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Cover image for Resident stem cells and regenerative therapy
Title:
Resident stem cells and regenerative therapy
Publication Information:
Oxford ; Waltham, MA : Academic Press, 2013
Physical Description:
xvii, 270 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
ISBN:
9780124160125

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Material Type
Item Category 1
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30000010302560 QH588.S83 R47 2013 Open Access Book Book
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Summary

Summary

In the last 3 decades, stem cells have greatly impacted the scientific and lay communities, providing huge advances in the treatment of devastating human diseases, including myocardial infarction, diabetes, muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and osteoporosis. Alongside debates of induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells has been the discovery of adult stem cells in many different tissues. While these organ resident or progenitor stem cells offer prospects to contribute to tissue regeneration, they also present challenges because of the complexity of organ structures.

This book will present the main findings to date and the important factors to be considered when considering resident stem cells in regenerative therapies. Chapters on cardiac, brain, neural, liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, bone, pancreatic, skin, and lung resident stem cells will assist in defining the level of success that has been achieved and the direction for the road ahead. With contributions from leading laboratories, open questions related to resident stem cells and regenerative therapies will also be presented for debate.


Author Notes

Regina Coeli dos Santos Goldenberg, PhD is an Associate Professor and head of the Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology in the Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Dr. Goldenberg has over twenty years of research and academic experience and has played key roles in a number of projects, including studies of adult, embryonic, and induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro and in preclincal models of cardiac and liver disorders. She also participates in several clinical trials using bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell infusion in patients presenting with chagasic cardiomyopathy, neurological disorders, liver diseases, and lung injury. She is currently a board member of the Brazilian Society for Cell Therapy.
Antonio Carlos Campos de Carvalho, MD, PhD, is Professor of Physiology and Biophysics at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Visiting Professor at Albert Einstein College of Medicine (New York), and Research Director at the National Cardiology Institute (Rio de Janeiro). Prof. Campos de Carvalho has authored more than 130 papers and 16 book chapters. Since 2000 he has been working with stem cells and cell therapies, with a special focus on cardiovascular diseases. He heads the Brazilian Cell Therapy Network and coordinates the MiHeart Study, a multicenter, randomized, and placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of bone marrow-derived cells in cardiopathies in Brazil. He is on the Board of the International Union of Physiological Sciences and is a member and Director of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences and of the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World (TWAS).


Table of Contents

Milene R. Costa and Karine S. Verdoorn and Rafael S. Lindoso and Marcelo Einicker-Lamas and Hellen J. Vieira-Beiral and Oliver Wessely and Adalberto VieyraFernando H. Lojudice and Patrícia M. Kossugue and Mari C. SogayarSonya B. Seif-Naraghi and Karen L. ChristmanCamila Zaverucha-do-Valle and Fernanda Gubert and Louise Mesentier-Louro and Eliana Scemes and Fernando Pitossi and Marcelo F. Santiago and Rosalia Mendez-OteroRadovan BorojevicMariana Alves Antunes and Marcelo Marcos Morales and Paolo Pelosi and Patricia Rieken Macêdo RoccoAlex Balduino and Maria Eugenia Leite Duarte and Russell S. TaichmanAdriana B. Carvalho and Bernd K. Fleischmann and Antonio Carlos Campos de CarvalhoAndréa Gonçalves Trentin and Giordano Wosgrau CalloniChristina M. Takiya and Bruno Diaz Paredes and Luiz Fernando Quintanilha de Mesquita and Grazielle Suhett Dias and Lanuza Alaby Pinheiro Faccioli and Taro Takami and Shuji Terai and Isao Sakaida and Regina Coeli dos Santos GoldenbergL.M. Popescu and M.I. NicolescuLindolfo da Silva Meirelles and Arnold I. Caplan and Nance Beyer Nardi
Forewordp. xi
List of Contributorsp. xiii
1 Resident Stem Cells in Kidney Tissuep. 1
Introductory Remarksp. 1
Brief Description of the Structural Organization of the Mammalian Adult Kidneyp. 2
Stem Cells in Kidney Organogenesisp. 5
Kidney Stem/Progenitor Cells: Niches and Isolationp. 9
The Role of Stem/Progenitor Cells in Kidney Regenerationp. 14
Role of Kidney Resident Stem/Progenitor Cells in the Establishment and Progression of Renal Disordersp. 18
Glomerularsclerosisp. 18
Tubular Lesionsp. 19
Progenitor/Resident Stem Cells and Renal Cancerp. 20
Stem/Progenitor Cells in Kidney: Features for Therapeutic Use after the Few Trials with Bone Marrow Cells?p. 21
Referencesp. 25
2 Pancreatic Stem Cellsp. 33
Introductionp. 33
Embryogenesis and Organogenesisp. 33
Referencesp. 40
3 Tissue Engineering and the Role of Biomaterial Scaffoldsp. 43
Introduction to Tissue Engineeringp. 43
Role of Biomaterials in Tissue Engineeringp. 46
Clinical Translation and Commercializationp. 49
Future of Tissue Engineeringp. 50
Cardiac Tissue Engineeringp. 50
Future of Cardiac Tissue Engineeringp. 61
Referencesp. 62
4 Resident Neural Stem Cellsp. 69
Neurogenesis in the Adult Brainp. 69
Neurogenesis during Developmentp. 70
Neural Stem Cellsp. 72
The Subventricular Zonep. 74
Subgranular Zonep. 77
Neural Stem Cell Markersp. 79
Neurogenesis's Regulatorsp. 80
Cell Therapyp. 83
Referencesp. 83
5 Resident Stem Cell in Skinp. 89
Introductionp. 89
Interfollicular Epidermisp. 90
Hair Follicle and Associated Structuresp. 92
Melanocytesp. 96
Dermisp. 98
Cell Therapies and Clinical Application of Skin Stem Cellsp. 100
Referencesp. 102
6 Lung Resident Stem Cellsp. 105
Lung Structurep. 105
Hierarchy of Lung Resident Stem Cellsp. 108
Resident Epithelial Progenitor Cellsp. 108
Resident Endothelium Progenitor Cellsp. 112
Resident Mesenchymal Progenitor Cellsp. 113
Lung Resident Stem Cells in Respiratory Diseasesp. 115
Main Challenges for the Identification of Lung Resident Stem Cellsp. 115
Referencesp. 118
7 Skeletal Resident Stem Cellsp. 123
Bone Tissuep. 123
Bone Marrow as a Source of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Stem Cells for Bonesp. 126
Mesenchymal Cells in Orthopedic Bioengineering and Bone Repairp. 130
Skeletal Stem Cells and the Vascular Systemp. 131
Combined Action: Therapeutic Use of Mesenchymal Progenitors and Angiogenic Progenitorsp. 134
Cell Therapy in Pseudarthrosisp. 135
Cell Therapy in Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head (Osteonecrosis)p. 135
Acknowledgmentsp. 136
Referencesp. 136
8 Cardiac Stem Cellsp. 141
c-Kit Positive Cellsp. 144
Cardiosphere-Derived Cellsp. 146
Side Populationp. 149
Islet-1 Positive Cellsp. 150
Conclusions and Future Directionsp. 152
Referencesp. 152
9 The Neural Crest and the Stem Cells of Neural Crestp. 157
Introductionp. 157
The Neural Crestp. 159
Neural Crest-Derived Stem Cells (NCSCs)p. 165
Are NC Cells a Source of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)?p. 170
Concluding Remarksp. 170
Acknowledgmentsp. 171
Referencesp. 171
10 Liver Resident Stem Cellp. 177
Introductionp. 177
Liver Developmentp. 178
Liver Regeneration: The Hierarchy for Cell Responsep. 183
Stem/Progenitor Cells: The Second Front in Liver Regenerationp. 183
Fetal Hepatic Stem Cell Nichep. 187
Adult Liver Stem/Progenitor Cell Nichep. 188
Liver Stem/Progenitors Cells and Cell Therapyp. 190
Referencesp. 194
11 Telocytes and Stem Cellsp. 205
What Are Telocytes?p. 205
What Defines Telocytes as a Unique, Distinct Cell Type?p. 206
Comparison with Fibroblastsp. 210
Where Are Telocytes Located?p. 211
Telocyte Intercellular Relationshipsp. 211
Phenotype "Portrait"p. 216
The Tandem Telocytes & Stem Cellsp. 219
A Hope for Regenerative Medicinep. 225
Future Research Directionsp. 228
Referencesp. 228
12 Pericytes as the Source of Mesenchymal Stem Cellsp. 233
Pericytesp. 233
Relationship between Pericytes and MSCsp. 236
The Plasticity Issuep. 239
Pericytes as Stem Cells in the Bodyp. 241
Conclusionp. 245
Acknowledgmentsp. 246
Referencesp. 246
Indexp. 251
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