The Fundamentals of Process Intensification

Title:

Personal Author:

Stankiewicz, Andrzej, author

Physical Description:

xiv, 345 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm.

ISBN:

9783527327836

Abstract:

This first advanced textbook covering the fundamentals and industry applications of process intensification (PI) discusses both the theoretical and conceptual basis of the discipline. Since interdisciplinarity is a key feature of PI, the material contained in the book reaches far beyond the classical area of chemical engineering. Developments in other relevant disciplines, such as chemistry, catalysis, energy technology, applied physics, electronics and materials science, are extensively described and discussed, while maintaining a chemical engineering perspective. Divided into three major parts, the first introduces the PI principles in detail and illustrates them using practical examples. The second part is entirely devoted to fundamental approaches of PI in four domains: spatial, thermodynamic, functional and temporal. The third and final part explores the methodology for applying fundamental PI approaches in practice. As well as detailing technologies, the book focuses on safety, energy and environmental issues, giving guidance on how to incorporate PI in plant design and operation -- safely, efficiently and effectively.

Subject Term:

Chemical processes

Added Author:

Van Gerven, Tom,

Stefanidis, Georgios,

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010371548	TP155.7 S73 2019	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

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Summary

This advanced textbook covering the fundamentals and industry applications of process intensification (PI) discusses both the theoretical and conceptual basis of the discipline. Since interdisciplinarity is a key feature of PI, the material contained in the book reaches far beyond the classical area of chemical engineering. Developments in other relevant disciplines, such as chemistry, catalysis, energy technology, applied physics, electronics and materials science, are extensively described and discussed, while maintaining a chemical engineering perspective.
Divided into three major parts, the first introduces the PI principles in detail and illustrates them using practical examples. The second part is entirely devoted to fundamental approaches of PI in four domains: spatial, thermodynamic, functional and temporal. The third and final part explores the methodology for applying fundamental PI approaches in practice. As well as detailing technologies, the book focuses on safety, energy and environmental issues, giving guidance on how to incorporate PI in plant design and operation -- safely, efficiently and effectively.

Author Notes

Andrzej Stankiewicz, PhD, is Full Professor and Chair of Process Intensification at Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands, and Director of TU Delft Process Technology Institute.
Tom Van Gerven, PhD, is Professor of Process Intensification at the University of Leuven, Belgium and head of the Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems section in that University.
Georgios Stefanidis, PhD, is Professor at the University of Leuven, Belgium.

Preface	p. xi
About the Authors	p. xiii
Part I Principles	p. 1
1 Introduction	p. 3
1.1 Short History of Process Intensification	p. 3
1.2 Definitions and Interpretations of Process Intensification	p. 5
1.3 Fundamentals of Process Intensification - Principles, Approaches, Domains, and Scales	p. 8
References	p. 11
2 The Four Principles	p. 15
2.1 Principle 1 - Toward Perfect Reactions	p. 15
2.2 Principle 2 - What Experience Molecules?	p. 19
2.3 Principle 3 - Driving Forces, Resistances, and Interfaces	p. 21
2.4 Principle 4 - About the Synergies	p. 21
References	p. 23
Part II Domains	p. 25
3 STRUCTURE - PI Approaches in Spatial Domain	p. 27
3.1 Randomness and Order: Why Structure?	p. 27
3.2 Structures Targeting Molecular Events	p. 29
3.2.1 Molecular Imprints	p. 29
3.2.2 Molecular Reactors	p. 33
3.2.3 Shape-Selective Catalysts	p. 34
3.2.4 Semirigid Structures: Liquid Crystals	p. 38
3.3 Structures Targeting Heat Transfer	p. 39
3.3.1 Microstructured Reactors	p. 39
3.3.2 Structured Heat Exchangers	p. 46
3.4 Structures Targeting Mass Transfer	p. 49
3.4.1 Microstructured Separation Systems	p. 49
3.4.2 Structured Internals for Reactions and Separations	p. 55
3.5 Structures Targeting Mixing and Fluid Flow	p. 63
3.5.1 Micromixers	p. 63
3.5.2 Static Mixers	p. 67
3.5.3 Fractal Systems	p. 71
References	p. 73
4 ENERGY - PI Approaches in Thermodynamic Domain	p. 83
4.1 Energy in Chemical Processes - A Broader Picture of the Present and the Future	p. 83
4.2 Electric Fields	p. 85
4.3 Magnetic Fields	p. 90
4.4 Electromagnetic Fields	p. 93
4.4.1 Microwaves	p. 93
4.4.1.1 Liquid-Phase Organic Synthesis Reactions	p. 97
4.4.1.2 Gas-Phase Catalytic Reactions	p. 99
4.4.1.3 Solid-Liquid Extraction	p. 99
4.4.1.4 Adsorbents Regeneration	p. 102
4.4.1.5 Crystallization	p. 103
4.4.1.6 Distillation	p. 103
4.4.1.7 Membrane Processes	p. 104
4.4.2 Plasmas	p. 104
4.4.2.1 Plasma-Assisted Methane Coupling to Acetylene (Huels Process)	p. 106
4.4.2.2 Plasma-Assisted Coal Gasification for Synthesis Gas Production	p. 108
4.4.2.3 Plasma-Assisted CO 2 Dissociation	p. 109
4.4.3 Photochemical and Photocatalytic Reactors (Artificial Light)	p. 111
4.4.4 Solar Reactors	p. 118
4.4.5 Induction Heating	p. 126
4.5 Acoustic Fields	p. 129
4.6 Flow Fields	p. 142
4.6.1 Hydrodynamic Cavitation	p. 142
4.6.2 Ejector-based Liquid Jet Reactors	p. 144
4.6.3 Supersonic Flow	p. 147
4.6.4 Impinging-stream Reactors	p. 150
4.7 High-Gravity and High-Shear Fields	p. 152
4.7.1 Rotating Packed Beds	p. 154
4.7.2 Spinning Disc Reactors	p. 158
4.7.3 Rotor-Stator Devices	p. 160
4.7.4 Process Intensification by Solids Moving in Centrifugal Fields	p. 165
4.7.5 High Gravity Fields in Microprocessing Systems	p. 167
References	p. 169
5 SYNERGY- PI Approaches in Functional Domain	p. 197
5.1 Combining Functions	p. 197
5.2 Synergies at Molecular Scale	p. 199
5.2.1 Multifunctional Catalysts	p. 199
5.2.2 Synergistic Use of Alternative Energy Forms	p. 202
5.3 Synergies in Processing Units - Multifunctional Equipment and Integrated Operations	p. 205
5.3.1 Integrating Catalysis and Mixing - The Monolithic Stirrer Concept	p. 205
5.3.2 Integrating Mixing and Heat Exchange - Static Mixer Reactors and Heat Exchangers	p. 205
5.3.3 Heat Exchangers as Chemical Reactors	p. 208
5.3.4 Heat Pumping in Distillation Systems	p. 209
5.3.5 Integrating Reactions and Separation - Reactive Separations	p. 211
5.3.5.1 Reactive Distillation	p. 211
5.3.5.2 Membranes in Chemical Reactors	p. 213
5.3.5.3 Reactive Adsorption	p. 215
5.3.5.4 Reactive Extraction	p. 222
5.3.5.5 Reactive Crystallization	p. 223
5.3.5.6 Reactive Absorption	p. 226
5.3.6 Reactive Comminution	p. 227
5.3.7 Handling Chemical Reactions in Highly Viscous Media - Reactive Extrusion	p. 234
5.3.8 Integrating Separation Techniques - Hybrid Separations	p. 235
5.3.8.1 Extractive Distillation	p. 235
5.3.8.2 Adsorptive Distillation	p. 237
5.3.8.3 Membrane Distillation	p. 238
5.3.8.4 Membrane Crystallization	p. 240
5.3.8.5 Extractive Crystallization	p. 241
5.3.8.6 Membrane Absorption/Stripping	p. 242
5.3.8.7 Membrane Chromatography (Adsorptive Membranes)	p. 245
5.3.8.8 Membrane Extraction	p. 246
References	p. 247
6 TIME - PI Approaches in Temporal Domain	p. 257
6.1 Oscillatory Flow Reactors	p. 258
6.2 Reverse Flow Reactors	p. 262
6.3 Periodic Operation of Trickle Bed Reactors	p. 269
6.4 Cyclic Distillation	p. 271
6.5 Pulse Combustion	p. 275
6.6 Pressure Swing Adsorption	p. 284
6.7 Desorptive Cooling	p. 286
6.8 Variable Volume Operation of Stirred Tank Reactors	p. 288
6.9 Short Contact Time Reactors	p. 290
6.9.1 Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Alkanes	p. 291
6.9.2 Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Cellulose	p. 293
References	p. 296
Part III Fundamentals in Practice - Designing a Sustainable, Intensified Process	p. 299
7 Process Intensification and Sustainable Processing	p. 301
7.1 Introduction	p. 301
7.1.1 Sustainable Earth?	p. 301
7.1.2 Sustainable Processing and the Position of PI	p. 302
7.1.3 Sustainability Assessment Tools Applied to Process Intensification	p. 303
7.2 Ecological Assessment of Intensified Technologies	p. 312
7.2.1 Microreactor Engineering	p. 313
7.2.2 Other Intensified Processes	p. 316
7.3 Process Intensification and Inherent Safety	p. 317
References	p. 322
8 How to Design a Sustainable Intensified Process?	p. 331
8.1 Conceptual Process Intensification Design	p. 331
8.2 Case Study of Bhopal	p. 332
References	p. 339
Index	p. 341

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Author Notes

Table of Contents