Fundamentals in air pollution : from processes to modelling

Title:

Personal Author:

Sportisse, Bruno, 1970-

Publication Information:

Dordrecht ; New York : Springer, c2010

Physical Description:

x, 299 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.

ISBN:

9789048129690

Subject Term:

Air -- Pollution -- Mathematical models

Atmospheric chemistry -- Mathematical models

Atmospheric diffusion -- Mathematical models

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010256922	TD881 S664 2010	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

This book is a translation of the French book "Pollution atmosph rique. Des p- cessus la mod lisation", published by Springer France (2007). The content is mainly derived from a course devoted to air pollution I taught at cole nationale des ponts et chauss es (ENPC; one of the foremost French high schools, at ParisTech Institute of Technology and University Paris-Est) during the decade 1997-2006. This book has of course been deeply in uenced by my research activity at CEREA, the Teaching and Research Center for Atmospheric Envir- ment, a joint laboratory between ENPC and the Research and Development Di- sion of Electricit de France (EDF R&D), that I created and then headed from 2002 to 2007. I want to thank many of my colleagues for discussions, help and review. Thanks to Vivien Mallet for his careful review, his availability and his pieces of advice (both for the content and the form of this book). Thanks to Marc Bocquet, Karine Sartelet- Kata, Ir ne Korsakissok for their help in reviewing chapters. I want also to thank a few colleagues for having provided me illustrations from their research work. Thanks to Bastien Albriet, Marc Bocquet, douard Debry, Ir ne Korsakissok, H- sein Malakooti, Denis Qu lo, Yelva Roustan, Karine Sartelet, Christian Seigneur and Marilyne Tombette. Thanks also to the American family, C line and Julien, for their review of the introduction.

Reviews 1

Choice Review

Do not be confused by the word "fundamentals" in this book's title. It is far from being a qualitative treatment of air pollution intended for nonmajors. Sportisse (INRIA, France) begins with introductory background information and follows with chapters titled "Atmospheric Radiative Transfer," "Atmospheric Boundary Layer," and "Gas-phase Atmospheric Chemistry." Further chapters cover atmospheric particulates, aerosol dynamics, and the use of numerical simulation and chemistry transport models. Within this framework, the author briefly discusses traditional topics such as acid rain, ozone depletion, chlorofluorocarbon emissions, photochemical smog, and radioactive emissions from the nuclear accident at Chernobyl. It is assumed that readers are familiar with integral calculus and partial differentials, so the book is probably best for graduate students and advanced undergraduates who have strong mathematics backgrounds. Otherwise, the writing is very clear, and most readers will probably not notice that the book was translated (from French). The work includes about 70 challenging exercises (with solutions) that make it especially useful for self-study by professionals from other fields who wish to review this topic. Valuable for libraries that support programs in environmental chemistry, geophysics, meteorology, and air pollution engineering. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through professionals/practitioners. H. E. Pence SUNY College at Oneonta

Introduction	p. 1
Greenhouse Effect, Ozone Hole and Air Quality	p. 1
Brief History	p. 1
Accidents, Impacts and Regulatory Context	p. 4
A Multiplayer Game	p. 8
Role of Scientific Expertise	p. 10
Atmospheric Dilemma	p. 12
Book Objectives and Organization	p. 14
Bibliography	p. 16
1 Primer for the Atmospheric Composition	p. 17
1.1 Atmospheric Chemical Composition	p. 17
1.1.1 Trace Species	p. 17
1.1.2 Gases, Aerosols and Water Drops	p. 20
1.1.3 A Few Species	p. 21
1.1.4 Primary and Secondary Species	p. 21
1.2 Atmospheric Vertical Structure	p. 22
1.2.1 Atmospheric Layers	p. 22
1.2.2 Atmospheric Pressure	p. 25
1.2.3 Vertical Distribution of Species	p. 27
1.3 Timescales	p. 30
1.3.1 Timescales of Atmospheric Transport	p. 30
1.3.2 Atmospheric Residence Time for a Trace Species	p. 27
Problems Related to Chap. 1	p. 36
2 Atmospheric Radiative Transfer	p. 46
2.1 Primer for Radiative Transfer	p. 46
2.1.1 Definitions	p. 46
2.1.2 Energy Transitions	p. 46
2.1.3 Emissions	p. 50
2.1.4 Absorption	p. 52
2.1.5 Scattering	p. 55
2.1.6 Radiative Transfer Equation	p. 59
2.1.7 Additional Facts for Aerosols	p. 60
2.1.8 Albedo	p. 62
2.2 Applications to the Earth's Atmosphere	p. 63
2.2.1 Solar and Terrestrial Radiation	p. 63
2.2.2 Radiative Budget for the Earth/Atmosphere System	p. 68
2.2.3 Greenhouse Effect	p. 71
2.2.4 Aerosols, Clouds and Greenhouse Effect	p. 77
2.2.5 Atmospheric Pollution and Visibility	p. 84
Problems Related to Chap. 2	p. 87
3 Atmospheric Boundary Layer	p. 93
3.1 Meteorological Scales	p. 94
3.2 Atmospheric Boundary Layer	p. 96
3.2.1 Background	p. 96
3.2.2 Classification	p. 97
3.3 Thermal Stratification and Stability	p. 98
3.3.1 A Few Useful Concepts	p. 99
3.3.2 Stability	p. 101
3.3.3 Moist Air	p. 103
3.3.4 Daily Variation of the ABL Stability	p. 105
3.4 ABL Turbulence	p. 106
3.4.1 Background	p. 107
3.4.2 Scale Range and Averaging	p. 108
3.4.3 Turbulent Kinetic Energy	p. 110
3.4.4 Mixing Height and Turbulence Indicators	p. 111
3.5 Fundamentals of Atmospheric Dynamics	p. 113
3.5.1 Primer for Fluid Mechanics	p. 113
3.5.2 ABL Flow	p. 117
3.6 A Few Facts for the Urban Climate	p. 325
3.6.1 Thermal Forcing and Urban Breeze	p. 125
3.6.2 Energy Budget	p. 126
3.6.3 Urban Heat Island	p. 127
3.6.4 Urban Boundary Layer	p. 129
Problems Related to Chap. 3	p. 130
4 Gas-Phase Atmospheric Chemistry	p. 133
4.1 Primer for Atmospheric Chemistry	p. 134
4.1.1 Background for Chemical Kinetics	p. 134
4.1.2 Photochemical Reactions	p. 138
4.1.3 Atmosphere as an Oxidizing Reactor	p. 142
4.1.4 Chemical Lifetime	p. 144
4.1.5 Validity of Chemical Mechanisms	p. 149
4.2 Stratospheric Chemistry of Ozone	p. 150
4.2.1 Destruction and Production of Stratospheric Ozone	p. 150
4.2.2 Ozone Destruction Catalyzed by Bromide and Chloride Compounds	p. 154
4.2.3 Antarctic Ozone Hole	p. 156
4.3 Tropospheric Chemistry of Ozone	p. 159
4.3.1 Basic Facts for Combustion	p. 159
4.3.2 Photostationary State of Tropospheric Ozone	p. 162
4.3.3 Oxidation Chains of VOCs	p. 163
4.3.4 NO x -Limited Versus VOC-Limited Chemical Regimes	p. 165
4.3.5 Emission Reduction Strategies for Ozone Precursors	p. 167
4.3.6 Example of Photochemical Pollution at the Regional Scale: Case of Île-de-France Region	p. 170
4.3.7 Transcontinental Transport	p. 171
4.4 Brief Introduction to Indoor Air Quality	p. 172
Problems Related to Chap. 4	p. 174
5 Aerosols, Clouds and Rains	p. 179
5.1 Aerosols and Particles	p. 180
5.1.1 General Facts	p. 180
5.1.2 Residence Time and Vertical Distribution	p. 186
5.1.3 Aerosol Dynamics	p. 188
5.1.4 Parameterizations	p. 193
5.2 Aerosols and Clouds	p. 202
5.2.1 Primer for Clouds	p. 202
5.2.2 Saturation Vapor Pressure of Water, Relative Humidity and Dew Point	p. 203
5.2.3 Condensation Nuclei	p. 204
5.2.4 Mass Transfer Between the Gaseous Phase and Cloud Drops	p. 210
5.3 Acid Rains and Scavenging	p. 212
5.3.1 Acid Rains	p. 213
5.3.2 Wet Scavenging	p. 218
Problems Related to Chap. 5	p. 222
6 Toward Numerical Simulation	p. 231
6.1 Reactive Dispersion Equation	p. 232
6.1.1 Dilution and Off-Line Coupling	p. 232
6.1.2 Advection-Diffusion-Reaction Equations	p. 232
6.1.3 Averaged Models and Closure Schemes	p. 234
6.1.4 Boundary Conditions	p. 238
6.1.5 Model Hierarchy	p. 239
6.2 Fundamentals of Numerical Analysis for Chemistry-Transport Models	p. 245
6.2.1 Operator Splitting Methods	p. 245
6.2.2 Time Integration of Chemical Kinetics	p. 249
6.2.3 Advection Schemes	p. 254
6.3 Numerical Simulation of the General Dynamic Equation for Aerosols (GDE)	p. 260
6.3.1 Size Distribution Representation	p. 260
6.3.2 Coagulation	p. 263
6.3.3 Condensation and Evaporation	p. 263
6.4 State-of-the-Art Modeling System	p. 265
6.4.1 Forward Simulation	p. 265
6.4.2 Uncertainties	p. 265
6.4.3 Advanced Methods	p. 266
6.4.4 Model-to-Data Comparisons	p. 274
6.4.5 Applications	p. 275
6.5 Next-Generation Models	p. 278
Problems Related to Chap. 6	p. 279
Appendix 1 Units, Constants and Basic Data	p. 283
References	p. 285
Index	p. 293

Available:*

On Order

Summary

Summary

Reviews 1

Choice Review

Table of Contents