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Summary
Summary
The Third Edition of Lyn Richards′ best-selling book is the perfect introduction to qualitative research for students and practitioners. Recognizing that for many new researchers dealing with data is the main point of departure, this book helps them to acquire an understanding of the skills and methodological issues that are central to qualitative research. Author Lyn Richards provides practical guidance on how to handle, reflect on and make sense of rich data, while at the same time showing how a consideration of methods and their philosophical underpinnings informs how we should best handle our data.Detailed sections cover: the processes of making, meeting, sorting, coding, documenting, and exploring qualitative data; how to see a study as a whole and write it, and making and justifying claims. Each chapter smoothly integrates software use with discussion of the main challenges that software users are likely to encounter. Novice researchers who use this book will be able to achieve valid and useful outcomes from qualitative analysis, and ensure they do justice to their data.
Table of Contents
List of tables | p. xi |
Companion website | p. xiii |
About the author | p. xv |
Preface | p. xvii |
Acknowledgements | p. xxiii |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Starting points | p. 1 |
Handling data | p. 4 |
The shape of this book | p. 6 |
Part I Setting Up | p. 9 |
1 Setting up your project | p. 11 |
Placing the project in context | p. 12 |
Purpose, goal and outcome | p. 13 |
Designing the project | p. 18 |
You and your data | p. 26 |
To do | p. 31 |
Suggestions for further reading | p. 31 |
2 Making qualitative data | p. 35 |
Understanding data | p. 36 |
Preparing to 'make' data | p. 43 |
Ways of making data | p. 44 |
Data about your project (and you) | p. 52 |
Is writing a problem for you? | p. 57 |
To do | p. 59 |
Suggestions for further reading | p. 59 |
3 Data records | p. 63 |
What will the records be like? | p. 64 |
How big should a data record be? | p. 66 |
Storing records with software | p. 69 |
Working with your data records | p. 76 |
When can you start analysing? | p. 80 |
To do | p. 81 |
Suggestions for further reading | p. 81 |
Part II Working With the Data | p. 83 |
4 Up from the data | p. 85 |
Meeting data | p. 87 |
Where do your ideas go? | p. 91 |
Handling your discoveries | p. 94 |
Drawing it - the early uses of models | p. 94 |
Revisiting design | p. 95 |
Revisiting and reviewing records | p. 97 |
Writing it | p. 99 |
Up to the category | p. 100 |
To do | p. 100 |
Suggestions for further reading | p. 101 |
5 Coding | p. 103 |
Qualitative and quantitative coding | p. 104 |
What can you do with coding? | p. 105 |
Ways of coding in a qualitative project | p. 106 |
Revisiting the coded data | p. 114 |
Coder reliability in qualitative research | p. 117 |
Avoiding the coding trap | p. 118 |
Establishing your personal data processing style | p. 120 |
Writing about coding | p. 121 |
To do | p. 121 |
Suggestions for further reading | p. 122 |
6 Handling ideas | p. 125 |
Organization and creativity | p. 126 |
Catalogues of categories | p. 128 |
Writing your ideas | p. 137 |
To do | p. 138 |
Suggestions for further reading | p. 139 |
Part III Making Sense of Your Data | p. 141 |
7 What are you aiming for? | p. 143 |
What are you seeking? | p. 144 |
What can you achieve? | p. 146 |
What would be satisfactory? | p. 148 |
What might it look like? Possible outcomes | p. 149 |
How will you know when you get there? | p. 152 |
How will you know if it is good enough? | p. 157 |
To do | p. 163 |
Suggestions for further reading | p. 163 |
8 Searching the data | p. 167 |
Moving forward | p. 168 |
The data-theory process | p. 169 |
Searching coding | p. 171 |
Searching the text | p. 176 |
Building on searches | p. 179 |
Reporting searches | p. 180 |
To do | p. 181 |
Suggestions for further reading | p. 182 |
9 Seeing a whole | p. 185 |
Seeing what's there - and what's not there | p. 185 |
Ways of seeing | p. 186 |
Accounting for and validating your 'seeing' | p. 199 |
To do | p. 202 |
Suggestions for further reading | p. 203 |
10 Telling it | p. 205 |
Start with what you have written | p. 206 |
What if it won't write? | p. 210 |
Planning a qualitative report | p. 212 |
What about validity and reliability? | p. 214 |
Using your data | p. 216 |
Reports that don't work | p. 218 |
Concluding your study | p. 221 |
To do | p. 222 |
Suggestions for further reading | p. 222 |
References | p. 223 |
Index | p. 229 |