Third generation wireless systems

Title:

Personal Author:

Calhoun, George M.

Publication Information:

Boston, Mass. : Artech House, 2003

Physical Description:

ISBN:

9781580530439

Subject Term:

Wireless communication systems

Mobile communication systems

Telecommunication -- Switching systems

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010018032	TK5103.2 C34 2003	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown
Searching... PSZ JB	30000003590084	TK5103.2 C34 2003	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

This handbook examines the fundamental concepts, design techniques, and advanced architectures for tackling critical wireless communication problems such as capacity, error correction, and channel interference. It seeks to help practitioners understand the huge demands being made of existing wireless capacity, and explores the need for a second communications golden age, in which wireless planners, designers and engineers break down the boundaries established in the communications orthodoxy of Claude Shannon's communications theory.

Author Notes

George Calhoun is currently the CEO of ISCO, a public company involved in the development of interference-control solutions for the wireless industry. He was formerly the vice president and co-founder of Geotek Communications. He is also the author of Wireless Access & the Local Telephone Network and Digital Cellular Radio (Artech House, 1992, 1988).

050

Preface	p. xiii
Reference	p. xvii
1 The Golden Age of Wireless	p. 1
1.1 The First Golden Age, 1890-1940	p. 1
1.2 A Quiet Interregnum, 1940-1990	p. 4
1.3 The Digital Radio Revolution	p. 7
1.4 The Capacity Crisis, 1995-2001	p. 10
1.5 The New Golden Age	p. 19
References	p. 21
2 Shannon	p. 23
2.1 "Our Shannon"	p. 23
2.2 Claude Elwood Shannon (1916-2001)	p. 26
2.3 Shannon Theory	p. 31
2.3.1 Nyquist	p. 32
2.3.2 The Importance of Noise	p. 35
2.3.3 Discrete Sources and Entropy	p. 36
2.3.4 Channel Coding and Error Control	p. 37
2.3.5 Quantization of Analog Sources	p. 38
2.3.6 Power and Bandwidth	p. 39
References	p. 44
3 Wireless Systems Design: Problems and Parameters	p. 47
3.1 Three Unique Design Constraints	p. 47
3.1.1 The Basic Communications Link and the Nonengineerable Wireless Channel	p. 48
3.1.2 The Nonclonable Wireless Channel and the Challenges of Multiple Access	p. 55
3.1.3 The Conundrums of Interference	p. 59
3.2 The Basic Parameters: Channel, Signal, and Noise	p. 61
3.2.1 The Primary Signal/Channel Dimensions: Space, Time, and Frequency	p. 62
3.2.2 Noise and Interference	p. 65
3.2.3 Self-Interference	p. 69
3.2.4 Orthogonality	p. 72
3.2.5 Secondary Signal Dimensions: Amplitude and Angle	p. 73
3.2.6 Tertiary Signal Dimensions: Signal Structure	p. 77
3.2.7 Quaternary Signal Dimensions: The Structure of the Payload	p. 79
3.2.8 The Layered Signal and the Primacy of the Physical Layer	p. 81
3.3 First- and Second-Generation Wireless Architectures	p. 83
3.3.1 First-Generation Systems: Power Versus Noise	p. 83
3.3.2 The Cellular Revolution: Reorganizing the S-Dimension	p. 84
3.3.3 Second-Generation Systems: Digital Extensions--Reorganizing the T-Dimension	p. 85
3.3.4 On the Threshold of 3G	p. 86
References	p. 87
4 Third Generation Systems: Physical Layer Technology Strategies	p. 89
4.1 From Interference Avoidance to Interference Management	p. 89
4.1.1 The Penalty for Orthogonality	p. 90
4.1.2 Taming the Interference	p. 98
4.2 Signal Hardening Techniques	p. 100
4.2.1 Error Correction (Channel Coding)	p. 101
4.2.2 Diversity Techniques	p. 102
4.2.3 Convolutional Techniques	p. 107
4.3 Signal Shaping Techniques	p. 111
4.3.1 Compression: Source Coding	p. 112
4.3.2 Baseband Shaping	p. 113
4.3.3 Spectrum Shaping	p. 114
4.3.4 Beam Forming: Smart Antennas	p. 115
4.4 Signal Recovery	p. 115
4.4.1 Cancellation of T-Interference (I): Equalization	p. 116
4.4.2 Cancellation of T-Interference (II): Multipath Combining	p. 116
4.4.3 Cancellation of S-Interference: Spatially Selective Receivers	p. 118
4.5 Beyond Orthogonality: Convolved Wireless Architectures and Design Principles	p. 118
4.5.1 Signal Spreading	p. 120
4.5.2 Interference Averaging	p. 123
4.5.3 Signal Averaging: Noise-Like Signals	p. 127
4.5.4 Interference Cancellation: Unscrambling the Omelet	p. 128
4.5.5 Adaptive Signal Design	p. 131
4.5.6 Convolutional Signal Structures	p. 134
References	p. 135
5 Signal Hardening Techniques	p. 139
5.1 Coding: A Vast Philosophy	p. 140
5.1.1 Coding: The Standard View	p. 144
5.1.2 A Deeper Look	p. 146
5.1.3 Quantization: Many-to-One Mapping	p. 147
5.1.4 Nonlinearity and Threshold Effects	p. 153
5.1.5 Coding as Redundancy Construction: One-to-Many Mapping	p. 159
5.1.6 Signal Expansion: Channel Coding as Noise Averaging	p. 163
5.1.7 Message Space Expansion: Channel Coding as Signal Geometry	p. 166
5.2 Basic Channel Coding Strategies	p. 175
5.2.1 Block Codes	p. 175
5.2.2 Convolutional Codes	p. 177
5.2.3 Decoding Algorithms	p. 182
5.2.4 Performance: Coding Gain	p. 184
5.3 Advanced Coding Strategies	p. 186
5.3.1 Interaction Between Channel Coding and Source Compression Strategies	p. 186
5.3.2 Channel Characteristics and the Choice of Coding Schemes: Burst Errors	p. 190
5.3.3 Soft Decision Techniques	p. 194
5.3.4 Side Information	p. 199
5.3.5 Pilot Signals	p. 201
5.3.6 Trellis Coding	p. 202
5.3.7 Hierarchical Coding Structures: Concatenated Coding, Turbo Coding, and Parallel Coding	p. 206
5.4 Diversity Techniques	p. 213
5.4.1 Frequency Diversity	p. 217
5.4.2 Time Diversity	p. 221
5.4.3 Space Diversity	p. 222
5.5 Convolutional Signals	p. 223
References	p. 227
6 Signal Shaping Techniques (Transmitter-Oriented Strategies)	p. 231
6.1 Concepts of Efficient Transmission: Compression and Shaping	p. 231
6.2 Signal Nonlinearities: A Conundrum	p. 236
6.3 Compression: Post-Shannon Source Coding Strategies	p. 241
6.3.1 Lossless Compression	p. 244
6.3.2 Lossy Compression	p. 251
6.3.3 Perceptual Coding	p. 254
6.3.4 Correlative Quantization	p. 256
6.3.5 Source Modeling	p. 265
6.4 Baseband Signal Shaping	p. 267
6.5 RF Signal Shaping	p. 272
6.5.1 Bandwidth-Efficient Modulation	p. 272
6.5.2 Linearized RF Systems	p. 276
6.6 Smart Antenna Technologies (Transmission)	p. 281
6.7 Adaptive Link Technologies	p. 284
6.7.1 Adaptive Power Control	p. 285
6.7.2 Adaptive Time Alignment	p. 289
6.7.3 Adaptive Modulation	p. 292
References	p. 295
7 Signal Recovery Techniques (Receiver-Oriented Strategies)	p. 299
7.1 Logical-Level Signal Recovery Strategies: The Active Receiver	p. 303
7.1.1 Reliability Assessment and Erasure Strategies	p. 308
7.1.2 Residual Redundancy and Codeless Error Detection	p. 310
7.1.3 Error Concealment	p. 312
7.2 The Transfer Function: Modeling the Channel	p. 315
7.2.1 Transmitter-Assisted Acquisition of the Transfer Function	p. 321
7.2.2 Blind Acquisition of the Transfer Function	p. 321
7.2.3 The Source Model as a Basis for Blind Acquisition	p. 322
7.2.4 A Priori Knowledge of the Physical Channel as a Basis for Blind Acquisition	p. 323
7.2.5 "Multipath Is Your Friend"	p. 323
7.3 One-Dimensional Signal Recovery Strategies: Equalization and RAKE Receivers	p. 342
7.3.1 Subtractive Techniques: Equalization	p. 344
7.3.2 Constructive Techniques: RAKE Architectures	p. 351
7.4 Spatial Techniques: Array Processing	p. 355
7.5 Multidimensional Signal Recovery Strategies	p. 360
7.5.1 Multidimensional Equalization	p. 361
7.5.2 Multidimensional RAKE Receivers	p. 361
7.6 Multiuser Detection and Interference Cancellation	p. 362
References	p. 367
8 Signal Expansion Strategies: Beyond Orthogonality	p. 377
8.1 An Analogy: Stereo and Beyond	p. 380
8.2 Spreading Forced Through Multiplication in the Time Domain: Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum	p. 393
8.3 Spreading Forced Through Multiplication in the Frequency Domain: OFDM and Multicarrier CDMA	p. 406
8.3.1 Constructing the Complex F-Domain Signal	p. 406
8.3.2 Tailoring the OFDM Signal to Fit the "Shape" of the Channel Transfer Function	p. 415
8.3.4 Multicarrier CDMA	p. 428
8.4 Forced Spatial Spreading: Creating Artificial Multipath	p. 435
8.4.1 Creating Multipath: The Physical Aspect of Spatial Spreading--Transmitter Diversity and Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output (MIMO) Channels	p. 436
8.4.2 The Coding Aspect of Spatial Spreading: Space-Time Codes	p. 440
8.4.3 Space-Time Architectures: Ultimate RF?	p. 443
References	p. 446
9 Epilogue: The Red Queen and the Kitten	p. 453
9.1 Countertrends	p. 455
9.1.1 Verdu	p. 455
9.1.2 Abramson	p. 457
9.1.3 Viterbi et al.	p. 460
9.1.4 Chuang and Sollenberger	p. 461
9.2 Predictions	p. 463
9.3 Whither Shannon?	p. 465
References	p. 469
About the Author	p. 471
Index	p. 473

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Author Notes

Table of Contents