators and Control Structures	p. 261
Object Operations	p. 261
Object Operators	p. 262
Numeric Data and Operations	p. 264
Assignment Operators	p. 265
Arithmetic Operators	p. 267
Precedence of Operators	p. 270
Associative Properties of Operators	p. 271
Arithmetic Calculations	p. 272
Boolean Data	p. 276
Comparison and Logical Operators	p. 277
Conditional Operator	p. 282
Bitwise Operators	p. 284
Concepts of Casting and Conversion	p. 285
Casting and Conversion	p. 285
Character and String Data	p. 287
Character Data Type	p. 288
Introduction to String and StringBuffer Class	p. 288
Control Structures	p. 290
Decision Making and Repetition	p. 291
Logic	p. 292
if Statement	p. 293
Multiple-Condition if	p. 297
Nested if	p. 299
switch Statements	p. 302
Loop	p. 307
do while Statement	p. 307
while Statement	p. 308
for Statement	p. 309
Use of break, continue, and Label	p. 310
Exploring the java.lang.System Class Member in and out	p. 313
The java.lang.System Class	p. 313
Dissecting Sample Code	p. 315
Sample Code Using Operators and Control Structures	p. 315
Summary	p. 321
Syntax Summary	p. 322
Key Terms	p. 325
Check Your Understanding	p. 327
Chapter 5 Basics of Defining and Using Classes	p. 333
Review	p. 333
A Review of Class and Object Definitions	p. 334
Four Steps to Creating Objects	p. 335
Designing Classes	p. 335
Define a Class	p. 337
Create an Object	p. 350
Using the Object	p. 354
Attributes (Class and Instance)	p. 359
Overview	p. 360
Variables	p. 363
Instance Variables	p. 366
Class Data and Static Variables	p. 369
Immutability	p. 372
Encapsulation	p. 375
The Concept of Encapsulation	p. 375
Access Modifiers	p. 376
Constructors	p. 379
The Constructor Process	p. 379
Default Constructor	p. 383
Defined Constructor	p. 384
Method Types and Syntax	p. 385
Method Syntax	p. 385
Method Body	p. 387
Method Name	p. 389
Return Value	p. 390
Method Arguments	p. 396
Concept of Pass-by-Value	p. 397
main Method	p. 402
Instance Methods	p. 404
Class Methods	p. 407
The Variable this	p. 408
Using this in Constructors and Methods	p. 408
Method Data and Encapsulation	p. 411
Data Sources	p. 411
Implementing Encapsulation Using Methods	p. 413
Overloading	p. 416
Overloading Methods	p. 417
Overloading Constructors	p. 419
Java Type Lifespan	p. 423
Initializing Data	p. 423
Scope of Variables	p. 428
Lifetime of an Object	p. 431
Mutability of an Object	p. 436
Destruction of an Object	p. 438
Finalizers	p. 440
Case Study: JBANK Application	p. 442
The JBANK Application	p. 443
Summary	p. 444
Syntax Summary	p. 445
Key Terms	p. 448
Check Your Understanding	p. 450
Chapter 6 System, String, StringBuffer, Math, and Wrapper Classes	p. 457
System Class	p. 457
Use of the System Class for Input and Output	p. 457
Input Using System.in	p. 460
Output Using System.out	p. 467
String Class	p. 469
Creating String Objects	p. 469
String Methods	p. 472
Casting and Conversion	p. 475
StringBuffer Class	p. 481
Methods	p. 481
Input Selection and Repetition Using the Console Class	p. 483
The Console Class	p. 483
Wrapper Classes	p. 488
Introduction to Wrapper Classes	p. 488
Wrapper Classes and Their Associated Methods	p. 490
Math Class	p. 496
Static Methods	p. 497
math Package	p. 498
Storing Numeric Data in Objects	p. 498
Working with Dates and Random Numbers	p. 504
Creating Dates	p. 504
Setting Dates	p. 507
Formatting Dates	p. 508
Random Numbers	p. 511
Case Study: JBANK Application	p. 515
The JBANK Application	p. 515
Summary	p. 517
Syntax Summary	p. 517
Key Terms	p. 521
Check Your Understanding	p. 522
Chapter 7 Arrays	p. 529
Introduction	p. 529
Arrays	p. 529
Introduction to Arrays	p. 530
Variables in Arrays	p. 531
Index	p. 533
Array Elements	p. 534
Arrays of Primitives	p. 535
Arrays of Objects	p. 537
Declaring and Initializing Arrays	p. 538
Declaring Arrays	p. 538
Using Subscripts to Access Elements of an Array	p. 542
Initializing Arrays	p. 543
Array of Primitives	p. 543
Array of Objects	p. 546
Initializer Blocks	p. 548
Using Arrays	p. 550
Accessing Array Elements	p. 551
Passing an Array to a Method	p. 555
Using Parallel Arrays	p. 557
Searching and Sorting an Array	p. 558
Reusing an Array	p. 567
Multidimensional Arrays	p. 568
Initializing Multidimensional Array Objects	p. 568
Traversing a Multidimensional Array	p. 570
Case Study: JBANK Application	p. 574
Using an Array Within the JBANK	p. 575
Summary	p. 576
Syntax Summary	p. 576
Key Terms	p. 578
Check Your Understanding	p. 579
Chapter 8 Classes and Inheritance	p. 585
Inheritance and Object-Oriented Programming	p. 586
Inheritance	p. 586
Abstraction	p. 588
The Problem of Multiple Inheritance	p. 591
Java Language Support for Inheritance	p. 594
Java Language Keywords in Inheritance	p. 594
Object Class	p. 595
Access Modifiers and Inheritance	p. 597
Role of Access Modifiers in Inheritance	p. 597
Overriding	p. 600
Method Overriding	p. 601
Overriding of Object Class Methods	p. 602
Overloading versus Overriding	p. 607
Use of this and super	p. 609
Accessing Parent and Subclass Methods and Data	p. 609
Inheritance and Constructors	p. 612
Handling Constructors in Inheritance	p. 612
Extending Classes	p. 616
Abstract Classes	p. 616
Use of final in Inheritance	p. 619
Interfaces	p. 621
What and Why of Interfaces	p. 621
Implementing Interfaces	p. 623
Polymorphism, Dynamic Binding, and Virtual Method Invocation	p. 624
Polymorphism	p. 624
Virtual Method Invocation or Dynamic Method Binding	p. 626
Case Study: JBANK Application	p. 627
The JBANK Application	p. 627
Summary	p. 628
Syntax Summary	p. 629
Key Terms	p. 633
Check Your Understanding	p. 634
Chapter 9 Understanding Packages	p. 641
Java Packages	p. 641
A Collection of Classes	p. 642
Class Loading and How it Works	p. 643
Locating Explicit Package Declarations	p. 648
Packages and Names in Programs	p. 653
Three Effects of Packages on Object-Oriented Design	p. 653
Packaging Classes	p. 654
Accessing Packages	p. 659
Accessing Packages	p. 659
Case Study: Banking Application, Building Packages	p. 660
Exploring the API Packages	p. 661
Creating a Banking Package	p. 665
Using AWT	p. 665
Understanding the Model View Controller Program	p. 666
Applying Inheritance Concepts	p. 671
AWT Hierarchy	p. 674
Case Study: JBANK Application	p. 676
JBANK GUI	p. 676
Summary	p. 677
Syntax Summary	p. 678
Key Terms	p. 679
Check Your Understanding	p. 680
Chapter 10 Creating GUIs Using AWT	p. 685
Overview	p. 685
Reviewing AWT	p. 686
The AWT Classes	p. 686
Steps to Create a GUI	p. 691
Designing the Class	p. 692
Creating the Components	p. 693
Selecting Containers	p. 700
Using Layout Managers	p. 705
Sizing Components and Containers	p. 713
Displaying the GUI	p. 714
GUI Functionality	p. 714
Event-Delegation Model	p. 714
Event Objects	p. 716
Listener Classes	p. 718
Adapter Classes	p. 722
Inner Classes	p. 724
Anonymous Classes	p. 729
Study: Banking Application	p. 732
Banking Application	p. 732
Summary	p. 733
Key Terms	p. 735
Check Your Understanding	p. 736
Chapter 11 Applets and Graphics	p. 743
Applets	p. 743
Defining Applets	p. 744
Launching Applets	p. 744
Applets and Security	p. 755
Embedding a Java Applet	p. 755
Creating an Applet	p. 757
Creating an Applet	p. 758
Applet Class Hierarchies	p. 759
Class Hierarchies	p. 759
Applet Methods	p. 760
Applet Inherited Methods	p. 761
Applet Life Cycle Methods	p. 763
GUI Components in Applets	p. 765
GUI Components	p. 765
Color	p. 768
Font	p. 769
Other Applet Methods	p. 772
Applets and Event-Driven Programming	p. 776
Event-Driven Programming	p. 777
Graphic Objects	p. 780
Creating Graphic Objects	p. 780
Painting and Repainting Graphics	p. 784
Case Study: Banking Application	p. 786
Applying Concepts to the Banking Application	p. 786
Summary	p. 787
Syntax Summary	p. 787
Key Terms	p. 789
Check Your Understanding	p. 791
Chapter 12 Exceptions	p. 797
Idea Behind Exceptions	p. 797
The Limitations of Traditional Methods of Exception Handling	p. 797
Error Handling in the Java Platform	p. 798
Types of Exceptions	p. 803
Types of Errors	p. 803
How Exception Handling Works	p. 804
Throwing and Handling Exception Objects	p. 804
Exception Objects	p. 806
Class Throwable	p. 806
Exception and Its Subclasses	p. 811
RuntimeException Class	p. 813
Fatal Errors	p. 813
Dealing with Exceptions	p. 814
Advertising Exceptions	p. 814
Handle and Declare	p. 815
Using the try/catch Block	p. 818
Specifying Exceptions	p. 820
Catching Multiple Exceptions	p. 823
The finally Block	p. 829
Exception Objects	p. 834
Creating an Exception Class	p. 834
Using User-Defined Exceptions	p. 836
Handling User-Defined Exceptions	p. 838
Structuring a Method and the Execution Sequence	p. 841
The Order of Exception Blocks	p. 841
Execution Sequence	p. 842
Execution When an Exception Is Thrown	p. 843
Execution When an Exception Is Not Caught	p. 845
Nested try Blocks	p. 846
Rethrowing Exceptions	p. 847
Overriding and Exceptions	p. 849
Rules for Overriding Methods	p. 849
Case Study: JBANK Banking Application	p. 852
Applying Concepts to the Banking Application	p. 852
Syntax Summary	p. 853
Summary	p. 855
Key Terms	p. 856
Check Your Understanding	p. 858
Chapter 13 Files, Streams, Input, and Output	p. 865
Understanding Files	p. 866
File Class	p. 866
RandomAccessFile Class	p. 873
Input and Output Classes	p. 878
I/O Class Hierarchy	p. 878
Understanding Streams	p. 880
Low-Level and High-Level Streams	p. 883
Instruction for Input and Output Operations	p. 894
I/O Operations	p. 894
Storing Objects in a File	p. 898
Serialization	p. 898
Writing and Reading Objects	p. 901
Case Study: Banking Application	p. 903
Applying Concepts to the Banking Application	p. 903
Summary	p. 904
Syntax Summary	p. 905
Key Terms	p. 906
Check Your Understanding	p. 907
Chapter 14 Collections	p. 913
The java.util Package	p. 913
The java.util Package	p. 914
Collections	p. 917
Understanding Collections	p. 917
Collection Storage Techniques	p. 918
Properties of Collections	p. 921
Types of Collections	p. 922
The Collections Framework	p. 925
Overview	p. 925
Collection Interfaces	p. 926
Collection Classes	p. 928
Set Objects	p. 930
List Objects	p. 934
Map Objects	p. 939
Iterators	p. 947
Sorting and Shuffling List Objects	p. 951
Case Study JBANK Application	p. 954
The JBANK Application	p. 955
Summary	p. 956
Syntax Summary	p. 956
Key Terms	p. 962
Check Your Understanding	p. 963
Threads	p. 969
Threads and Multithreading	p. 969
Understanding Threads and Multithreading	p. 970
Multiprocessing	p. 974
The Thread Class and the Runnable Interface	p. 975
Thread Class	p. 975
Runnable Interface	p. 976
Thread Class Methods	p. 976
Creating and Running Threads	p. 977
The run() Method	p. 977
Running Threads	p. 980
The Life Cycle of a Thread	p. 982
Thread States	p. 983
Managing Threads	p. 984
Blocked State	p. 984
Thread Scheduling	p. 987
Stopping Threads	p. 990
Synchronization and Deadlocks	p. 992
Communication Between Threads	p. 996
Table of Thread Control Methods	p. 998
Summary	p. 999
Syntax Summary	p. 1000
Key Terms	p. 1002
Check Your Understanding	p. 1004
Appendix A Glossary of Key Terms	p. 1009
Appendix B Check Your Understanding Answer Key	p. 1037
Appendix C Fundamentals of Java Programming and the College Board	p. 1051
Appendix D Operator Precedence Chart	p. 1073
Appendix E ASCII Character Set	p. 1077
Index	p. 1081

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