Database cloud storage : the essential guide to Oracle automatic storage management

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Implement a Centralized Cloud Storage Infrastructure with Oracle Automatic Storage Management

Build and manage a scalable, highly available cloud storage solution. Filled with detailed examples and best practices, this Oracle Press guide explains how to set up a complete cloud-based storage system using Oracle Automatic Storage Management. Find out how to prepare hardware, build disk groups, efficiently allocate storage space, and handle security. Database Cloud Storage: The Essential Guide to Oracle Automatic Storage Management shows how to monitor your system, maximize throughput, and ensure consistency across servers and clusters.

Set up and configure Oracle Automatic Storage Management Discover and manage disks and establish disk groups Create, clone, and administer Oracle databases Consolidate resources with Oracle Private Database Cloud Control access, encrypt files, and assign user privileges Integrate replication, file tagging, and automatic failover Employ pre-engineered private cloud database consolidation tools Check for data consistency and resync failed disks

Code examples in the book are available for download

Author Notes

Nitin Vengurlekar is the co-founder and CTO of Viscosity North America, a leader in virtualization, Oracle Engineered Systems, Private Database Cloud, and RAC implementations.

With more than 25 years of IT experience, including OS390 systems programming, storage administration, system and database administration, Nitin is a seasoned systems architect who has successfully assisted numerous customers in deploying highly available Oracle systems.

Prior to joining Viscosity, Nitin worked for Oracle for more than 17 years, mostly in the Real Application Clusters (RAC) engineering group, with a primary emphasis on ASM and storage, and was a Database Cloud Architect/ Evangelist in the Oracle's Cloud Strategy Group. Nitin is a well-known Oracle technologist and speaker in the areas of Oracle Storage, high availability, Oracle RAC, and Private Database Cloud. He is the co-author of Oracle Automatic Storage Management and Oracle Data Guard 11g Handbook (both from Oracle Press) and has written many papers on storage, database internals, and database tuning as well as having served as a contributor to Oracle documentation and Oracle education material.

Acknowledgments	p. xv
Introduction	p. xvii
1 Automatic Storage Management in a Cloud World	p. 1
The Early Years	p. 2
First Release of ASM and Beyond	p. 4
The Cloud Changes Everything	p. 6
What Is the Cloud?	p. 6
Relational Databases in the Cloud	p. 6
ASM in the Cloud	p. 8
Common Storage Management	p. 9
Enterprise Cloud Robustness	p. 9
Enterprise Cloud Policy Management	p. 10
Cross-Cluster Sharing	p. 10
Summary	p. 10
2 ASM and Grid Infrastructure Stack	p. 11
Clusterware Primer	p. 12
OCR Overview	p. 12
Voting File Overview	p. 13
Grid Infrastructure Stack Overview	p. 13
Grid Infrastructure for Standalone Server	p. 15
Grid Infrastructure for Cluster	p. 15
Voting Files and Oracle Cluster Repository Files in ASM	p. 18
Voting Files in ASM	p. 18
Voting File Discovery	p. 20
Voting File Recovery	p. 20
Oracle Cluster Registry (OCR)	p. 21
OCR Recovery	p. 22
The Quorum Failure Group	p. 23
Clusterware Startup Sequence-Bootstrap If OCR Is Located in ASM	p. 24
Disk Groups and Clusterware Integration	p. 26
Summary	p. 28
3 ASM Instances	p. 29
Managing ASM Instance	p. 31
Starting Up an ASM Instance	p. 31
Stopping the ASM Instance	p. 32
Authentication for Accessing ASM Instances	p. 33
ASM and ASM SPFILE	p. 38
Managing the ASM SPFILE	p. 40
ASM Background Processes	p. 42
ASM SGA and Parameter Sizing	p. 43
ASM Health Check Monitor	p. 46
Summary	p. 48
4 ASM Disks and Disk Groups	p. 49
ASM Storage Provisioning	p. 50
ASM Storage Device Configuration	p. 51
ASM Disk Device Discovery	p. 52
Third-Party Volume Managers and ASM	p. 57
Preparing ASM Disks on NFS	p. 57
Direct NFS	p. 59
Preparing ASM Disks on OS Platforms	p. 59
Linux	p. 59
Solaris	p. 61
AIX	p. 61
ASM and Multipathing	p. 64
Linux Device Mapper	p. 65
Disk Group	p. 71
Disk Group Management	p. 72
ASM Redundancy and Failure Groups	p. 78
ASM and Intelligent Data Placement	p. 80
ASM and Extended Clusters	p. 84
Recovering from Transient and Permanent Disk Failures	p. 88
ASM and I/O Error Failure Management	p. 92
Space Management Views for ASM Redundancy	p. 96
Disk Groups and Attributes	p. 97
Attributes Overview	p. 97
Summary	p. 102
5 Managing Databases in ASM	p. 105
Interaction Between ASM and Database	p. 106
Cloning ASM and Database Homes	p. 107
Create Database in Command-Line Mode	p. 111
Database Interaction with ASM	p. 117
Disk Groups and Databases	p. 122
Transportable Tablespaces and ASM	p. 124
Performing the Preliminary Steps to Set Up the TTSs	p. 124
Alert Log Monitoring	p. 129
Monitoring the ASM Disk Group	p. 133
Issues DBAs Encounter with ASM	p. 136
Spfile with an Incorrect Initialization Parameter	p. 137
Archiver Is Stuck	p. 137
Moving the Control Files to ASM	p. 139
Use Cases for DBAs	p. 141
Impact of DB_UNIQUE_NAME for the ASM Directory Structure	p. 141
Backing Up the Database to the FRA Disk Group	p. 142
Specifying Default Locations for Data Files and Redo Logs	p. 143
Copying Files from One ASM Instance to Another	p. 145
How to Migrate from File System to ASM with Minimal Downtime	p. 149
How to Move a Tablespace from One Disk Group to Another	p. 153
Create Multiplexed Redo Logs	p. 155
Summary	p. 156
6 ASMLIB Concepts and Overview	p. 159
Benefits of ASMLIB	p. 160
Device Discovery	p. 160
I/O Processing	p. 161
ASMLIB Implementation	p. 162
ASMLIB Installation	p. 162
Setting Up and Configuring ASMLIB	p. 165
Managing Disks in ASMLIB	p. 166
Troubleshooting ASMLIB	p. 173
Summary	p. 177
7 ASM Files, Aliases, and Security	p. 179
ASM Filenames	p. 180
ASM Directories	p. 183
ASM Aliases	p. 184
Templates	p. 185
V$ASM_TEMPLATE	p. 187
ASM File Access Control	p. 187
ASM ACL Overview	p. 188
ASM ACL Setup Example	p. 189
Summary	p. 194
8 ASM Space Allocation and Rebalance	p. 195
ASM Space Allocation	p. 196
ASM Allocation Units	p. 196
ASM Extents	p. 197
ASM Striping	p. 198
Setting Larger AU Sizes for VLDBs	p. 199
ASM Rebalance	p. 200
Rebalance Operation	p. 200
Fast Rebalance	p. 207
Effects of Imbalanced Disks	p. 208
ASM and Storage Array Migration	p. 210
ASM and OS Migration	p. 211
Important Points on ASM Rebalance	p. 212
Summary	p. 213
9 ASM Operations	p. 215
ASM Instance Discovery	p. 216
RDBMS Operations on ASM Files	p. 216
File Create	p. 217
File Open	p. 218
File I/O	p. 218
File Close	p. 219
File Delete	p. 219
ASM File Allocation	p. 219
External Redundancy Disk Groups	p. 219
Variable-Sized Extents	p. 220
ASM Striping	p. 221
ASM Redundancy	p. 224
Failure Groups	p. 225
Disk Partners	p. 225
Allocation with ASM Redundancy	p. 226
I/O to ASM Mirrored Files	p. 226
Rebalance	p. 230
Resync	p. 232
Relocation	p. 233
ASM Instance Recovery and Crash Recovery	p. 234
Disk Discovery	p. 235
Mount Disk Group	p. 236
Create Disk Group	p. 237
Add Disk	p. 237
Online Disk	p. 237
Select from V$ASM_DISK and V$ASM_DISKGROUP	p. 237
Summary	p. 238
10 ACFS Design and Deployment	p. 239
ASM Cluster File System Overview	p. 240
ACFS File System Design	p. 243
ACFS File I/O	p. 243
ACFS Space Allocation	p. 244
Distributed Lock Manager (DLM)	p. 245
Metadata Buffer Cache	p. 246
Recovery	p. 246
ADVM Design	p. 248
ACFS Configuration and Deployment	p. 249
Configuring the Environment for ACFS	p. 250
ACFS Deployment	p. 251
CRS Managed ACFS File Systems	p. 251
Managing ACFS and ADVM	p. 257
ACFS File System Resize	p. 257
Unmounting File Systems	p. 258
Deleting File Systems	p. 259
ADVM Management	p. 260
ACFS Management	p. 261
Summary	p. 269
11 ACFS Data Services	p. 271
ACFS Snapshots	p. 272
ACFS Read-Only Snapshots	p. 272
ACFS Read-Write Snapshots	p. 273
ACFS Snapshot by Example	p. 273
ACFS Tagging	p. 275
ACFS Replication Overview	p. 276
Primary File System	p. 276
Current Restrictions (11.2.0.3)	p. 277
Standby File System	p. 277
Planning for ACFS Replication	p. 277
Tagging Considerations	p. 278
Setting Up Replication	p. 279
Replication Configuration and Initiation	p. 285
Pause and Resume Replication	p. 288
Sizing ACFS File Systems	p. 290
ACFS Compare Command	p. 291
Termination of Replication	p. 292
ACFS Security and Encryption	p. 293
Databases and Security	p. 293
ACFS Security	p. 294
Databases and Encryption	p. 299
ACFS and File Encryption	p. 299
ACFS Encryption Key Management	p. 300
ACFS Encryption Configuration and Use	p. 302
ACFS Snapshots, Security, and Encryption	p. 303
ACFS Security and Encryption Implementation	p. 303
Summary	p. 308
12 ASM Optimizations in Oracle Engineered Solutions	p. 309
Overview of Exadata	p. 310
Exadata Components	p. 310
11gR2 Database Optimizations for Exadata	p. 313
ASM Optimizations for Exadata	p. 314
ODA Overview	p. 318
ODA Components	p. 318
ASM Optimizations for ODA	p. 320
ODA and NFS	p. 323
Summary	p. 323
13 ASM Tools and Utilities	p. 325
ASMCA	p. 326
ASMCMD	p. 330
Renamedg	p. 332
ASM Storage Reclamation Utility (ASRU)	p. 338
Overview of ASRU Operation	p. 338
When to Use ASRU to Reclaim Storage	p. 339
Using ASRU to Reclaim Storage on 3Par: Use Cases	p. 340
KFOD	p. 344
AMDU	p. 346
Summary	p. 352
14 Oracle 12c ASM: A New Frontier	p. 353
Password Files in ASM	p. 354
Disk Management and Rebalance New Features	p. 355
Fast Disk Resync and Checkpoints	p. 355
Fast Disk Replacement	p. 356
Failure Group Repair Timer	p. 357
Rebalance Time Estimations	p. 357
File Priority Rebalance	p. 358
Flex ASM	p. 358
Flex ASM Clustering	p. 359
Flex ASM Listeners	p. 360
Flex ASM Network	p. 360
Remote ASM Access	p. 361
ASM Optimizations on Engineered Systems	p. 361
Error Checking and Scrubbing	p. 362
Other Miscellaneous Flex ASM Features	p. 363
Summary	p. 363
A Best Practices for Database Consolidation in Private Clouds	p. 365
Private Database Cloud Consolidation: The Business Drivers	p. 366
Initial Server Pool Sizing	p. 367
CPU	p. 368
Partitioning vs. Overprovisioning	p. 369
Memory	p. 370
Storage	p. 370
Complementary Workloads	p. 371
Isolation	p. 371
Database Consolidation	p. 372
Schema Consolidation	p. 372
Summary	p. 376
Index	p. 377

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Table of Contents