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Summary
Summary
Look for statistics courses found within Economics, Business, Marketing, or statistics departments that are required for the Economics or Business major. Newbolds strength has been its unerring accuracy and statistical precision. It is also at a mathematically higher level than most business statistics texts. The new edition focuses on maintaining the statistical integrity of past editions while modernizing the text by integrating the use of statistical software, adding new examples and exercises (many with real data), and an emphasis on data analysis and interpretation of output. The new edition features both Excel and Minitab. *NEW-Emphasis on data analysis, use of software, and the interpretation of the computer output-The role of computers and statistical software has been thoroughly integrated in the text with an emphasis on interpreting computer output and data analysis. Within the chapters you will now find coverage of Minitab, Microsoft Excel and Prentice Halls PHStat, our statistical add-in for Excel. *NEW-Earlier introduction of key topics-Includes: introduction of statistical thinking (Ch. 1), introduction of processes and systems (Ch. 1), and coverage of bivariate data,
Author Notes
Bill Carlson is Professor of Economics and Department Chair of the Economics Department at St Olaf College, where he has taught for 29 years. His education includes engineering degrees from Michigan Technological University (BS) and Illinois Institute of Technology (MS) and a Ph.D. in Quantitative Management from the University of Michigan. His research includes numerous studies related to highway safety, management problems, and statistical education. He has previously published two statistics textbooks. He has led numerous student groups to study in various countries. He enjoys grandchildren, woodworking, travel, reading, and being on assignment in northern Wisconsin.
Betty Thorne. Author, researcher and award-winning teacher, Betty Thorne is Professor and Chair of the Department of Decision and Information Sciences in the School of Business Administration at Stetson University in DeLand, Florida. Winner of Stetson University's McEniry Award for Excellence in Teaching, the highest honor given to a Stetson University faculty member, Dr. Thorne also is the recipient of the Outstanding Teacher of the Year Award and Professor of the Year Award in the School of Business Administration at Stetson. She received her Bachelor of Science degree from Geneva College and the Master of Arts and Ph.D. degrees from Indiana University. She co-authored Applied Statistical Methods for Business, Economics and the Social Sciences (Prentice Hall, 1997) with Bill Carlson. Dr. Thorne is a member of the planning committee and serves as Secretary/Treasurer of the Making Statistics More Effective in Schools and Business conferences where she meets annually with fellow statisticians to discuss research and teaching issues. She also is a member of Decision Sciences Institute, the American Society for Quality, and the American Statistical Association.
She and her husband, Jim, have four children. They travel extensively, enjoy cruising, attend theological classes, and participate in international organizations dedicated to helping disadvantaged children.
Table of Contents
Preface | p. xiii |
Chapter 1 Why Study Statistics? | p. 1 |
1.1 Decision Making in an Uncertain Environment | p. 2 |
1.2 Statistical Thinking | p. 5 |
1.3 Journey to Making Decisions | p. 7 |
Chapter 2 Describing Data | p. 11 |
2.1 Classification of Variables | p. 12 |
2.2 Tables and Graphs for Numerical Data | p. 14 |
2.3 Tables and Graphs for Categorical Variables | p. 23 |
2.4 Measures of Central Tendency | p. 31 |
2.5 Measures of Variability | p. 38 |
2.6 Numerical Summary of Grouped Data | p. 47 |
Chapter 3 Summarizing Descriptive Relationships | p. 55 |
3.1 Scatter Plots | p. 56 |
3.2 Covariance and Correlation Coefficient | p. 60 |
3.3 Obtaining Linear Relationships | p. 65 |
3.4 Cross Tables | p. 70 |
Chapter 4 Probability | p. 79 |
4.1 Random Experiment, Outcomes, Events | p. 80 |
4.2 Probability and Its Postulates | p. 88 |
4.3 Probability Rules | p. 96 |
4.4 Bivariate Probabilities | p. 106 |
4.5 Bayes' Theorem | p. 116 |
Chapter 5 Discrete Random Variables and Probability Distributions | p. 129 |
5.1 Random Variables | p. 130 |
5.2 Probability Distributions for Discrete Random Variables | p. 132 |
5.3 Descriptive Measures for Discrete Random Variables | p. 134 |
5.4 Binomial Distribution | p. 144 |
5.5 Hypergeometric Distribution | p. 153 |
5.6 The Poisson Probability Distribution | p. 156 |
5.7 Jointly Distributed Discrete Random Variables | p. 160 |
Chapter 6 Continuous Random Variables and Probability Distributions | p. 179 |
6.1 Continuous Random Variables | p. 180 |
6.2 Expectations for Continuous Random Variables | p. 184 |
6.3 The Normal Distribution | p. 187 |
6.4 Normal Distribution Approximation for Binomial Distribution | p. 199 |
6.5 The Exponential Distribution | p. 204 |
6.6 Jointly Distributed Continuous Random Variables | p. 206 |
Chapter 7 Sampling and Sampling Distributions | p. 217 |
7.1 Sampling from a Population | p. 218 |
7.2 Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean | p. 221 |
7.3 Sampling Distribution of a Sample Proportion | p. 235 |
7.4 Sampling Distribution of the Sample Variance | p. 240 |
Chapter 8 Estimation | p. 255 |
8.1 Point Estimators | p. 256 |
8.2 Confidence Intervals for the Mean of a Normal Distribution: Population Variance Known | p. 261 |
8.3 Confidence Intervals for the Mean of a Normal Distribution: Population Variance Unknown | p. 269 |
8.4 Confidence Intervals for Population Proportion (Large Samples) | p. 275 |
8.5 Confidence Intervals for Variance of a Normal Distribution | p. 280 |
8.6 Confidence Intervals for the Difference Between Means of Two Normal Populations | p. 283 |
8.7 Confidence Intervals for the Difference Between Two Population Proportions (Large Samples) | p. 293 |
8.8 Sample Size Determination | p. 296 |
Chapter 9 Hypothesis Testing | p. 305 |
9.1 Concepts of Hypothesis Testing | p. 306 |
9.2 Tests of the Mean of a Normal Distribution: Population Variance Known | p. 312 |
9.3 Tests of the Mean of a Normal Distribution: Population Variance Unknown | p. 323 |
9.4 Tests for the Population Proportion (Large Samples) | p. 327 |
9.5 Tests of the Variance of a Normal Distribution | p. 330 |
9.6 Tests for the Difference Between Two Population Means | p. 334 |
9.7 Tests for the Difference Between Two Population Proportions (Large Samples) | p. 346 |
9.8 Testing of the Equality of the Variances Between Two Normally Distributed Populations | p. 350 |
9.9 Assessing the Power of a Test | p. 354 |
9.10 Some Comments on Hypothesis Testing | p. 361 |
Chapter 10 Simple Regression | p. 369 |
10.1 Correlation Analysis | p. 370 |
10.2 Linear Regression Model | p. 374 |
10.3 Least Squares Coefficient Estimators | p. 379 |
10.4 The Explanatory Power of a Linear Regression Equation | p. 384 |
10.5 Statistical Inference: Hypothesis Tests and Confidence Intervals | p. 390 |
10.6 Prediction | p. 398 |
10.7 Graphical Analysis | p. 404 |
Chapter 11 Multiple Regression | p. 413 |
11.1 The Multiple Regression Model | p. 414 |
11.2 Estimation of Coefficients | p. 421 |
11.3 Explanatory Power of a Multiple Regression Equation | p. 426 |
11.4 Confidence Intervals and Hypothesis Tests for Individual Regression Coefficients | p. 432 |
11.5 Tests on Sets of Regression Parameters | p. 443 |
11.6 Prediction | p. 448 |
11.7 Transformations for Nonlinear Regression Models | p. 450 |
11.8 Dummy Variables for Regression Models | p. 459 |
11.9 Multiple Regression Analysis Application Procedure | p. 466 |
Chapter 12 Additional Topics in Regression Analysis | p. 485 |
12.1 Model-Building Methodology | p. 486 |
12.2 Dummy Variables and Experimental Design | p. 489 |
12.3 Lagged Values of the Dependent Variables as Regressors | p. 497 |
12.4 Specification Bias | p. 502 |
12.5 Multicollinearity | p. 505 |
12.6 Heteroscedasticity | p. 508 |
12.7 Autocorrelated Errors | p. 513 |
Chapter 13 Nonparametric Statistics | p. 531 |
13.1 Sign Test and Confidence Interval | p. 532 |
13.2 Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test | p. 539 |
13.3 Mann-Whitney U Test | p. 543 |
13.4 Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test | p. 547 |
13.5 Spearman Rank Correlation | p. 551 |
Chapter 14 Goodness-of-Fit Tests and Contingency Tables | p. 557 |
14.1 Goodness-of-Fit Tests: Specified Probabilities | p. 558 |
14.2 Goodness-of-Fit Tests: Population Parameters Unknown | p. 562 |
14.3 Contingency Tables | p. 566 |
Chapter 15 Analysis of Variance | p. 579 |
15.1 Comparison of Several Population Means | p. 580 |
15.2 One-Way Analysis of Variance | p. 582 |
15.3 The Kruskal-Wallis Test | p. 594 |
15.4 Two-Way Analysis of Variance: One Observation per Cell, Randomized Blocks | p. 596 |
15.5 Two-Way Analysis of Variance: More Than One Observation per Cell | p. 606 |
Chapter 16 Introduction to Quality | p. 621 |
16.1 The Importance of Quality | p. 622 |
16.2 Control Charts for Means and Standard Deviations | p. 626 |
16.3 Process Capability | p. 636 |
16.4 Control Chart for Proportions | p. 638 |
16.5 Control Charts for Number of Occurrences | p. 642 |
16.6 Computer Applications | p. 645 |
Chapter 17 Time Series Analysis and Forecasting | p. 655 |
17.1 Index Numbers | p. 657 |
17.2 A Nonparametric Test for Randomness | p. 665 |
17.3 Components of a Time Series | p. 668 |
17.4 Moving Averages | p. 671 |
17.5 Exponential Smoothing | p. 679 |
17.6 Autoregressive Models | p. 690 |
17.7 Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Models | p. 696 |
Chapter 18 Additional Topics in Sampling | p. 699 |
18.1 Basic Steps of a Sampling Study | p. 700 |
18.2 Sampling and Nonsampling Errors | p. 705 |
18.3 Simple Random Sampling | p. 706 |
18.4 Stratified Sampling | p. 712 |
18.5 Determining Sample Size | p. 723 |
18.6 Other Sampling Methods | p. 728 |
Chapter 19 Statistical Decision Theory | p. 739 |
19.1 Decision Making Under Uncertainty | p. 740 |
19.2 Solutions Not Involving Specification of Probabilities: Maximin Criterion, Minimax Regret Criterion | p. 743 |
19.3 Expected Monetary Value: TreePlan | p. 748 |
19.4 Sample Information: Bayesian Analysis and Value | p. 758 |
19.5 Allowing for Risk: Utility Analysis | p. 771 |
Appendix Tables | |
1. Cumulative Distribution Function of the Standard Normal Distribution | p. 780 |
2. Probability Function of the Binomial Distribution | p. 782 |
3. Cumulative Binomial Probabilities | p. 787 |
4. Values of e-[superscript lambda] | p. 792 |
5. Individual Poisson Probabilities | p. 793 |
6. Cumulative Poisson Probabilities | p. 801 |
7. Cutoff Points of the Chi-Square Distribution Function | p. 810 |
8. Cutoff Points for the Student's t Distribution | p. 811 |
9. Cutoff Points for the F Distribution | p. 812 |
10. Cutoff Points for the Distribution of the Wilcoxon Test Statistic | p. 814 |
11. Cutoff Points for the Distribution of Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient | p. 815 |
12. Cutoff Points for the Distribution of the Durbin-Watson Test Statistic | p. 816 |
13. Factors for Control Charts | p. 818 |
14. Cumulative Distribution Function of the Runs Test Statistic | p. 819 |
Answers to Selected Even-Numbered Exercises | p. 821 |
Index | p. 1 |