Introduction to antenna analysis using EM simulators

Title:

Uniform Title:

Denjikai shimyurēta de manabu antena nyūmon. English

Personal Author:

Kogure, Hiroaki, 1952-

Series:

Artech House antennas and propagation library

Edition:

English language edition

Publication Information:

Boston, Mass. : Artech House c2011

Physical Description:

xiv, 277 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. + 1 CD-ROM (12 cm..)

ISBN:

9781608071579

General Note:

English language edition of "Denjikai simulator de manbu antenna nyummon" [sic], published 2010 by Ohmsha. Ltd.

Accompanied by CD-ROM : CP 030351

Subject Term:

Antennas (Electronics) -- Testing

Added Author:

Kogure, Yoshie

Rautio, James C.

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010298125	TK7871.6 K64 2011	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010312111	TK7871.6 K64 2011	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

Offers readers an introductory-level treatment of antenna analysis using electromagnetic (EM) simulators. This title shows how to use EM software to analyze and tune wireless antennas to meet specific requirements.

Author Notes

Hiroaki Kogure is a registered professional engineer with Kogure Consulting Engineers and a part-time lecturer at the Tokyo University of Science and Tokyo City University. He received his Dr. Eng. degree in electromagnetic field analysis at the Tokyo University of Science.
Yoshie Kogure is a technical writer and account manager at Kogure Consulting Engineers. She received her bachelor's degree from Waseda University.
James C. Rautio is the president of Sonnet Software, Inc. He holds an M.S. in systems engineering from the University of Pennsylvania and a Ph.D. in electromagnetics from Syracuse University. Dr. Rautio is a Fellow of the IEEE MTT Society.

Dr. Nagaoka

Preface	p. xiii
1 The Antennas Around Us	p. 1
1.1 What Is an Electrical Circuit?	p. 1
1.1.1 Circuit with Two Parallel Lines	p. 1
1.1.2 Role of the Ground Conductor	p. 2
1.1.3 Antennas at the Edge of a Substrate	p. 2
1.2 Just Exactly What Is the Antenna?	p. 3
1.2.1 Television Antennas	p. 4
1.2.2 Antenna in a Radio-Synchronized Clock	p. 5
1.2.3 Is the Coil of a Radio-Synchronized Clock an Antenna?	p. 6
1.3 Fundamental Form of Antennas	p. 7
1.3.1 The Yagi Antenna	p. 7
1.3.2 Electromagnetic Simulation for Antennas	p. 9
1.3.3 Fundamental Forms of Antennas	p. 25
1.4 What Are Near and Far Fields?	p. 29
1.4.1 Boundary Between Near Field and Far Field	p. 29
2 Antennas and Radio Waves	p. 31
2.1 Great Inventions	p. 31
2.1.1 The Experiments of Hertz	p. 31
2.1.2 Hertz's Receiving Equipment	p. 31
2.1.3 Simulation of Hertz's Transmitting Equipment	p. 33
2.1.4 Transforming Parallel Plate Capacitors into Antennas	p. 36
2.1.5 Simulation of Hertz's Receiving Equipment	p. 37
2.1.6 Experiments	p. 40
2.2 The Development of Various Antennas	p. 41
2.2.1 Appearance of Marconi	p. 42
2.2.2 History of Ungrounded Antennas	p. 43
2.2.3 Aperture Antennas	p. 44
2.2.4 The Role of Ground	p. 46
2.2.5 Current on an Artificial Ground	p. 50
2.3 Electric Field, Magnetic Field, Electromagnetic Field, and the Electromagnetic Wave	p. 50
2.3.1 Electric Field Near Hertz's Dipole	p. 50
2.3.2 Radiation from a Dipole Antenna	p. 50
2.3.3 Magnetic Field Near the Dipole Antenna	p. 52
2.3.4 Electromagnetic Field and the Electromagnetic Wave	p. 53
2.3.5 Difficulty of Near-Field Problems	p. 54
2.4 Antenna Design by Using EM Simulators	p. 55
2.4.1 Antennas on PCB	p. 55
2.4.2 Antennas Created by Using EM Simulators	p. 56
2.4.3 Design of Electric Field Detection Type Antennas	p. 57
2.4.4 Simulation of a Small Loop for an Integrated Circuit Tag Antenna	p. 58
3 Wire Antennas	p. 63
3.1 Fundamentals of a Dipole Antenna	p. 63
3.1.1 Standing Wave on a Linear Dipole Antenna	p. 63
3.1.2 Designing the Element Length	p. 65
3.1.3 A Dipole Antenna on a Substrate	p. 65
3.1.4 Parameterization	p. 66
3.1.5 Examining the Impedance	p. 69
3.2 Fundamentals of a Loop Antenna	p. 71
3.2.1 Simulation for a Quad Antenna	p. 71
3.2.2 What Is a Magnetic Loop Antenna?	p. 72
3.2.3 Simulation of the Small Loop Antenna	p. 75
3.2.4 Matching the Small Loop to 50¿	p. 77
3.3 Fundamentals of the Yagi-Uda Antenna	p. 79
3.3.1 Fundamentals of a Reflector	p. 79
3.3.2 Fundamentals of a Director	p. 81
3.3.3 Simulation of the Yagi-Uda Antenna	p. 82
3.4 Importance of Antenna Input Impedance	p. 88
3.4.1 A 50-Ohm Dipole Antenna	p. 88
3.4.2 What is a BALUN?	p. 90
3.4.3 What is the Matched Load?	p. 92
3.4.4 Need for a Matching Circuit	p. 93
3.5 Instrumets for Measurement of Input Impedance	p. 93
4 Antennas on Substrates	p. 97
4.1 Substrate Dielectrics and Wavelength Shortening	p. 97
4.1.1 Dipole Antenna on a Substrate	p. 97
4.1.2 Wavelength Shortening Effect of Dielectrics	p. 97
4.1.3 Investigating Wavelength Shortening Effect in an MSL	p. 100
4.2 Fundamentals of an Inverted L Antenna	p. 102
4.2.1 What Is an Inverted L Antenna?	p. 103
4.3 Fundamentals of a Patch Antenna	p. 109
4.3.1 A Patch Antenna for Global Positioning Systems	p. 110
4.3.2 Electromagnetic Field Around a Patch Antenna	p. 111
4.3.3 Determining Dimensions of a Patch Antenna	p. 114
4.3.4 A Patch Antenna on a Substrate	p. 117
4.3.5 Matching Method 1	p. 119
4.3.6 Fine Adjustment of a Feed Point	p. 122
4.3.7 Matching Method 2	p. 124
4.4 Effects of Dielectric Materials	p. 127
4.4.1 Effective Permittivity of Microstrip Lines	p. 129
4.4.2 Loss Tangent of Dielectrics	p. 131
4.5 Effect of Magnetic Materials	p. 131
4.5.1 Characteristics of Magnetic Materials	p. 132
5 Traveling Wave Antennas	p. 133
5.1 Turning Transmission Lines into Antennas	p. 133
5.1.1 Two Parallel Lines Turn into Antennas	p. 133
5.1.2 The Point of Transition Between Transmission Lines and Antennas	p. 136
5.1.3 Conditions for a Pure Traveling Wave	p. 136
5.2 Antennas That Do Not Resonate	p. 139
5.2.1 The Tapered Slot Antenna	p. 139
5.2.2 Matching the TSA	p. 143
5.3 Fundamentals of a Bow Tie Antenna	p. 143
5.3.1 The Biconical Antenna	p. 143
5.3.2 Finite Length Biconical Antenna	p. 144
5.3.3 The Impact of Truncating a Traveling Wave Antenna	p. 146
5.3.4 Simulation of a Bow Tie Antenna	p. 147
5.3.5 Skeleton-Type Bow Tie Antenna	p. 148
5.3.6 A Thinner Element Frame	p. 151
5.3.7 Miniaturization Using Triangular Antennas	p. 154
5.3.8 Flare Angle and Bandwidth	p. 158
5.3.9 A Thin Element Triangular Antenna	p. 159
6 Antennas for RFID Systems	p. 163
6.1 RFID Systems Based on Electromagnetic Induction	p. 163
6.1.1 Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction	p. 163
6.1.2 Self-Inductance of a Coil	p. 164
6.1.3 What Is a Mutual Inductance?	p. 166
6.1.4 Coupling Coefficient Between Reader-Writer s Coil and the Tag Coil	p. 166
6.1.5 Finding the Coupling Coefficient K Using Sonnet Lite	p. 168
6.1.6 13.56-MHz Antenna (Coil)	p. 169
6.2 UHF RFID Tag Antennas	p. 173
6.2.1 Application of an RFID Tag	p. 173
6.2.2 Half-Wavelength Dipole Antenna for the UHF Band	p. 174
6.2.3 Broadband Techniques	p. 175
6.2.4 Changing the Element Location	p. 178
6.3 Polarization of Reader and Tag	p. 182
6.3.1 UHF RFID Tags	p. 182
6.3.2 Buddhist Cross-Shaped RFID Tag	p. 184
6.4 Radiation of Circular Polarization from Patch Antenna	p. 185
6.4.1 Simulation Model of a Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna	p. 186
6.4.2 Right-Handed and Left-Handed Polarization	p. 186
6.5 Prediction of Communication Distance	p. 187
6.5.1 Communication Distance of UHF RFID Tags	p. 188
7 Determination of Antenna Characteristics by Using EM Simulators	p. 191
7.1 Radiation Efficiency of Antennas	p. 191
7.1.1 Definition of Radiation Efficiency	p. 191
7.1.2 Measuring Radiation Efficiency	p. 192
7.1.3 A Method for Calculating Efficiency Using EM Simulators	p. 194
7.1.4 Radiation Efficiency of Patch Antennas	p. 196
7.2 Antenna Gain	p. 199
7.2.1 Definition of Antenna Gain	p. 200
7.2.2 What Is the Actual Gain?	p. 202
7.2.3 Measuring the Antenna Gain	p. 203
7.2.4 Does Higher Gain Mean Higher Performance?	p. 204
7.2.5 How a Reflector Influences Directivity	p. 206
7.2.6 Standing Waves Between Two Metal Walls	p. 208
7.2.7 Magnetic Current Antennas	p. 209
7.3 Bandwidth of Antennas	p. 209
7.3.1 Definition of the Bandwidth	p. 209
7.3.2 Design of a Wideband Dipole Antenna	p. 211
7.3.3 A Wideband Patch Antenna	p. 213
7.3.4 Wideband Double Patch	p. 215
7.3.5 Parallel Configuration of Patch Antennas	p. 218
7.3.6 Wideband Short-Circuit Patch Antenna	p. 222
7.4 Interrelation of Three Parameters	p. 226
7.4.1 Small Antennas and Three Parameters	p. 226
8 Practical Antennas	p. 227
8.1 Ultrawideband Antennas	p. 227
8.1.1 What Is a Pulse Excitation?	p. 227
8.1.2 Log-Periodic Antennas	p. 229
8.1.3 Design Example of a Log-Periodic Antenna	p. 230
8.1.4 Self-Complementary Antennas	p. 231
8.1.5 Unbalanced Half-Trapezoid Dipole Antenna	p. 234
8.2 Receiving Antennas for Digital Terrestrial Television	p. 239
8.2.1 Dipole Antenna with Mesh Elements	p. 239
8.2.2 An Embedded Antenna for Receiving Digital Terrestrial Television	p. 241
8.3 Antennas for Cellular Phones	p. 244
8.3.1 Meander Line Monopole Antenna	p. 244
8.3.2 Meander Line Monopole Antenna with Ground Conductor	p. 245
8.3.3 Influence of Surrounding Metal Objects	p. 250
8.3.4 Influence of Surrounding Dielectric Objects	p. 250
8.3.5 Design of Matching Circuits	p. 252
8.4 Small Antennas for Integrated Circuit Cards	p. 256
8.4.1 Input Impedance of Integrated Circuits	p. 256
8.4.2 Matching Method for IC Including Reactance	p. 257
8.4.3 Changing the Shape of Dipole Elements to Achieve a Match	p. 258
8.5 The Wireless World Is Expanding	p. 261
8.5.1 Small Embedded Antennas Have a Bright Future	p. 261
Appendix	p. 265
About the Authors	p. 267
Index	p. 269

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Table of Contents