Cover image for Microturbines
Title:
Microturbines
Personal Author:
Publication Information:
Amsterdam : Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007
ISBN:
9780750684699

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30000010162345 TK1076 S62 2007 Open Access Book Book
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Summary

Summary

Small-scale gas turbines, known as Microturbines, represent an exciting new development in gas turbine technology. They can run in size from small, human-scale machines down to micro-sized mini-machines that can barely be seen by the naked eye. They also run a great diversity of fuel types, from various types of commercial gases to waste-generated gases. This new book by industry expert Claire Soares will fully describe the various types of microturbines, their applications, and their particular requirements for installation, maintenance and repair. It will explain how a microturbine the size of a refrigerator can power an entire school, hospital or small factory, which is particularly useful for onsite, remote installations. The book will also show how microturbines can be paired with one or more fuel cells to form a hybrid energy source, or can be teamed with any source of distributed power, such as a mall hydro-turbine or a wind turbine. Moreover, the reader will learn how microturbines can run on a variety of fuels that are far cruder than those required by most standard gas turbines; they can be made to run, for instance, using gas from a landfill or biomass source. The reader will find detailed information on costs, specifications, and maintenance and repair guidelines. Ample references and resources will provide the reader with tools for finding manufacturers and product specifications for their own particular needs.


Author Notes

Claire Soares is an ASME Fellow and industry consultant with more than 20 years' experience at such leading manufacturers of gas turbines as GE and Rolls Royce. Claire is a recognized turbomachinery specialist with particular expertise in optimal design selection and specification, and ensuring long-term successful operation for a given application.


Table of Contents

Prefacep. ix
Author's Notesp. xii
Introduction and Background Glossaryp. xiii
Glossaryp. xiii
Battery, Electricp. xiv
Fuel Cellp. xvi
Gas Turbinep. xxiii
Microturbinesp. xxvii
Abbreviations and Acronymsp. xxix
Part 1 Basic Microturbines
Chapter 1 Distributed Generation and Microturbinesp. 3
Chapter 2 Design and Components of Microturbinesp. 9
Thermodynamic Heat Cyclep. 10
Microturbine Packagep. 10
Recuperatorsp. 12
Bearingsp. 16
Generatorp. 17
Inlet Air Coolingp. 17
Firing (Turbine Inlet) Temperaturep. 18
Fuel Gas Compressorsp. 18
Combined Heat and Power Operationp. 18
Chapter 3 Microturbine Application and Performancep. 21
Power-Onlyp. 21
Combined Heat and Powerp. 23
Cost and Performance Characteristicsp. 23
Microturbine Design Considerationsp. 26
Part-Load Performancep. 28
Effects of Ambient Conditions on Performancep. 28
Combined Heat and Power Performancep. 30
Chapter 4 Microturbine Economics and Market Factorsp. 31
Sample Cost Data: Microturbine CHP Systemsp. 31
Sample Cost Data: Microturbine Power-Only Systemsp. 32
Case-Study 4-1 Determining Project Economics and ROIp. 34
Chapter 5 Microturbine Fuels and Emissionsp. 37
Fuelsp. 37
Emission Characteristicsp. 37
System Emissionsp. 39
Chapter 6 Microturbine Performance Optimization and Testingp. 41
Technology Paths to Increased Performancep. 41
Ceramic Materialsp. 43
Case 6-1

p. 45

Case 6-2

p. 46

Case 6-3

p. 52

Case 6-4

p. 54

Chapter 7 Microturbine Installation and Commissioningp. 63
Site Selectionp. 63
Floor Planningp. 67
Recommended Service Clearancesp. 68
Factors Affecting Performancep. 68
System Airflow Requirementsp. 70
Indoor Installationp. 71
Chapter 8 Microturbine Maintenance, Availability, and Life Cycle Usagep. 77
Maintenancep. 77
Availability and Lifep. 77
Part 2 Microturbine System Applications and Case Studies
Chapter 9 Microturbines Operating in Power-Only Applicationsp. 81
Case 9-1 Chemical Plantp. 82
Case 9-2 Factory Commissaryp. 82
Case 9-3 Hospitalp. 82
Case 9-4 Dairy Farmp. 82
Case 9-5 Mass Transit HEV Busesp. 82
Case 9-6 Office/Factory Buildingp. 83
Case 9-7 Universityp. 83
Case 9-8 Consumer Electronics Manufacturingp. 83
Project Developmentp. 88
Chapter 10 Combined Head and Power With Microturbinesp. 91
Types of Plantsp. 92
MicroCHPp. 92
What Makes a Plant a Good Candidate for CHP?p. 92
Microturbine CHP Systemsp. 92
CHP Funding Oportunitiesp. 112
Economics of CHPp. 113
Chapter 11 Unconventional Microturbine Fuelsp. 121
Case 11-1 Microturbine Generator Running on Landfill Gas in Floridap. 123
Case 11-2 Fuel Gas from Cow Manurep. 126
Case 11-3 Extracts from "Economic and Financial Aspects of Landfill Gas to Energy Project Development in Californiap. 131
Chapter 12 Competition for the Microturbine Industryp. 179
Competing Distributed Energy Systemsp. 183
Wind Hybrids and Other Sourcesp. 186
Biodiesel Fueled Wind-Diesel Hybridsp. 193
Producer Gas Hybridsp. 195
Biogas Hybridsp. 196
Solar Hybridsp. 198
Micro-Hydroelectric Hybridsp. 199
In Generalp. 201
Annex 1

p. 201

Chapter 13 Microturbines in Integrated Systems, Fuel Cells, and Hydrogen Fuelp. 203
1-MW Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Hybrid Fuel Cell/Microturbine Systemp. 205
Microturbine-Wind Hybridsp. 206
Fuel Cellsp. 209
Biofuels for Fuel Cellsp. 221
Fuel Reformingp. 226
Stationary and Transport Applications of Fuel Cellsp. 226
Fuel Cell Case Studiesp. 228
The Hydrogen Energy Vectorp. 230
Chapter 14 Microturbine Manufacturing and Packagingp. 235
Component Developmentp. 235
Chapter 15 Business Risk and Investment Considerationsp. 239
Internet Purchase and Internet Paid-Membership Sitesp. 239
Stock Offeringsp. 240
Government Support and New Legislationp. 243
Cultural Considerationsp. 247
Federal Life-Cycle Costing Proceduresp. 247
Chapter 16 The Future for Microturbine Technologyp. 249
"Thumbnail"-Sized Personal Turbinesp. 250
Referencesp. 255
Indexp. 259