Design and implementation of 3D graphics systems

Design and Implementation of 3D Graphics Systems covers the computational aspects of geometric modeling and rendering 3D scenes. Special emphasis is given to the architectural aspects of interactive graphics, geometric modeling, rendering techniques, the graphics pipeline, and the architecture of 3D graphics systems. The text describes basic 3D computer graphics algorithms and their implementation in the C language. The material is complemented by library routines for constructing graphics systems, which are available for download from the book's website. This book, along with its companion Computer Graphics: Theory and Practice, gives readers a full understanding of the principles and practices of implementing 3D graphics systems.

Author Notes

Luiz Velho is a researcher and professor at IMPA - Instituto de Matematica Pura e Aplicada of CNPq and the leading scientist of VISGRAF Laboratory.His experience in computer graphics spans the fields of modeling, rendering, imaging, and animation. He is the author of several books and has taught many courses on graphics-related topics.

Mario Costa Sousa is an Associate Professor at the Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Canada. Sousa holds the AITF/ Foundation CMG Industrial Research Chair in Scalable Reservoir Visualization and leads the Interactive Reservoir Modeling and Visualization (iRMV) Research Group. His research interests focus on scientific/engineering visualization, computer graphics, non-photorealistic rendering / illustrative visualization, sketch-based interfaces and modeling, mutli-surface interaction, interactive simulations and real-time graphics. He is widely published and has taught many courses on graphics/visualization-related topics.

Jonas Gomes is a professor at the Instituto de Matematica Pura e Aplicada (IMPA) in Rio de Janeiro. Gomes is also the head of the Department for Computer Activities at IMPA. He has published several books and research articles in the area of computer graphics.

About the Cover	p. xi
Preface	p. xv
1 Introduction	p. 1
1.1 Computer Graphics	p. 1
1.2 Scope and Applications	p. 2
1.3 Methodology	p. 2
1.4 System Architecture	p. 3
1.5 Implementation and Extensions	p. 3
1.6 Implementation Paradigm	p. 4
1.7 Graphic Standards	p. 4
1.8 Advanced Applications and Future Studies	p. 4
1.9 Content	p. 5
1.10 Supplemental Material	p. 6
2 Objects and Graphics Devices	p. 7
2.1 Graphics Objects	p. 7
2.2 Graphic Devices and Representation	p. 10
2.3 Classification of Graphics Devices	p. 12
2.4 Graphics Workstations	p. 13
2.5 The GP Graphics Package	p. 15
2.6 Comments and References	p. 24
3 Interaction and Graphical Interfaces	p. 27
3.1 Creating Interactive Programs	p. 27
3.2 Interaction Fundamentals	p. 28
3.3 Interaction Mechanisms	p. 29
3.4 Interface Objects	p. 32
3.5 Toolkits	p. 39
3.6 Polygon Line Editor	p. 45
3.7 Review	p. 52
3.8 Comments and References	p. 52
4 Geometry	p. 55
4.1 Geometry for Computer Graphics	p. 55
4.2 Euclidean Space	p. 56
4.3 Transformations in Euclidean Space	p. 60
4.4 Projective Space	p. 62
4.5 Projective Transformations in MP3	p. 64
4.6 Transformations of Geometric Objects	p. 70
4.7 Comments and References	p. 75
5 Color	p. 77
5.1 Color Foundations	p. 77
5.2 Device Color Systems	p. 81
5.3 Color Specification Systems	p. 83
5.4 Discretizing the Color Solid	p. 87
5.5 Comments and References	p. 89
6 Digital Image	p. 91
6.1 Foundations	p. 91
6.2 Format of the Image Representation	p. 93
6.3 Image Coding	p. 96
6.4 Comments and References	p. 98
7 Description of 3D Scenes	p. 101
7.1 3D Scenes	p. 101
7.2 Language Concepts	p. 103
7.3 An Extension Language	p. 106
7.4 Sublanguages and Applications	p. 118
7.5 Comments and References	p. 121
8 3D Geometric Models	p. 123
8.1 Foundations of Modeling	p. 123
8.2 Geometric Primitives	p. 127
8.3 Approximation of Surfaces and Polygonal Meshes	p. 140
8.4 Polygonal Surfaces	p. 141
8.5 Comments and References	p. 149
9 Modeling Techniques	p. 153
9.1 Foundations of Modeling Systems	p. 153
9.2 Constructive Models	p. 155
9.3 Generative Modeling	p. 162
9.4 Comments and References	p. 166
10 Hierarchies and Articulated Objects	p. 169
10.1 Geometric Links	p. 169
10.2 Hierarchies and Transformations	p. 172
10.3 Groups of Objects	p. 177
10.4 Animation	p. 184
10.5 Comments and References	p. 188
11 Viewing and Camera Transformations	p. 191
11.1 The Viewing Process	p. 191
11.2 Viewing Transformations	p. 198
11.3 Viewing Specification	p. 206
11.4 Comments and References	p. 209
12 Surface Clipping for Viewing	p. 211
12.1 Foundations of the Clipping Operation	p. 211
12.2 Clipping Trivial Cases	p. 212
12.3 Two-Step Clipping	p. 214
12.4 Sequential Clipping	p. 218
12.5 Comments of References	p. 222
13 Rasterization	p. 225
13.1 Foundations of Rasterization	p. 225
13.2 Incremental Methods	p. 226
13.3 Rasterization by Subdivision	p. 231
13.4 Comments and References	p. 233
14 Visible Surface Calculation	p. 237
14.1 Foundations	p. 237
14.2 Z-Buffer	p. 240
14.3 Ray Tracing	p. 241
14.4 The Painter's Algorithm	p. 244
14.5 Other Visibility Methods	p. 246
14.6 Comments and References	p. 248
15 Local Illumination Models	p. 251
15.1 Foundations	p. 251
15.2 Light Sources	p. 255
15.3 Local Illumination	p. 259
15.4 Materials	p. 261
15.5 Specification in the Language	p. 262
15.6 Comments and References	p. 264
16 Global Illumination	p. 267
16.1 Illumination Model	p. 267
16.2 Ray Tracing Method	p. 272
16.3 The Radiosity Method	p. 278
16.4 Comments and References	p. 286
17 Mapping Techniques	p. 289
17.1 Foundations	p. 289
17.2 Texture Function	p. 291
17.3 Texture Mapping	p. 294
17.4 Bump Mapping	p. 296
17.5 Reflection Mapping	p. 298
17.6 Light Sources Mapping	p. 299
17.7 Comments and References	p. 301
18 Shading	p. 303
18.1 Shading Function Sampling and Reconstruction	p. 303
18.2 Sampling Methods	p. 303
18.3 Basic Reconstruction Methods	p. 304
18.4 Reconstruction of Texture Attributes	p. 307
18.5 Imaging	p. 311
18.6 Comments and References	p. 312
19 3D Graphics Systems	p. 313
19.1 System A	p. 313
19.2 System B	p. 317
19.3 System C	p. 320
19.4 Projects	p. 324
Bibliography	p. 329
Index	p. 333

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Author Notes

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