Simulation-based engineering of complex systems

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Title:

Personal Author:

Clymer, John R.

Publication Information:

Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2009

Physical Description:

1 CD-ROM ; 12 cm.

ISBN:

9780470401293

General Note:

Accompanies text of the same title : QA402 C59 2009

Subject Term:

System analysis -- Simulation methods

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010182250	CP 016515	Computer File Accompanies Open Access Book	Compact Disc Accompanies Open Access Book	Searching... Unknown

Summary

A hands-on approach to understanding, designing, analyzing, and evaluating complex systems

During the last few years, Simulation-Based Systems Engineering (SBSE) has become an essential tool for the design and evaluation of complex systems. This is the first book to cover the basic principles of complex systems through the use of hands-on experimentation using an icon-based simulation tool.

Utilizing the accompanying software tool ExtendSim, which works with the OpEMCSS library, readers are invited to engage in simulation-based

experiments that demonstrate the principles of complex systems with an

emphasis on design, analysis, and evaluation. A number of real-world examples are included to demonstrate how to model complex systems across a range of engineering, business, societal, economic, and scientific disciplines.

Beginning with an introduction to SBSE, the book covers:

Simulation concepts and building blocks

Systems design and model development

Markov model development

Reliability processes

Queuing theory in SBSE

Rule-based learning and adaptation

Agent motion and spatial interactions

Multi-agent system of systems

Assuming only a very basic background in problem-solving ability, this book is ideal as a textbook for students (a homework solution manual is also available) and as a reference book for practitioners in industry.

Author Notes

John R. Clymer, Phd, is a Professor at California State University at Fullerton.

Preface	p. xiii
Acknowledgments	p. xvii
Overview	p. xix
1 Introduction to Simulation-Based Systems Engineering	p. 1
1.1 Definition of Complex Systems	p. 3
1.1.1 Exercise: Model a Goal-Oriented Activity	p. 6
1.1.2 Agent-Based System Architectures	p. 9
1.1.3 Simulation and AI-Based System Design	p. 11
1.1.4 Expansionism Versus Reductionism	p. 12
1.1.5 Summary	p. 15
1.2 Using Simulation to Understand Complex Systems	p. 15
1.2.1 ExtendSim Discrete-Event Simulation User Environment and OpEMCSS Overview	p. 15
1.2.2 Simulation Model Development Procedure	p. 17
1.2.3 Simulation Programs: How Serial and Parallel Process Models Work	p. 21
1.2.4 Sensitivity Analysis	p. 29
1.3 Bringing Complex Systems into Being	p. 30
1.3.1 Definition of Systems Engineering	p. 31
1.3.2 Levels of System Description	p. 33
1.3.3 Systems Engineering Life Cycle	p. 35
1.3.4 Simulation of the System Development Process	p. 38
1.3.5 Simulation-Based Systems Engineering	p. 46
1.4 Summary	p. 47
Problems	p. 50
References	p. 53
Bibliography	p. 53
2 Simulation Concepts and Building Blocks	p. 55
2.1 Statistical Aspects of Simulation	p. 56
2.1.1 Convergence Theorems	p. 57
2.1.2 Uniform Random-Number Generator	p. 58
2.1.3 Discrete Probability Distributions	p. 59
2.1.4 Goodness-of-Fit Test	p. 60
2.1.5 Generation of Random Variables	p. 62
2.2 OpEM Graphical Modeling Language	p. 64
2.2.1 Petri Nets	p. 65
2.2.2 OpEM Graphs	p. 68
2.3 OpEM Parallel Process Simulations	p. 72
2.3.1 Sequential Process Event	p. 76
2.3.2 Split Event	p. 78
2.3.3 Complex Assemble Event	p. 80
2.3.4 Simple Assemble Event	p. 83
2.3.5 Comparison of Petri Nets and OpEM Graphs	p. 84
2.4 OpEMCSS Simulation of Context-Sensitive Systems	p. 86
2.4.1 Types of CSS Process Interactions and Timeline Analysis	p. 86
2.4.2 How ExtendSim Has Been Modified to Implement the OpEM Language	p. 88
2.4.3 How OpEMCSS Blocks Work Together to Model an Example CSS	p. 90
2.4.4 Summary	p. 98
2.5 An OpEM Example of Preemptive Scheduling	p. 99
2.6 Summary	p. 112
Problems	p. 114
References	p. 118
Bibliography	p. 119
3 Systems Design and Model Development	p. 120
3.1 Inventory System	p. 122
3.1.1 Inventory System Model Development	p. 122
3.1.2 Inventory System Model Description	p. 125
3.1.3 Inventory System Model Operation	p. 132
3.1.4 Summary	p. 132
3.2 Part Production System	p. 134
3.2.1 Part Production System Model Development	p. 134
3.2.2 Part Production System Model Description	p. 137
3.2.3 Part Production System Model Operation	p. 141
3.3 Seaport System	p. 142
3.3.1 Seaport System Model Development	p. 142
3.3.2 Seaport System Model Description	p. 145
3.3.3 Seaport System Model Operation	p. 151
3.4 Advanced Features of OpEMCSS	p. 153
3.4.1 Expanded Split and Assemble Operation	p. 154
3.4.2 Preemption of a Resource	p. 167
3.4.3 "Wake Up" a Passivated Process	p. 172
3.5 Summary	p. 172
Problems	p. 174
References	p. 176
4 Markov Model Development	p. 177
4.1 Discrete-Time Markov Chains	p. 178
4.1.1 Stochastic Processes	p. 178
4.1.2 Transition Probabilities	p. 179
4.1.3 Properties of a Finite-State Markov Chain	p. 180
4.1.4 Development of [P] n	p. 181
4.1.5 Steady-State Solution	p. 182
4.1.6 First-Passage Times	p. 187
4.2 Continuous-Time Markov Processes	p. 189
4.2.1 Poisson Distribution	p. 189
4.2.2 Kolmogorov Differential Equations	p. 191
4.2.3 Transition Intensities for Poisson Process	p. 194
4.2.4 Transition Matrix for Several Examples	p. 196
4.2.5 Markov Process Model of a Queuing System	p. 199
4.2.6 Summary of Assumptions	p. 203
4.3 Semi-Markov Flow Graphs	p. 205
4.3.1 Definitions	p. 206
4.3.2 Laplace Transforms	p. 207
4.3.3 Flow-Graph Reduction	p. 210
4.3.4 Thief of Baghdad Process	p. 213
4.3.5 General Reaction Time Distributions	p. 215
4.3.6 Summary of Flow-Graph Techniques	p. 217
4.4 System Design and Evaluation Using Markov Models	p. 217
4.4.1 Data Communications System Design Problem	p. 217
4.4.2 Markov Model of Sequential Link Operation	p. 219
4.4.3 Markov Model of Parallel Link Operation	p. 222
4.4.4 Sensitivity of Link Effectiveness	p. 227
4.4.5 Conclusions	p. 232
Problems	p. 234
References	p. 237
Bibliography	p. 237
5 Reliability Processes	p. 238
5.1 Definitions	p. 238
5.1.1 System	p. 238
5.1.2 Multidimensional System Analysis	p. 239
5.1.3 Equipment Dependency Diagrams	p. 240
5.1.4 Reliability	p. 241
5.1.5 Reliability Process	p. 243
5.2 Reliability of Nonmaintained Module Groups	p. 244
5.2.1 Method	p. 244
5.2.2 Series Module Group	p. 245
5.2.3 Parallel Module Group	p. 246
5.2.4 Series-Parallel Module Group	p. 246
5.2.5 Four-Module Group	p. 247
5.2.6 Logic Techniques	p. 248
5.3 Availability of Maintained Module Groups	p. 249
5.3.1 Method	p. 249
5.3.2 Series Module Group	p. 249
5.3.3 Parallel Module Group	p. 252
5.3.4 Analysis of Maintained Module Groups	p. 253
5.4 Dependence of System Performance on Reliability	p. 253
5.4.1 System of Three Radars and Two Detection Consoles	p. 253
5.4.2 State-Space Equation	p. 254
5.4.3 Validation of Model Results	p. 256
5.4.4 Sensitivity Curve	p. 257
5.5 Summary	p. 258
Problems	p. 258
Bibliography	p. 260
6 Queuing Theory in Simulation-Based Systems Engineering	p. 261
6.1 Single-Queue, Single-Server Process	p. 262
6.1.1 Supermarket Checkout Stand	p. 262
6.1.2 Parallel Process	p. 263
6.1.3 Operational Sequence	p. 265
6.1.4 Finite Queue Model	p. 266
6.1.5 Infinite Queue Model	p. 271
6.1.6 Gamma Service Time	p. 274
6.2 Single-Queue, Two-Server Process	p. 275
6.2.1 Bank	p. 275
6.2.2 Parallel Process	p. 275
6.2.3 Operational Sequence	p. 277
6.2.4 Finite Queue Model	p. 278
6.2.5 Infinite Queue Model	p. 280
6.3 Comparison of Simulation, Markov Process, and Queuing Theory Models	p. 281
Problems	p. 283
Bibliography	p. 285
7 Rule-Based Learning and Adaptation	p. 286
7.1 Classifier Systems	p. 287
7.2 Induction of Decision-Making Rules	p. 289
7.2.1 Overview of the Rule Induction Problem	p. 289
7.2.2 Situational Universe for a Classifier System	p. 291
7.2.3 Lessons Learned from Previous Research	p. 293
7.2.4 Theory of Inductive Learning of Decision-Making Rules	p. 295
7.2.5 Summary of Induction Methods and Theory	p. 297
7.3 Supervisory Rule Learning	p. 297
7.3.1 Classifier Event Action Block	p. 297
7.3.2 Induction Process Model	p. 302
7.4 Generation of Planning Rules	p. 308
7.4.1 Prisoner's Dilemma	p. 308
7.4.2 Finite-State Machine Model	p. 313
7.4.3 Grid World Model	p. 318
7.5 Summary	p. 320
7.6 Conclusions	p. 322
References	p. 323
Bibliography	p. 324
8 Agent Motion and Spatial Interactions	p. 325
8.1 Discrete-Event Model of Continuous Motion	p. 326
8.1.1 Range Closing/Range Not Closing Interaction	p. 326
8.1.2 Angle Closing/Angle Not Closing Interaction	p. 331
8.1.3 Intercept Interaction	p. 334
8.2 Agent Motion and Spatial Interaction Blocks	p. 335
8.2.1 Initialize Agent Event Action	p. 335
8.2.2 Change Agent Event Action	p. 336
8.2.3 Agent Interaction Event Action	p. 338
8.2.4 Animation Event Action	p. 342
8.3 World Model	p. 343
8.4 Sonar Array System	p. 354
8.5 Summary	p. 366
Bibliography	p. 368
9 Multiagent System of Systems	p. 369
9.1 Agents and Agent Interactions	p. 370
9.1.1 Agents	p. 370
9.1.2 Agent Interactions in System of Systems	p. 373
9.1.3 Bringing Multiagent Systems of Systems into Being	p. 375
9.2 Elevator System	p. 376
9.2.1 Person Arrival Process	p. 376
9.2.2 Person Process	p. 378
9.2.3 Elevator Motion Process	p. 379
9.2.4 Evaluation of Elevator System Performance	p. 382
9.3 Distributed, Vehicle Traffic Light Control System	p. 383
9.3.1 Traffic Control Agent	p. 384
9.3.2 Fuzzy Control	p. 387
9.3.3 Simulation of a Vehicle Traffic Control Network	p. 388
9.3.4 Results of Simulation Runs	p. 392
9.4 Communication Blocks for Multiagent Systems	p. 394
9.4.1 Memory Event Action Block	p. 394
9.4.2 Analysis Event Action Block	p. 397
9.4.3 Send Message Event Action Block	p. 400
9.4.4 Plan Execution Event Action Block	p. 401
9.4.5 Message Passing in a Multiagent System	p. 402
9.5 Summary	p. 406
References	p. 408
Bibliography	p. 409
Appendix A OpEMCSS User's Manual	p. 410
A.1 Minimum Requirements for Successful CSS Modeling Languages	p. 411
A.2 Modeling Languages Survey	p. 412
A.2.1 Petri Nets	p. 412
A.2.2 IDEF0 Diagrams	p. 412
A.2.3 ExtendSim Queuing Models	p. 413
A.2.4 Modeling Languages Survey Summary	p. 413
A.3 Operational Evaluation Modeling (OpEM) Historical Overview	p. 413
A.4 OpEMCSS Familiarization Exercises	p. 416
A.4.1 How to Set Up ExtendSim LT-RunTime	p. 416
A.4.2 ExtendSim Environment Overview	p. 418
A.4.3 Block Familiarization Exercises	p. 424
A.5 Overview of Context-Sensitive Event Action Blocks	p. 433
A.5.1 Message Event Action Block	p. 433
A.5.2 Context-Sensitive Event Action Block	p. 434
A.5.3 Event Action Block	p. 434
A.6 Summary	p. 434
References	p. 435
Appendix B Overview of OpEMCSS Library Blocks	p. 436
B.1 Definition of OpEMCSS Block Categories	p. 436
B.2 Description of OpEMCSS Blocks by Category	p. 437
B.2.1 Category 1	p. 437
B.2.2 Category 2	p. 439
B.2.3 Category 3	p. 441
B.2.4 Category 4	p. 444
B.2.5 Category 5	p. 454
B.2.6 Category 6	p. 464
B.2.7 Category 7	p. 469
B.2.8 Category 8	p. 473
B.2.9 Category 9	p. 475
B.3 Summary of OpEMCSS Block Categories	p. 476
Appendix C Programming OpEMCSS Special Blocks	p. 477
C.1 Special Event Action Block Dialogs	p. 478
C.2 Execute Event Action Procedure	p. 478
C.3 Summary	p. 484
Index	p. 487

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