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Summary
Summary
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THE DEFINITIVE GUIDE TO HVAC DESIGN
This practical manual describes the HVAC system design process step by step using photographs, drawings, and a discussion of pertinent design considerations for different types of HVAC components and systems. Photographs of HVAC components in their installed condition illustrate actual size and proper configuration. Graphical representations of the components as they should appear on construction drawings are also included. Learn how to design HVAC systems accurately and efficiently from this detailed resource.
HVAC DESIGN SOURCEBOOK COVERS:
The design process HVAC load calculations Codes and standards Coordination with other design disciplines Piping, valves, and specialties Central plant equipment and design Air system equipment and design Piping and ductwork distribution systems Terminal equipment Noise and vibration control Automatic temperature controls Construction drawingsAuthor Notes
W. Larsen Angel, P.E., LEED-AP , is a principal in the MEP consulting engineering firm of Green Building Energy Engineers. He has worked in the MEP consulting engineering industry for over 20 years. He has contributed to the development of design standards and continues to find new ways to streamline the HVAC system design process. Larsen is a Member of the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)and is certified by ASHRAE as a Commissioning Process Management Professional (CPMP).
Table of Contents
Preface | p. xiii |
Acknowledgments | p. xv |
1 What Is HVAC? | p. 1 |
2 The Design Process | p. 3 |
HVAC Load Calculations | p. 3 |
Terms | p. 4 |
Geographical Location | p. 5 |
Building Materials | p. 6 |
Unconditioned Spaces | p. 8 |
Conditioned Spaces | p. 8 |
Zones | p. 10 |
Air Systems | p. 10 |
Central Plant | p. 11 |
Codes and Standards | p. 11 |
Codes | p. 11 |
Standards | p. 12 |
System Selection | p. 12 |
Design Team Members | p. 13 |
Design Submissions | p. 14 |
Schematic Design | p. 14 |
Design Development | p. 15 |
Construction Documents | p. 28 |
Endnotes | p. 33 |
3 Piping, Valves, and Specialties | p. 35 |
Pipe, Fittings, and Joints | p. 36 |
Steel Pipe | p. 36 |
Steel Pipe Fittings and Joints | p. 37 |
Specification for Steel Pipe, Fittings, and Joints | p. 39 |
Copper Tube | p. 40 |
Copper Fittings and Joints | p. 41 |
Specification for Copper Tube, Fittings, and Joints | p. 42 |
Valves | p. 42 |
Functions | p. 43 |
Types | p. 44 |
Operating Conditions | p. 60 |
Materials | p. 63 |
Ends | p. 64 |
Specialties | p. 64 |
Meters | p. 64 |
Pressure Gauges | p. 67 |
Test Plugs | p. 68 |
Strainers | p. 68 |
Suction Diffusers | p. 69 |
Flexible Pipe Connectors | p. 70 |
Air Vents and Drains | p. 70 |
Endnotes | p. 74 |
4 Central Plant | p. 77 |
Heating Equipment | p. 77 |
Boilers | p. 77 |
Heat Exchangers | p. 91 |
Cooling Equipment | p. 99 |
Chillers | p. 99 |
Cooling Towers | p. 114 |
Auxiliary Hydronic Equipment | p. 123 |
Air Separator | p. 123 |
Chemical Treatment | p. 126 |
Expansion Tank | p. 127 |
Makeup Water Assembly | p. 130 |
Pumps | p. 132 |
4-Pipe and 2-Pipe Heating and Cooling Plants | p. 137 |
Design Considerations | p. 137 |
Water-Source Heat Pump Plant | p. 142 |
Design Considerations | p. 145 |
Equipment Room Design | p. 145 |
Endnotes | p. 148 |
5 Air Systems | p. 151 |
Air System Types | p. 152 |
HVAC Air Systems | p. 153 |
Ventilation Air Systems | p. 161 |
Air Pressurization Calculations | p. 171 |
Air System Equipment | p. 172 |
Physical Characteristics | p. 172 |
Connections | p. 178 |
Design Considerations | p. 186 |
Endnotes | p. 190 |
6 Piping and Ductwork Distribution Systems | p. 193 |
Equations and Conversion Factors | p. 193 |
Piping Systems | p. 194 |
General Design Guidelines | p. 194 |
Hydronic System Design Fundamentals | p. 205 |
Low-Pressure Steam System Design Fundamentals | p. 210 |
Insulation | p. 219 |
Duct Systems | p. 220 |
Construction | p. 220 |
General Design Guidelines | p. 226 |
Air Devices | p. 237 |
Coordination With Other Disciplines | p. 240 |
Endnotes | p. 241 |
7 Terminal Equipment | p. 245 |
Heating-Only Equipment | p. 247 |
Finned-Tube Radiators | p. 247 |
Electric Radiators | p. 249 |
Duct Heating Coils | p. 249 |
Unit Heaters | p. 252 |
Cabinet Unit Heaters | p. 254 |
Heating and Cooling Equipment | p. 256 |
Fan-Coil Units | p. 256 |
Ductless Split-System Units | p. 263 |
Variable Air Volume Terminal Units | p. 268 |
Similarities of Single-Duct and Fan-Powered VAV Terminal Units | p. 268 |
Single-Duct VAV Terminal Units | p. 273 |
Fan-Powered VAV Terminal Units | p. 276 |
Comparison | p. 281 |
Coordination With Other Disciplines | p. 282 |
Endnotes | p. 282 |
8 Noise and Vibration Control | p. 285 |
Noise Control | p. 285 |
Sound Power and Sound Pressure | p. 285 |
Tonal Qualities of Sound | p. 286 |
Balanced and Unbalanced Sound | p. 286 |
A-Weighted Sound Pressure Level | p. 286 |
Outdoor Noise | p. 287 |
Indoor Noise | p. 288 |
Vibration Control | p. 291 |
Equipment Hangers and Supports | p. 291 |
Flexible Pipe and Duct Connectors | p. 293 |
Additional Resources | p. 293 |
Endnotes | p. 293 |
9 Automatic Temperature Controls | p. 295 |
Components | p. 296 |
Input | p. 296 |
Output | p. 302 |
Connections | p. 314 |
Systems | p. 314 |
Hot Water Cabinet Unit Heater | p. 315 |
Parallel Fan-Powered Variable Air Volume Terminal Unit | p. 316 |
VAV Air Handling Unit | p. 317 |
Building Automation Systems | p. 323 |
BAS Architecture | p. 323 |
Communication | p. 325 |
Interoperability | p. 325 |
Endnotes | p. 326 |
10 Construction Drawings | p. 329 |
Legend and Abbreviations | p. 329 |
Terminology | p. 329 |
Notes on Drawings | p. 332 |
General Notes | p. 332 |
Drawing Notes | p. 334 |
Key Notes | p. 335 |
Linework | p. 335 |
Computer-Aided Design Considerations | p. 336 |
CAD Standard | p. 337 |
Model Files | p. 337 |
Sheet Files | p. 337 |
Other Conventions | p. 338 |
Demolition Plans | p. 338 |
New Work Plans | p. 340 |
Section Drawings | p. 342 |
Large-Scale Plans | p. 343 |
Details | p. 343 |
Schedules | p. 350 |
Diagrams | p. 350 |
Flow Diagrams | p. 353 |
Riser Diagrams | p. 354 |
ATC Diagrams | p. 356 |
Endnotes | p. 358 |
Index | p. 361 |