Title:
Chemical principles
Personal Author:
Edition:
6th ed.
Publication Information:
Boston, MA : Houghton Mifflin Company, 2009
Physical Description:
xxiv, 1073 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 26 cm.
ISBN:
9780618946907
Subject Term:
Available:*
Library | Item Barcode | Call Number | Material Type | Item Category 1 | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Searching... | 30000010179343 | QD33 Z854 2009 | Open Access Book | Book | Searching... |
Searching... | 30000010117729 | QD33 Z854 2009 | Open Access Book | Book | Searching... |
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Summary
Summary
Known for helping students develop the qualitative, conceptual foundation that gets them thinking like chemists, this market-leading text is designed for students with solid mathematical preparation and prior exposure to chemistry. The unique organization of the text supports this qualitative-to-quantitative approach. A strong emphasis on models and everyday applications of chemistry combines with a thoughtful, step-by-step problem solving approach to build conceptual understanding.
Table of Contents
1 Chemists and Chemistry |
1.1 Thinking Like a Chemist |
1.2 A Real-World Chemistry Problem |
1.3 The Scientific Method |
1.4 Industrial Chemistry |
1.5 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Real-World Chemistry |
2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions |
2.1 The Early History of Chemistry |
2.2 Fundamental Chemical Laws |
2.3 Dalton's Atomic Theory |
2.4 Cannizzaro's Interpretation |
2.5 Early Experiments to Characterize the Atom |
2.6 The Modern View of Atomic Structure: An Introduction |
2.7 Molecules and Ions |
2.8 An Introduction to the Periodic Table |
2.9 Naming Simple Compounds |
3 Stoichiometry |
3.1 Atomic Masses |
3.2 The Mole |
3.3 Molar Mass |
3.4 Percent Composition of Compounds |
3.5 Determining the Formula of a Compound |
3.6 Chemical Equations |
3.7 Balancing Chemical Equations |
3.8 Stoichiometric Calculations: Amounts of Reactants and Products |
3.9 Calculations Involving a Limiting Reactant |
4 Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry |
4.1 Water, the Common Solvent |
4.2 The Nature of Aqueous Solutions: Strong and Weak Electrolytes |
4.3 The Composition of Solutions |
4.4 Types of Chemical Reactions |
4.5 Precipitation Reactions |
4.6 Describing Reactions in Solution |
4.7 Selective Precipitation |
4.8 Stoichiometry of Precipitation Reactions |
4.9 Acid-Base Reactions |
4.10 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions |
4.11 Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations |
4.12 Simple Oxidation-Reduction Titrations |
5 Gases |
5.1 Early Experiments |
5.2 The Gas Laws of Boyle, Charles, and Avogadro |
5.3 The Ideal Gas Law |
5.4 Gas Stoichiometry |
5.5 Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures |
5.6 The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases |
5.7 Effusion and Diffusion |
5.8 Collisions of Gas Particles with the Container Walls |
5.9 Intermolecular Collisions |
5.10 Real Gases |
5.11 Characteristics of Several Real Gases |
5.12 Chemistry in the Atmosphere |
6 Chemical Equilibrium |
6.1 The Equilibrium Condition |
6.2 The Equilibrium Constant |
6.3 Equilibrium Expressions Involving Pressures |
6.4 The Concept of Activity |
6.5 Heterogeneous Equilibria |
6.6 Applications of the Equilibrium Constant |
6.7 Solving Equilibrium Problems |
6.8 Le Ch?telier's Principle |
6.9 Equilibria Involving Real Gases |
7 Acids and Bases |
7.1 The Nature of Acids and Bases |
7.2 Acid Strength |
7.3 The pH Scale |
7.4 Calculating the pH of Strong Acid Solutions |
7.5 Calculating the pH of Weak Acid Solutions |
7.6 Bases |
7.7 Polyprotic Acids |
7.8 Acid-Base Properties of Salts |
7.9 Acid Solutions in Which Water Contributes to the H+ Concentration |
7.10 Strong Acid Solutions in Which Water Contributes to the H+ Concentration |
7.11 Strategy for Solving Acid-Base Problems: A Summary |
8 Applications of Aqueous Equilibria |
8.1 Solutions of Acids or Bases Containing a Common Ion |
8.2 Buffered Solutions |
8.3 Exact Treatment of Buffered Solutions |
8.4 Buffer Capacity |
8.5 Titrations and pH Curves |
8.6 Acid-Base Indicators |
8.7 Titration of Polyprotic Acids |
8.8 Solubility Equilibria and the Solubility Product |
8.9 Precipitation and Qualitative Analysis |
8.10 Complex Ion Equilibria |
9 Energy, Enthalpy, and Thermochemistry |
9.1 The Nature of Energy |
9.2 Enthalpy |
9.3 Thermodynamics of Ideal Gases |
9.4 Calorimetry |
9.5 Hess's Law |
9.6 Standard Enthalpies of Formation |
9.7 Present Sources of Energy |
9.8 New Energy Sources |
10 Spontaneity, Entropy, and Free Energy |
10.1 Spontaneous Processes and Entropy |
10.2 The Isothermal Expansion and Compression of an Ideal Gas |
10.3 The Definition of Entropy |
10.4 Entropy and Physical Changes |
10.5 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics |
10.6 The Effect of Temperature on Spontaneity |
10.7 Free Energy |
10.8 Entropy Changes in Chemical Reactions |
10.9 Free Energy and Chemical Reactions |
10.10 The Dependence of Free Energy on Pressure |
10.11 Free Energy and Equilibrium |
10.12 Free Energy and Work |
10.13 Reversible and Irreversible Processes: A Summary |
10.14 Adiabatic Processes |
11 Electrochemistry |
11.1 Galvanic Cells |
11.2 Standard Reduction Potentials |
11.3 Cell Potential, Electrical Work, and Free Energy |
11.4 Dependence of the Cell Potential on Concentration |
11.5 Batteries |
11.6 Corrosion |
11.7 Electrolysis |
11.8 Commercial Electrolytic Processes |
12 Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Theory |
12.1 Electromagnetic Radiation |
12.2 The Nature of Matter |
12.3 The Atomic Spectrum of Hydrogen |
12.4 The Bohr Model |
12.5 The Quantum Mechanical Description of the Atom |
12.6 The Particle in a Box |
12.7 The Wave Equation for the Hydrogen Atom |
12.8 The Physical Meaning of a Wave Function |
12.9 The Characteristics of Hydrogen Orbitals |
12.10 Electron Spin and the Pauli Principle |
12.11 Polyelectronic Atoms |
12.12 The History of the Periodic Table |
12.13 The Aufbau Principle and the Periodic Table |
12.14 Further Development of the Polyelectronic Model |
12.15 Periodic Trends in Atomic Properties |
12.16 The Properties of a Group: The Alkali Metals |
13 Bonding: General Concepts |
13.1 Types of Chemical Bonds |
13.2 Electronegativity |
13.3 Bond Polarity and Dipole Moments |
13.4 Ions: Electron Configurations and Sizes |
13.5 Formation of Binary Ionic Compounds |
13.6 Partial Ionic Character of Covalent Bonds |
13.7 The Covalent Chemical Bond: A Model |
13.8 Covalent Bond Energies and Chemical Reactions |
13.9 The Localized Electron Bonding Model |
13.10 Lewis Structure |
13.11 Resonance |
13.12 Exceptions to the Octet Rule |
13.13 Molecular Structure: The VSEPR Model |
14 Covalent Bonding: Orbitals |
14.1 Hybridization and the Localized Electron Model |
14.2 The Molecular Orbital Model |
14.3 Bonding in Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules |
14.4 Bonding in Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules |
14.5 Combining the Localized Electron and Molecular Orbital Models |
14.6 Orbitals: Human Inventions |
14.7 Molecular Spectroscopy: An Introduction |
14.8 Electronic Spectroscopy |
14.9 Vibrational Spectroscopy |
14.10 Rotational Spectroscopy |
14.11 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy |
15 Chemical Kinetics |
15.1 Reaction Rates |
15.2 Rate Laws: An Introduction |
15.3 Determining the Form of the Rate Law |
15.4 The Integrated Rate Law |
15.5 Rate Laws: A Summary |
15.6 Reaction Mechanisms |
15.7 The Steady-State Approximation |
15.8 A Model for Chemical Kinetics |
15.9 Catalysis |
16 Liquids and Solids |
16.1 Intermolecular Forces |
16.2 The Liquid State |
16.3 An Introduction to Structures and Types of Solids |
16.4 Structure and Bonding in Metals |
16.5 Carbon and Silicon: Network Atomic Solids |
16.6 Molecular Solids |
16.7 Ionic Solids |
16.8 Structures of Actual Ionic Solids |
16.9 Lattice Defects |
16.10 Vapor Pressure and Changes of State |
16.11 Phase Diagrams |
16.12 Nanotechnology |
17 Properties of Solutions |
17.1 Solution Composition |
17.2 The Thermodynamics of Solution Formation |
17.3 Factors Affecting Solubility |
17.4 The Vapor Pressures of Solutions |
17.5 Boiling-Point Elevation and Freezing-Point Depression |
17.6 Osmotic Pressure |
17.7 Colligative Properties of Electrolyte Solutions |
17.8 Colloids |
18 The Representative Elements |
18.1 A Survey of the Representative Elements |
18.2 The Group 1A Elements |
18.3 The Chemistry of Hydrogen |
18.4 The Group 2A Elements |
18.5 The Group 3A Elements |
18.6 The Group 4A Elements |
18.7 The Group 5A Elements |
18.8 The Chemistry of Nitrogen |
18.9 The Chemistry of Phosphorus |
18.10 The Group 6A Elements |
18.11 The Chemistry of Oxygen |
18.12 The Chemistry of Sulfur |
18.13 The Group 7A Elements |
18.14 The Group 8A Elements |
19 Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry |
19.1 The Transition Metals: A Survey |
19.2 The First-Row Transition Metals |
19.3 Coordination Compounds |
19.4 Isomerism |
19.5 Bonding in Complex Ions: The Localized Electron Model |
19.6 The Crystal Field Model |
19.7 The Molecular Orbital Model |
19.8 The Biological Importance of Coordination Complexes |
20 The Nucleus: A Chemist's View |
20.1 Nuclear Stability and Radioactive Decay |
20.2 The Kinetics of Radioactive Decay |
20.3 Nuclear Transformations |
20.4 Detection and Uses of Radioactivity |
20.5 Thermodynamic Stability of the Nucleus |
20.6 Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion |
20.7 Effects of Radiation |
21 Organic and Biochemical Molecules |
21.1 Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons |
21.2 Alkenes and Alkynes |
21.3 Aromatic Hydrocarbons |
21.4 Hydrocarbon Derivatives |
21.5 Polymers |
21.6 Natural Polymers Appendix |
1 Mathematical Procedures |
A1.1 Exponential Notation |
A1.2 Logarithms |
A1.3 Graphing Functions |
A1.4 Solving Quadratic Equations |
A1.5 Uncertainties in Measurements |
A1.6 Significant Figures Appendix |
2 Units of Measurement and Conversions Among Units |
A2.1 Measurements |
A2.2 Unit Conversions Appendix |
3 Spectral Analysis Appendix |
4 Selected Thermodynamic Data Appendix |
5 Equilibrium Constants and Reduction Potentials |
Glossary |
Answers to Selected Exercises |
Photo Credits |
Index |