Electrical power systems quality

Title:

Personal Author:

Dugan, Roger C.

Publication Information:

New York : McGraw Hill, 1996

ISBN:

9780070180314

Subject Term:

Electric power system stability

Electric power systems -- Quality control

Electric power-plants -- Quality control

Added Author:

McGranaghan, Mark F.

Beaty, H. Wayne

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000003348301	TK1001 D83 1996	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown
Searching... PSZ JB	30000003743394	TK1001 D83 1996	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown
Searching... PSZ JB	30000003781733	TK1001 D83 1996	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

Power quality is at the forefront of concern for utilities, industries, consultants and manufacturers of voltage-sensitive equipment. This book covers all aspects of power supply, use, the causes of poor power quality, monitoring and analyzing the effects of abnormal voltages and currents, and mitigation measures.

Reviews 1

Choice Review

This well-written, timely book informs about one of the newest fields in the electric power industry--power quality. Two of the authors not only have worked in this area for many years but have also actively participated in developing US and international power quality standards. Since this is a new field, the authors begin with an explanation of terms. They then discuss the basic types of power quality problems; voltage sags and momentary outages that arise from motor starting and fault clearing; transient overvoltages from switching and lightning; longer term voltage variations and voltage regulation; and harmonics. The book finishes with chapters on common wiring problems and measurements for diagnosing power quality problems. There are very few books on this topic; recently published were Electric Power Quality, by G.T. Heydt (1991), and Electric Power Quality Control Techniques, by W.E. Kazibwe and M.H. Sendaula (1993); both provide more quantitative treatments. The more qualitative approach of the book under review opens the subject to a wider audience. The address of a World Wide Web homepage on the topic is included. General; upper-division undergraduates through professionals; two-year technical program students. L. J. Bohmann Michigan Technological University

Foreword	p. xi
Acknowledgments	p. xiii
Chapter 1. Introduction	p. 1
1.1 What Is Power Quality?	p. 2
1.2 Power Quality = Voltage Quality	p. 5
1.3 Why Are We Concerned about Power Quality?	p. 6
1.4 Who Should Use This Book	p. 7
1.5 Overview of the Contents	p. 8
Chapter 2. Terms and Definitions	p. 9
2.1 Need for a Consistent Vocabulary	p. 9
2.2 General Classes of Power Quality Problems	p. 9
2.3 Translents	p. 13
2.3.1 Impulsive Transient	p. 13
2.3.2 Osciliatory Transient	p. 14
2.4 Long-Duration Voltage Variations	p. 17
2.4.1 Overvoltage	p. 17
2.4.2 Undervoltage	p. 17
2.4.3 Sustained Interruptions	p. 18
2.5 Short-Duration Voltage Variations	p. 18
2.5.1 Interruption	p. 19
2.5.2 Sags (Dips)	p. 19
2.5.3 Swells	p. 22
2.6 Voltage Imbalance	p. 23
2.7 Waveform Distortion	p. 23
2.7.1 dc offset	p. 24
2.7.2 Harmonics	p. 24
2.7.3 Interharmonics	p. 26
2.7.4 Notching	p. 26
2.7.5 Noise	p. 27
2.8 Voltage Fluctuation	p. 27
2.9 Power Frequency Variations	p. 28
2.10 Power Quality Terms	p. 29
2.11 Ambiguous Terms	p. 36
2.12 CBEMA Curve	p. 37
2.13 References	p. 38
Chapter 3. Voltage Sags and Interruptions	p. 39
3.1 Sources of Sags and Interruptions	p. 39
3.2 Area of Vulnerability	p. 43
3.3 Fundamental Principles of Protection	p. 44
3.4 End-User Issues	p. 45
3.4.1 Ferroresonant Transformers	p. 46
3.4.2 Magnetic Synthesizers	p. 48
3.4.3 On-Line UPS	p. 48
3.4.4 Standby UPS	p. 49
3.4.5 Hybrid UPS	p. 50
3.4.6 Motor-Generator Sets	p. 50
3.4.7 Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Device (SMES)	p. 51
3.4.8 End-User Equipment Specifications	p. 51
3.5 Motor-Starting Sags	p. 52
3.5.1 Motor-Starting Methods	p. 52
3.5.2 Estimating the Sag Severity during Full-Voltage Starting	p. 54
3.6 Utility System Fault-Clearing Issues	p. 55
3.6.1 Overcurrent Coordination Principles	p. 55
3.6.2 Relaying Practices	p. 56
3.6.3 Fuses	p. 56
3.6.4 Reclosing	p. 57
3.6.5 Fuse Saving	p. 59
3.6.6 Reliability	p. 61
3.6.7 Impact of Eliminating Fuse Saving	p. 63
3.6.8 Increased Sectionalizing	p. 65
3.6.9 Midline or Tap Reclosers	p. 71
3.6.10 Instantaneous Reclosing	p. 72
3.6.11 Single-Phase Tripping	p. 73
3.6.12 Current-Limiting Fuses	p. 73
3.6.13 Adaptive Relaying	p. 75
3.6.14 Ignoring Third-Harmonic Currents	p. 75
3.6.15 Utility Fault Prevention	p. 77
3.6.16 Fault Locating	p. 78
3.7 References	p. 80
Chapter 4. Transient Overvoltages	p. 83
4.1 Sources of Transient Overvoltages	p. 83
4.1.1 Capacitor Switching	p. 83
4.1.2 Magnification of Capacitor-Switching Transients	p. 85
4.1.3 Lightning	p. 88
4.2 Principles of Overvoltage Protection	p. 92
4.3 Devices for Overvoltage Protection	p. 96
4.4 Utility Capacitor-Switching Transients	p. 100
4.4.1 Switching Times	p. 100
4.4.2 Preinsertion Resistors	p. 101
4.4.3 Synchronous Closing	p. 101
4.4.4 Capacitor Location	p. 103
4.5 Utility Lightning Protection	p. 104
4.5.1 Shielding	p. 105
4.5.2 Line Arresters	p. 106
4.5.3 Low-Side Surges	p. 108
4.5.4 Cable Protection	p. 113
4.5.5 Scout Arrester Scheme	p. 116
4.6 Load-Switching Transient Problems	p. 118
4.6.1 Nulsance Tripping of ASDs	p. 118
4.6.2 Transients from Load Switching	p. 118
4.6.3 Transformer Energizing	p. 120
4.7 Computer Tools for Transients Analysis	p. 120
4.8 References	p. 122
Chapter 5. Harmonics	p. 123
5.1 Harmonic Distortion	p. 124
5.2 Voltage vs. Current Distortion	p. 127
5.3 Harmonics vs. Transients	p. 128
5.4 Total Harmonic Distortion and rms Value	p. 129
5.5 Power and Power Factor	p. 130
5.6 Tripien Harmonics	p. 133
5.7 Single-Phase Power Supplies	p. 136
5.8 Three-Phase Power Converters	p. 138
5.8.1 dc drives	p. 140
5.8.2 ac drives	p. 141
5.8.3 Impact of Operating Condition	p. 142
5.8.4 Effects of ac Line Chokes on Harmonics	p. 143
5.9 Arcing Devices	p. 144
5.10 Saturable Devices	p. 145
5.11 Effects of Harmonic Distortion	p. 148
5.11.1 Impact on Capacitors	p. 148
5.11.2 Impact on Transformers	p. 150
5.11.3 Impact on Motors	p. 154
5.12 System Response Characteristics	p. 155
5.12.1 System Impedance	p. 155
5.12.2 Capicitor Impedance	p. 158
5.12.3 Parallel Resonance	p. 159
5.12.4 Effects of Resistance and Resistive Load	p. 161
5.13 Principles for Controlling Harmonics	p. 162
5.13.1 Reducing Harmonic Currents in Loads	p. 163
5.13.2 Filtering	p. 163
5.13.3 Modifying the System Frequency Response	p. 164
5.13.4 On Utility Distribution Feeders	p. 164
5.13.5 In End-User Facilities	p. 165
5.14 Locating Sources of Harmonics	p. 166
5.15 Devices for Filtering Harmonic Distortion	p. 168
5.15.1 Passive Filters	p. 168
5.15.2 Active Filters	p. 170
5.16 Harmonic Study Procedure	p. 171
5.17 Symmetrical Components	p. 172
5.18 Modeling Harmonic Sources	p. 174
5.19 Harmonic Filter Design	p. 176
5.20 Telecommunications Interference	p. 180
5.21 Computer Tools for Harmonics Analysis	p. 182
5.21.1 Capabilities for Harmonics Analysis Programs	p. 183
5.21.2 Harmonic Analysis by Computer--Historical Perspective	p. 184
5.22 References	p. 187
5.23 Bibliography	p. 187
Chapter 6. Long-Duration Voltage Variations	p. 189
6.1 Principles of Regulating the Voltage	p. 189
6.2 Devices for Voltage Regulation	p. 190
6.2.1 Utility Step-Voltage Regulators	p. 191
6.2.2 Ferroresonant Transformers	p. 192
6.2.3 Electronic Tap-Switching Regulator	p. 193
6.2.4 Magnetic Synthesizers	p. 194
6.2.5 On-Line UPS Systems	p. 194
6.2.6 Motor-Generator Sets	p. 194
6.2.7 Static Var Compensators	p. 195
6.3 Utility Voltage Regulator Application	p. 196
6.3.1 Line Drop Compensator	p. 196
6.3.2 Regulators in Series	p. 199
6.4 Capacitors for Voltage Regulation	p. 200
6.4.1 Shunt Capacitors	p. 200
6.4.2 Series Capacitors	p. 201
6.5 End-User Capacitor Application	p. 202
6.5.1 Location for Power Factor Correction Capacitors	p. 202
6.5.2 Voltage Rise	p. 203
6.5.3 Reduction in Power System Losses	p. 204
6.5.4 Reduction in Line Current	p. 205
6.5.5 Displacement Power Factor vs. True Power Factor	p. 205
6.5.6 Selecting the Amount of Capacitance	p. 206
6.6 Regulating Utility Voltage with Dispersed Sources	p. 207
6.7 Reference	p. 210
Chapter 7. Wiring and Grounding	p. 211
7.1 Definitions	p. 211
7.2 Reasons for Grounding	p. 216
7.3 Typical Wiring and Grounding Problems	p. 218
7.3.1 Problems with Conductors and Connectors	p. 218
7.3.2 Missing Safety Ground	p. 218
7.3.3 Multiple Neutral-to-Ground Connections	p. 219
7.3.4 Ungrounded Equipment	p. 219
7.3.5 Additional Ground Rods	p. 219
7.3.6 Ground Loops	p. 220
7.3.7 Insufficient Neutral Conductor	p. 220
7.4 Solutions to Wiring and Grounding Problems	p. 221
7.4.1 Proper Grounding Practices	p. 221
7.4.2 Ground Electrode (Rod)	p. 221
7.4.3 Service Entrance Connections	p. 223
7.4.4 Panel Board	p. 224
7.4.5 Isolated Ground	p. 225
7.4.6 Separately Derived Systems	p. 227
7.4.7 Grounding Techniques for Signal Reference	p. 227
7.4.8 More on Grounding for Sensitive Equipment	p. 230
7.4.9 Summary of Wiring and Grounding Solutions	p. 231
Chapter 8. Monitoring Power Quality	p. 233
8.1 Site Survey	p. 233
8.2 Detailed Power Quality Monitoring	p. 234
8.2.1 Choosing a Monitoring Location	p. 234
8.2.2 Disturbance Recording Form	p. 235
8.2.3 Disturbance Monitor Connections	p. 236
8.2.4 Setting Monitor Thresholds	p. 238
8.2.5 Quantities to Measure	p. 239
8.2.6 Interpreting the Measurement Results	p. 239
8.2.7 Finding the Source of a Disturbance	p. 240
8.3 Power Quality Measurement Equipment	p. 240
8.3.1 Types of Instruments	p. 241
8.3.2 Wiring and Grounding Testers	p. 242
8.3.3 Multimeters	p. 243
8.3.4 Oscilloscopes	p. 244
8.3.5 Disturbance Analyzers	p. 245
8.3.6 Spectrum Analyzers and Harmonic Analyzers	p. 247
8.3.7 Combination Disturbance and Harmonic Analyzers	p. 248
8.3.8 Flicker Meters	p. 251
8.3.9 Tranducer Requirements	p. 253
8.3.10 Signal Levels	p. 253
8.3.11 Frequency Response	p. 255
8.3.12 Installation Considerations	p. 257
8.3.13 Summary of Transducer Recommendations	p. 259
8.4 Summary of Equipment Capabilities	p. 260
8.5 References	p. 260
8.6 Bibliography	p. 260
Index	p. 261

Available:*

On Order

Summary

Summary

Reviews 1

Choice Review

Table of Contents