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Cover image for C++ : how to program
Title:
C++ : how to program
Personal Author:
Edition:
8th ed.
Publication Information:
Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall, c2012
Physical Description:
xxxii, 1069 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
ISBN:
9780132662369
General Note:
Includes index.

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30000010263544 QA76.73 .C153 D45 2012 Open Access Book Book
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Summary

Summary

For Introduction to Programming (CS1) and other more intermediate courses covering programming in C++. Also appropriate as a supplement for upper-level courses where the instructor uses a book as a reference for the C++ language.


This best-selling comprehensive text is aimed at readers with little or no programming experience. It teaches programming by presenting the concepts in the context of full working programs and takes an early-objects approach. The authors emphasize achieving program clarity through structured and object-oriented programming, software reuse and component-oriented software construction. The Eighth Edition encourages students to connect computers to the community, using the Internet to solve problems and make a difference in our world. All content has been carefully fine-tuned in response to a team of distinguished academic and industry reviewers.


Author Notes

Paul J. Deitel , CEO and Chief Technical Officer of Deitel & Associates, Inc., is a graduate of MIT's Sloan School of Management, where he studied Information Technology. He holds the Java Certified Programmer and Java Certified Developer certifications, and has been designated by Sun Microsystems as a Java Champion. Through Deitel & Associates, Inc., he has delivered Java, C, C++, C# and Visual Basic courses to industry clients, including IBM, Sun Microsystems, Dell, Lucent Technologies, Fidelity, NASA at the Kennedy Space Center, the National Severe Storm Laboratory, White Sands Missile Range, Rogue Wave Software, Boeing, Stratus, Cambridge Technology Partners, Open Environment Corporation, One Wave, Hyperion Software, Adra Systems, Entergy, CableData Systems, Nortel Networks, Puma, iRobot, Invensys and many more. He has also lectured on Java and C++ for the Boston Chapter of the Association for Computing Machinery. He and his father, Dr. Harvey M. Deitel, are the world's best-selling programming language textbook authors.


Dr. Harvey M. Deitel , Chairman and Chief Strategy Officer of Deitel & Associates, Inc., has 45 years of academic and industry experience in the computer field. Dr. Deitel earned B.S. and M.S. degrees from the MIT and a Ph.D. from Boston University. He has 20 years of college teaching experience, including earning tenure and serving as the Chairman of the Computer Science Department at Boston College before founding Deitel & Associates, Inc., with his son, Paul J. Deitel. He and Paul are the co-authors of several dozen books and multimedia packages and they are writing many more. With translations published in Japanese, German, Russian, Spanish, Traditional Chinese, Simplified Chinese, Korean, French, Polish, Italian, Portuguese, Greek, Urdu and Turkish, the Deitels' texts have earned international recognition. Dr. Deitel has delivered hundreds of professional seminars to major corporations, academic institutions, government organizations and the military.


Table of Contents

Prefacep. xxi
1 Introduction to Computers and C++p. 1
1.1 Introductionp. 2
1.2 Computers: Hardware and Softwarep. 5
1.3 Data Hierarchyp. 6
1.4 Computer Organizationp. 7
1.5 Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-Level Languagesp. 9
1.6 Introduction to Object Technologyp. 10
1.7 Operating Systemsp. 13
1.8 Programming Languagesp. 15
1.9 C++ and a Typical C++ Development Environmentp. 17
1.10 Test-Driving a C++ Applicationp. 21
1.11 Web 2.0: Going Socialp. 27
1.12 Software Technologiesp. 29
1.13 Future of C++: TR1, the New C++ Standard and the Open Source Boost Librariesp. 31
1.14 Keeping Up-to-Date with Information Technologiesp. 32
1.15 Wrap-Upp. 32
2 Introduction to C++ Programmingp. 37
2.1 Introductionp. 38
2.2 First Program in C++: Printing a Line of Textp. 38
2.3 Modifying Our First C++ Programp. 42
2.4 Another C++ Program: Adding Integersp. 43
2.5 Memory Conceptsp. 47
2.6 Arithmeticp. 48
2.7 Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operatorsp. 51
2.8 Wrap-Upp. 55
3 Introduction to Classes, Objects and Stringsp. 64
3.1 Introductionp. 65
3.2 Defining a Class with a Member Functionp. 65
3.3 Defining a Member Function with a Parameterp. 68
3.4 Data Members, set Functions and get Functionsp. 71
3.5 Initializing Objects with Constructorsp. 77
3.6 Placing a Class in a Separate File for Reusabilityp. 81
3.7 Separating Interface from Implementationp. 84
3.8 Validating Data with set Functionsp. 90
3.9 Wrap-Upp. 95
4 Control Statements: Part1p. 101
4.1 Introductionp. 102
4.2 Algorithmsp. 102
4.3 Pseudocodep. 103
4.4 Control Structuresp. 104
4.5 if Selection Statementp. 107
4.6 if...else Double-Selection Statementp. 108
4.7 while Repetition Statementp. 113
4.8 Formulating Algorithms: Counter-Controlled Repetitionp. 114
4.9 Formulating Algorithms: Sentinel-Controlled Repetitionp. 120
4.10 Formulating Algorithms: Nested Control Statementsp. 130
4.11 Assignment Operatorsp. 134
4.12 Increment and Decrement Operatorsp. 135
4.13 Wrap-Upp. 138
5 Control Statements: Part2p. 152
5.1 Introductionp. 153
5.2 Essentials of Counter-Controlled Repetitionp. 153
5.3 for Repetition Statementp. 155
5.4 Examples Using the for Statementp. 158
5.5 do...while Repetition Statementp. 162
5.6 switch Multiple-Selection Statementp. 164
5.7 break and continue Statementsp. 173
5.8 Logical Operatorsp. 174
5.9 Confusing the Equality (==) and Assignment (=) Operatorsp. 179
5.10 Structured Programming Summaryp. 180
5.11 Wrap-Upp. 185
6 Functions and an Introduction to Recursionp. 194
6.1 Introductionp. 195
6.2 Program Components in C++p. 196
6.3 Math Library Functionsp. 197
6.4 Function Definitions with Multiple Parametersp. 198
6.5 Function Prototypes and Argument Coercionp. 203
6.6 C++ Standard Library Headersp. 205
6.7 Case Study: Random Number Generationp. 207
6.8 Case Study: Game of Chance; Introducing enump. 212
6.9 Storage Classesp. 215
6.10 Scope Rulesp. 218
6.11 Function Call Stack and Activation Recordsp. 221
6.12 Functions with Empty Parameter Listsp. 225
6.13 Inline Functionsp. 225
6.14 References and Reference Parametersp. 227
6.15 Default Argumentsp. 231
6.16 Unary Scope Resolution Operatorp. 232
6.17 Function Overloadingp. 234
6.18 Function Templatesp. 236
6.19 Recursionp. 239
6.20 Example Using Recursion: Fibonacci Seriesp. 242
6.21 Recursion vs. Iterationp. 245
6.22 Wrap-Upp. 248
7 Arrays and Vectorsp. 267
7.1 Introductionp. 268
7.2 Arraysp. 269
7.3 Declaring Arraysp. 270
7.4 Examples Using Arraysp. 271
7.4.1 Declaring an Array and Using a Loop to Initialize the Array's Elementsp. 271
7.4.2 Initializing an Array in a Declaration with an Initializer Listp. 272
7.4.3 Specifying an Array's Size with a Constant Variable and Setting Array Elements with Calculationsp. 273
7.4.4 Summing the Elements of an Arrayp. 275
7.4.5 Using Bar Charts to Display Array Data Graphicallyp. 276
7.4.6 Using the Elements of an Array as Countersp. 277
7.4.7 Using Arrays to Summarize Survey Resultsp. 278
7.4.8 Static Local Arrays and Automatic Local Arraysp. 281
7.5 Passing Arrays to Functionsp. 283
7.6 Case Study: Class GradeBook Using an Array to Store Gradesp. 287
7.7 Searching Arrays with Linear Searchp. 293
7.8 Sorting Arrays with Insertion Sortp. 294
7.9 Multidimensional Arraysp. 297
7.10 Case Study: Class GradeBook Using a Two-Dimensional Arrayp. 300
7.11 Introduction to C++ Standard Library Class Template vectorp. 307
7.12 Wrap-Upp. 313
8 Pointersp. 330
8.1 Introductionp. 331
8.2 Pointer Variable Declarations and Initializationp. 331
8.3 Pointer Operatorsp. 332
8.4 Pass-by-Reference with Pointersp. 335
8.5 Using const with Pointersp. 339
8.6 Selection Sort Using Pass-by-Referencep. 343
8.7 sizeof Operatorp. 347
8.8 Pointer Expressions and Pointer Arithmeticp. 349
8.9 Relationship Between Pointers and Arraysp. 352
8.10 Pointer-Based String Processingp. 354
8.11 Arrays of Pointersp. 357
8.12 Function Pointersp. 358
8.13 Wrap-Upp. 361
9 Classes: A Deeper Look, Part1p. 379
9.1 Introductionp. 380
9.2 Time Class Case Studyp. 381
9.3 Class Scope and Accessing Class Membersp. 388
9.4 Separating Interface from Implementationp. 389
9.5 Access Functions and Utility Functionsp. 390
9.6 Time Class Case Study: Constructors with Default Argumentsp. 393
9.7 Destructorsp. 398
9.8 When Constructors and Destructors Are Calledp. 399
9.9 Time Class Case Study: A Subtle Trap-Returning a Reference to a private Data Memberp. 402
9.10 Default Memberwise Assignmentp. 405
9.11 Wrap-Upp. 407
10 Classes: A Deeper Look, Part2p. 414
10.1 Introductionp. 415
10.2 const (Constant) Objects and const Member Functionsp. 415
10.3 Composition: Objects as Members of Classesp. 423
10.4 friend Functions and friend Classesp. 429
10.5 Using the this Pointerp. 431
10.6 static Class Membersp. 436
10.7 Proxy Classesp. 441
10.8 Wrap-Upp. 445
11 Operator Overloading; Class stringp. 451
11.1 Introductionp. 452
11.2 Using the Overloaded Operators of Standard Library Class stringp. 453
11.3 Fundamentals of Operator Overloadingp. 456
11.4 Overloading Binary Operatorsp. 457
11.5 Overloading the Binary Stream Insertion and Stream Extraction Operatorsp. 458
11.6 Overloading Unary Operatorsp. 462
11.7 Overloading the Unary Prefix and Postfix ++ and -- Operatorsp. 463
11.8 Case Study: A Date Classp. 464
11.9 Dynamic Memory Managementp. 469
11.10 Case Study: Array Classp. 471
11.10.1 Using the Array Classp. 472
11.10.2 Array Class Definitionp. 475
11.11 Operators as Member Functions vs. Non-Member Functionsp. 483
11.12 Converting between Typesp. 483
11.13 explicit Constructorsp. 485
11.14 Building a String Classp. 487
11.15 Wrap-Upp. 488
12 Object-Oriented Programming: Inheritancep. 499
12.1 Introductionp. 500
12.2 Base Classes and Derived Classesp. 500
12.3 protected Membersp. 503
12.4 Relationship between Base Classes and Derived Classesp. 503
12.4.1 Creating and Using a CommissionEmployee Classp. 504
12.4.2 Creating a BasePlusCommissionEmployee Class Without Using Inheritancep. 508
12.4.3 Creating a CommissionEmployee-BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchyp. 514
12.4.4 CommissionEmployee-BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy Using protected Datap. 519
12.4.5 CommissionEmployee BasePlusCommissionEmployee Inheritance Hierarchy Using private Datap. 522
12.5 Constructors and Destructors in Derived Classesp. 527
12.6 public, protected and private Inheritancep. 527
12.7 Software Engineering with Inheritancep. 528
12.8 Wrap-Upp. 529
13 Object-Oriented Programming: Polymorphismp. 534
13.1 Introductionp. 535
13.2 Introduction to Polymorphism: Polymorphic Video Gamep. 536
13.3 Relationships Among Objects in an Inheritance Hierarchyp. 536
13.3.1 Invoking Base-Class Functions from Derived-Class Objectsp. 537
13.3.2 Aiming Derived-Class Pointers at Base-Class Objectsp. 540
13.3.3 Derived-Class Member-Function Calls via Base-Class Pointersp. 541
13.3.4 Virtual Functionsp. 543
13.4 Type Fields and switch Statementsp. 549
13.5 Abstract Classes and Pure virtual Functionsp. 549
13.6 Case Study: Payroll System Using Polymorphismp. 551
13.6.1 Creating Abstract Base Class Employeep. 552
13.6.2 Creating Concrete Derived Class Salaried Employeep. 556
13.6.3 Creating Concrete Derived Class Commission Employeep. 558
13.6.4 Creating Indirect Concrete Derived Class Base Plus Commission Employeep. 560
13.6.5 Demonstrating Polymorphic Processingp. 562
13.7 (Optional) Polymorphism, Virtual Functions and Dynamic Binding "Under the Hood"p. 566
13.8 Case Study: Payroll System Using Polymorphism and Runtime Type Information with Downcasting, dynamic_cast, typeid and type_infop. 569
13.9 Virtual Destructorsp. 573
13.10 Wrap-Upp. 573
14 Templatesp. 579
14.1 Introductionp. 580
14.2 Function Templatesp. 580
14.3 Overloading Function Templatesp. 583
14.4 Class Templatesp. 584
14.5 Nontype Parameters and Default Types for Class Templatesp. 590
14.6 Wrap-Upp. 591
15 Stream Input/Outputp. 595
15.1 Introductionp. 596
15.2 Streamsp. 597
15.2.1 Classic Streams vs. Standard Streamsp. 597
15.2.2 iostream Library Headersp. 598
15.2.3 Stream Input/Output Classes and Objectsp. 598
15.3 Stream Outputp. 601
15.3.1 Output of char * Variablesp. 601
15.3.2 Character Output Using Member Function putp. 601
15.4 Stream Inputp. 602
15.4.1 get and getline Member Functionsp. 602
15.4.2 istream Member Functions peek, putback and ignorep. 605
15.4.3 Type-Safe I/Op. 605
15.5 Unformatted I/O Using read, write and gcountp. 605
15.6 Introduction to StreamManipulatorsp. 606
15.6.1 Integral Stream Base: dec, oct, hex and setbasep. 607
15.6.2 Floating-Point Precision (precision, setprecision)p. 607
15.6.3 Field Width (width, setw)p. 609
15.6.4 User-Defined Output Stream Manipulatorsp. 610
15.7 Stream Format States and Stream Manipulatorsp. 612
15.7.1 Trailing Zeros and Decimal Points (showpoint)p. 612
15.7.2 Justification (left, right and internal)p. 613
15.7.3 Padding (fill, setfill)p. 615
15.7.4 Integral Stream Base (dec, oct, hex, showbase)p. 616
15.7.5 Floating-Point Numbers; Scientific and Fixed Notation (scientific, fixed)p. 617
15.7.6 Uppercase/Lowercase Control (uppercase)p. 618
15.7.7 Specifying Boolean Format (boolalpha)p. 618
15.7.8 Setting and Resetting the Format State via Member Function flagsp. 619
15.8 Stream Error Statesp. 620
15.9 Tying an Output Stream to an Input Streamp. 622
15.10 Wrap-Upp. 623
16 Exception Handling: A Deeper Lookp. 632
16.1 Introductionp. 633
16.2 Example: Handling an Attempt to Divide by Zerop. 633
16.3 When to Use Exception Handlingp. 639
16.4 Rethrowing an Exceptionp. 640
16.5 Exception Specificationsp. 641
16.6 Processing Unexpected Exceptionsp. 642
16.7 Stack Unwindingp. 642
16.8 Constructors, Destructors and Exception Handlingp. 644
16.9 Exceptions and Inheritancep. 645
16.10 Processing new Failuresp. 645
16.11 Class unique_ptr and Dynamic Memory Allocationp. 648
16.12 Standard Library Exception Hierarchyp. 650
16.13 Wrap-Upp. 652
17 File Processingp. 658
17.1 Introductionp. 659
17.2 Files and Streamsp. 659
17.3 Creating a Sequential Filep. 660
17.4 Reading Data from a Sequential Filep. 664
17.5 Updating Sequential Filesp. 669
17.6 Random-Access Filesp. 670
17.7 Creating a Random-Access Filep. 671
17.8 Writing Data Randomly to a Random-Access Filep. 675
17.9 Reading from a Random-Access File Sequentiallyp. 677
17.10 Case Study: A Transaction-Processing Programp. 679
17.11 Object Serializationp. 686
17.12 Wrap-Upp. 686
18 Class string and String Stream Processingp. 696
18.1 Introductionp. 697
18.2 string Assignment and Concatenationp. 698
18.3 Comparing stringsp. 700
18.4 Substringsp. 703
18.5 Swapping stringsp. 703
18.6 string Characteristicsp. 704
18.7 Finding Substrings and Characters in a stringp. 706
18.8 Replacing Characters in a stringp. 708
18.9 Inserting Characters into a stringp. 710
18.10 Conversion to C-Style Pointer-Based char * Stringsp. 711
18.11 Iteratorsp. 713
18.12 String Stream Processingp. 714
18.13 Wrap-Upp. 717
19 Searching and Sortingp. 724
19.1 Introductionp. 725
19.2 Searching Algorithmsp. 725
19.2.1 Efficiency of Linear Searchp. 726
19.2.2 Binary Searchp. 727
19.3 Sorting Algorithmsp. 732
19.3.1 Efficiency of Selection Sortp. 733
19.3.2 Efficiency of Insertion Sortp. 733
19.3.3 Merge Sort (A Recursive Implementation)p. 733
19.4 Wrap-Upp. 740
20 Custom Templatized Data Structuresp. 746
20.1 Introductionp. 747
20.2 Self-Referential Classesp. 748
20.3 Dynamic Memory Allocation and Data Structuresp. 749
20.4 Linked Listsp. 749
20.5 Stacksp. 764
20.6 Queuesp. 768
20.7 Treesp. 772
20.8 Wrap-Upp. 780
21 Bits, Characters, C Strings and structsp. 791
21.1 Introductionp. 792
21.2 Structure Definitionsp. 792
21.3 typedefp. 794
21.4 Example: Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulationp. 794
21.5 Bitwise Operatorsp. 797
21.6 Bit Fieldsp. 806
21.7 Character-Handling Libraryp. 810
21.8 Pointer-Based String Manipulation Functionsp. 815
21.9 Pointer-Based String-Conversion Functionsp. 822
21.10 Search Functions of the Pointer-Based String-Handling Libraryp. 827
21.11 Memory Functions of the Pointer-Based String-Handling Libraryp. 831
21.12 Wrap-Upp. 835
22 Standard Template Library (STL)p. 850
22.1 Introduction to the Standard Template Library (STL)p. 851
22.2 Introduction to Containersp. 853
22.3 Introduction to Iteratorsp. 856
22.4 Introduction to Algorithmsp. 861
22.5 Sequence Containersp. 863
22.5.1 vector Sequence Containerp. 864
22.5.2 list Sequence Containerp. 871
22.5.3 deque Sequence Containerp. 875
22.6 Associative Containersp. 877
22.6.1 multiset Associative Containerp. 877
22.6.2 set Associative Containerp. 880
22.6.3 multimap Associative Containerp. 881
22.6.4 map Associative Containerp. 883
22.7 Container Adaptersp. 885
22.7.1 stack Adapterp. 885
22.7.2 queue Adapterp. 887
22.7.3 priority_queue Adapterp. 888
22.8 Algorithmsp. 890
22.8.1 fill, fill_n, generate and generate_np. 890
22.8.2 equal, mismatch and lexicographical_comparep. 892
22.8.3 remove, remove_if, remove_copy and remove_copy_ifp. 895
22.8.4 replace, replace_if, replace_copy and replace_copy_ifp. 897
22.8.5 Mathematical Algorithmsp. 900
22.8.6 Basic Searching and Sorting Algorithmsp. 903
22.8.7 swap, iter_swap and swap_rangesp. 905
22.8.8 copy_backward, merge, unique and reversep. 906
22.8.9 inplace_merge, unique_copy and reverse_copyp. 909
22.8.10 Set Operationsp. 910
22.8.11 lower_bound, upper_bound and equal_rangep. 913
22.8.12 Heapsortp. 915
22.8.13 min and maxp. 918
22.8.14 STL Algorithms Not Covered in This Chapterp. 919
22.9 Class bitsetp. 920
22.10 Function Objectsp. 924
22.11 Wrap-Upp. 927
23 Boost Libraries, Technical Report 1 and C++0xp. 936
23.1 Introductionp. 937
23.2 Deitel Online C++ and Related Resource Centersp. 937
23.3 Boost Librariesp. 937
23.4 Boost Libraries Overviewp. 938
23.5 Regular Expressions with the regex Libraryp. 941
23.5.1 Regular Expression Examplep. 942
23.5.2 Validating User Input with Regular Expressionsp. 944
23.5.3 Replacing and Splitting Stringsp. 947
23.6 Smart Pointersp. 950
23.6.1 Reference Counted shared_ptrp. 950
23.6.2 weak_ptr: shared_ptr Observerp. 954
23.7 Technical Report 1p. 960
23.8 C++0xp. 961
23.9 Core Language Changesp. 962
23.10 Wrap-Upp. 967
24 Other Topicsp. 974
24.1 Introductionp. 975
24.2 const_cast Operatorp. 975
24.3 mutable Class Membersp. 977
24.4 namespacesp. 979
24.5 Operator Keywordsp. 982
24.6 Pointers to Class Members (.* and -> *)p. 984
24.7 Multiple Inheritancep. 986
24.8 Multiple Inheritance and virtual Base Classesp. 991
24.9 Wrap-Upp. 996
Chapters on the Webp. 1001
A Operator Precedence and Associativityp. 1002
B ASCII Character Setp. 1004
C Fundamental Typesp. 1005
D Number Systemsp. 1007
D.1 Introductionp. 1008
D.2 Abbreviating Binary Numbers as Octal and Hexadecimal Numbersp. 1011
D.3 Converting Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers to Binary Numbersp. 1012
D.4 Converting from Binary, Octal or Hexadecimal to Decimalp. 1012
D.5 Converting from Decimal to Binary, Octal or Hexadecimalp. 1013
D.6 Negative Binary Numbers: Two's Complement Notationp. 1015
E Preprocessorp. 1020
E.1 Introductionp. 1021
E.2 #include Preprocessor Directivep. 1021
E.3 #define Preprocessor Directive: Symbolic Constantsp. 1022
E.4 #define Preprocessor Directive: Macrosp. 1022
E.5 Conditional Compilationp. 1024
E.6 #error and #pragma Preprocessor Directivesp. 1025
E.7 Operators # and ##p. 1026
E.8 Predefined Symbolic Constantsp. 1026
E.9 Assertionsp. 1027
E.10 Wrap-Upp. 1027
Appendices on theWebp. 1033
Indexp. 1035
Chapters 25 26 and Appendices F I are PDF documents posted online at the book's
Companion Website, which is accessible from www.pearsonhighered.com/deitel.
25 ATM Case Study
part 1 Object-Oriented Design with the UMLp. 1
25.1 Introductionp. 2
25.2 Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Designp. 2
25.3 Examining the ATM Requirements Documentp. 3
25.4 Identifying the Classes in the ATM Requirements Documentp. 10
25.5 Identifying Class Attributesp. 17
25.6 Identifying Objects' States and Activitiesp. 21
25.7 Identifying Class Operationsp. 25
25.8 Indicating Collaboration Among Objectsp. 32
25.9 Wrap-Upp. 39
26 ATM Case Study
Part 2 Implementing an Object-Oriented Designp. 1
26.1 Introductionp. 2
26.2 Starting to Program the Classes of the ATM Systemp. 2
26.3 Incorporating Inheritance into the ATM Systemp. 8
26.4 ATMCase Study Implementationp. 15
26.4.1 Class ATMp. 16
26.4.2 Class Screenp. 23
26.4.3 Class Keypadp. 25
26.4.4 Class CashDispenserp. 26
26.4.5 Class DepositSlotp. 28
26.4.6 Class Accountp. 29
26.4.7 Class BankDatabasep. 31
26.4.8 Class Transactionp. 35
26.4.9 Class BalanceInquiryp. 37
26.4.10 Class Withdrawalp. 39
26.4.11 Class Depositp. 44
26.4.12 Test Program ATMCaseStudy.cppp. 47
26.5 Wrap-Upp. 47
F C Legacy Code Topicsp. 1
F.1 Introductionp. 2
F.2 Redirecting Input/Output on UNIX/Linux/Mac OS X and Windows Systemsp. 2
F.3 Variable-Length Argument Listsp. 3
F.4 Using Command-Line Argumentsp. 5
F.5 Notes on Compiling Multiple-Source-File Programsp. 7
F.6 Program Termination with exit and atexitp. 9
F.7 Type Qualifier volatilep. 10
F.8 Suffixes for Integer and Floating-Point Constantsp. 10
F.9 Signal Handlingp. 11
F.10 Dynamic Memory Allocation with calloc and reallocp. 13
F.11 Unconditional Branch: gotop. 14
F.12 Unionsp. 15
F.13 Linkage Specificationsp. 18
F.14 Wrap-Upp. 19
G UML 2: Additional Diagram Typesp. 1
G.1 Introductionp. 1
G.2 Additional Diagram Typesp. 2
H Using the Visual Studio Debuggerp. 1
H.1 Introductionp. 2
H.2 Breakpoints and the Continue Commandp. 2
H.3 Locals and Watch Windowsp. 8
H.4 Controlling Execution Using the Step Into, Step Over, Step Out and Continue Commandsp. 11
H.5 Autos Windowp. 13
H.6 Wrap-Upp. 14
I Using the GNU C++ Debuggerp. 1
I.1 Introductionp. 2
I.2 Breakpoints and the run, stop, continue and print Commandsp. 2
I.3 print and set Commandsp. 8
I.4 Controlling Execution Using the step, finish and next Commandsp. 10
I.5 watch Commandp. 13
I.6 Wrap-Upp. 15
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