Modulation, detection and coding

Title:

Personal Author:

Oberg, Tommy

Publication Information:

New York; John Wiley & Sons, 2001

ISBN:

9780471497660

Subject Term:

Modulation (Electronics)

Signal detection

Coding theory

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000004791483	TK7872.M6 O26 2001	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

Telecommunications constitute an increasingly important part ofhuman society. In some ways, they are a foundation on whichindustrial countries rely. Telecommunications play in numerousareas including, banking, air traffic control, medicine, digitaland voice communications. More and more people need to understandthe foundations of modern telecommunications.

The purpose of this book is to give an introduction to coding andmodulation methods as well as other signal processing within moderntelecom-munica-tions, using basic starting points. The principaltopics are source coding, channel coding, modulation and detection.Adaptive channel equalisers and adaptive antennas, which areimportant parts of the detection process in many systems, are alsocovered and there are sections about link budget, sychronisation,together with codes and detectors for CDMA. The aim is to give thereader an understanding of the basic functions in telecommunicationsystems and the methods that are used for the analysis of acomplete system.

Telecommunications is a field which develops quickly. Anunderstanding of analysing methods which goes beyond simply anunderstanding of the results of the analysis is valuable knowledge- knowledge that will remain relevant over time and which will aidin understanding new developments as they arise.

This text contains theory, fully solved examples, exercises withanswers and a short presentation of some communication systems.Basic knowledge in signal processing and probability theory is anecessity to acquire the material. The book is intended for courseson at least the master level but can also be used for self study.

Author Notes

Tommy Öberg is Associate Professor at the Signals and SystemsGroup, Uppsala University. He has a many years of experience as ateacher and researcher within the university and has been involvedin a number of development projects in industry.

Preface	p. xi
1 Telecommunications	p. 1
1.1 Usage today	p. 1
1.2 History	p. 1
1.3 Basic elements	p. 5
1.3.1 Transmitter side	p. 6
1.3.2 The channel	p. 6
1.3.3 Receiver side	p. 6
1.3.4 Another system for communication	p. 7
1.3.5 The scope of the book	p. 7
1.4 Multiple user systems	p. 8
1.4.1 Methods for multiple access	p. 8
1.4.2 Continued analysis	p. 15
1.5 Appendix: the division and usage of the electomagnetic spectrum	p. 15
2 Link Budget	p. 19
2.1 Signal to noise ratio	p. 19
2.1.1 Calculation of the signal power	p. 20
2.1.2 Calculation of noise	p. 24
2.1.3 SNR in digital transmission	p. 30
3 Information Theory and Source Coding	p. 37
3.1 The concept of information	p. 38
3.1.1 Discrete source	p. 40
3.1.2 Continuous source	p. 41
3.2 Channel	p. 43
3.2.1 Mutual information	p. 44
3.2.2 Channel models	p. 46
3.2.3 Calculation of channel capacity	p. 48
3.3 Source coding	p. 55
3.3.1 Data compression	p. 56
3.3.2 Speech coding	p. 70
3.4 Appendix	p. 76
3.4.1 Example of image coding, MPEG	p. 76
4 Channel Coding	p. 81
4.1 Error detection and error correction	p. 81
4.1.1 Fundamental concepts in block coding	p. 83
4.1.2 Performance of block codes	p. 86
4.2 Automatic repeat request	p. 95
4.2.1 Function of ARQ systems	p. 95
4.2.2 Performance of ARQ systems	p. 97
4.3 Block codes	p. 100
4.3.1 Galois fields	p. 100
4.3.2 Linear block codes	p. 102
4.3.3 Cyclic codes	p. 111
4.3.4 Non-binary block codes	p. 123
4.3.5 Modifying block codes	p. 126
4.4 Convolutional codes	p. 129
4.4.1 Description of convolutional codes	p. 129
4.4.2 Performance of convolutional codes	p. 135
4.4.3 Decoding of convolutional codes	p. 141
4.5 Interleaving	p. 155
4.6 Turbo coding	p. 157
4.6.1 Coding	p. 158
4.6.2 Decoding	p. 159
4.7 Cryptography	p. 170
4.7.1 The RSA algorithm	p. 174
4.8 Appendix	p. 177
4.8.1 Examples on application of error correcting coding	p. 181
5 Modulation	p. 185
5.1 Baseband modulation	p. 186
5.1.1 Precoding	p. 187
5.1.2 Pulse shapes for lowpass channels	p. 188
5.2 Calculation methods for bandpass systems and signals	p. 192
5.3 Analogue carrier modulation	p. 202
5.3.1 Analogue amplitude modulation	p. 203
5.3.2 Analogue phase and frequency modulation	p. 215
5.4 Digital carrier modulation	p. 222
5.4.1 Digital amplitude modulation	p. 223
5.4.2 Digital phase and frequency modulation	p. 225
5.4.3 Non-linear methods with memory	p. 227
5.4.4 Spectrum in digital modulation	p. 237
5.4.5 Combined modulation and error correction coding	p. 251
5.4.6 Transmission using multiple carriers	p. 258
5.5 Appendix	p. 260
5.5.1 Various frequency pulses	p. 260
5.5.2 Computing spectra for signals with large state diagrams	p. 261
6 Detection in Noise	p. 265
6.1 Fundamentals of narrowband noise	p. 266
6.2 Analogue systems	p. 269
6.2.1 Influence of noise at amplitude modulation	p. 269
6.2.2 Noise in angle modulation	p. 274
6.3 Digital systems	p. 280
6.3.1 Optimal receiver	p. 281
6.3.2 Signal space	p. 289
6.3.3 Calculation of bit error rate	p. 297
6.3.4 Calculation of error rate for a complicated decision space	p. 313
6.3.5 Non-coherent receivers	p. 316
6.3.6 Comparison of some types of modulation	p. 326
6.4 Diversity	p. 337
6.4.1 Methods of combination	p. 338
6.4.2 Bit error rate	p. 339
6.5 The radio receiver	p. 340
6.6 Appendix	p. 343
6.6.1 Error probabilities for some cases of modulation	p. 343
6.6.2 The Q-function	p. 343
6.6.3 Some important density functions in communication	p. 345
6.6.4 Norm	p. 345
7 Adaptive Channel Equalisers	p. 351
7.1 Channel equaliser	p. 352
7.1.1 Zero forcing equaliser	p. 353
7.1.2 Equalisers based on minimum mean square error	p. 354
7.2 Algorithms for adaptation	p. 358
7.2.1 The LMS algorithm	p. 361
7.2.2 The recursive least squares algorithm	p. 370
7.3 Appendix	p. 374
7.3.1 Systolic array	p. 374
8 Adaptive Antennas	p. 377
8.1 Array antennas	p. 377
8.1.1 Antennas with steerable main beam	p. 378
8.1.2 Vector description of the output signal of array antennas	p. 382
8.1.3 Multilobe antennas	p. 384
8.2 Signal processing with array antennas	p. 388
8.2.1 The reference signal method	p. 388
8.2.2 The linear constraint minimum variance method	p. 389
8.2.3 Music	p. 392
8.3 Spatio-temporal equalisers	p. 396
8.3.1 The transmission channel	p. 396
8.3.2 ST-MLSE	p. 399
8.3.3 ST-MMSE	p. 402
8.3.4 Estimation of channel parameters	p. 404
9 CDMA: Codes and Detectors	p. 407
9.1 Spreading codes	p. 408
9.1.1 Walsh codes	p. 409
9.1.2 m-Sequences	p. 411
9.1.3 Gold sequences	p. 415
9.1.4 Kasami sequences	p. 416
9.2 Detectors for CDMA	p. 416
9.2.1 Linear detectors	p. 418
9.2.2 Interference cancellation	p. 422
9.3 Appendix: generator polynomials for m-sequences	p. 424
10 Synchronisation	p. 425
10.1 Introduction	p. 425
10.2 Fundamentals of phase locked loops	p. 426
10.2.1 Analysis of an analogue phase-locked loop	p. 426
10.2.2 Digital phase locked loop	p. 432
10.3 Carrier synchronisation	p. 434
10.3.1 Squaring loop	p. 435
10.3.2 Costas loop	p. 436
10.4 Clock synchronisation	p. 437
10.5 Frame synchronisation	p. 438
10.5.1 Synchronisation probability	p. 438
10.5.2 Synchronisation codes	p. 440
10.5.3 Locking strategies	p. 441
Appendix A	p. 443
A.1 Review of mobile telephone systems	p. 443
A.1.1 Second generation systems	p. 444
A.1.2 Third generation systems	p. 445
A.1.3 Roaming	p. 445
A.2 Review of sysems for cordless telephones	p. 447
A.3 Review of television systems	p. 448
A.4 Digital Television	p. 449
A.4.1 Source coding	p. 449
A.4.2 Modulation	p. 450
A.4.3 Channel coding	p. 451
A.5 FM broadcasting and RDS	p. 453
A.6 Digital audio broadcasting	p. 455
A.6.1 Source coding	p. 455
A.6.2 Channel coding	p. 456
A.6.3 Modulation	p. 456
Answers to exercises	p. 457
Index	p. 463

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Author Notes

Table of Contents