Hamidi Abdul Aziz and Nor Habsah Md Sabiani and Miskiah Fadzilah Ghazali and Abu Ahmed Mokammel Haque and Yung-Tse HungDuu-Jong Lee and Joo-Hwa Tay and Yung-Tse Hung and Ching-Yuan ChangHamidi Abdul Aziz and Abu Ahmed Mokammel Haque and Mofid Suffian Yusoff and Yung-Tse HungWitold Stepniewski and Malgorzata Pawlowska and Marcin K. Widomski and Artur Pawlowski and Yung-Tse HungAik Heng Lee and Hamid Nikraz and Yung-Tse HimgAzza El-Maghraby and Marwa Farouk Mahmoud El-Kady and Nahla Ahmed Taha and Marwa Awwad Abd El-Hamied and Yung-Tse HungAn Deng and Yung-Tse HungLinda Zou and Piotr Bankowski and Yung-Tse HungPuangrat Kajitvichyanukul and Yung-Tse HungMahfooz Soomro and Yung-Tse HungYee-Loon Lee and Heng-Boon Koh and Toong-Hai Sam and David E.C Yeoh and Shahabudin bin Mustapa and Che-Fong Pang and Yung-Tse HungSvetlana Yu. Selivanovskaya and Polina Yu. Galitskaya and Yung-Tse HungHamidi Abdul Aziz and Mohd. Shahrir Mohd. Zahari and Mohammed J.K. Bashir and Yung-Tse HungTeik-Thye Lim and Joo-Hwa Tay and Yung-Tse HungKok-Leng Tay and Russell Parrott and Ken Doe and Adrian MacDonald and Yung-Tse HungRehab O. Abdel Rahman and Matthew W. Kozak and Yung-Tse HungTirthankar Banerjee and Rajeev Kumar Srivastava and Yung-Tse HungLawrence K. Wang and Mu-Hao S. Wang and Nazih K. Shammas and Milos Krofta

Preface	p. vii
About the Editors	p. xvii
Contributors	p. xix
1 Biosolids Management	p. 1
1 Introduction	p. 2
2 Classification of Biosolids	p. 6
3 Biosolids Treatment and Processing	p. 38
4 Land Applications of Biosolids	p. 111
5 Use and Disposal of Biosolids	p. 131
References	p. 142
2 Sludge Management	p. 149
1 The Origin of Sludge	p. 150
2 Sludge Disposal	p. 150
3 Making Management Systems	p. 155
4 Sludge Disposal Routes	p. 158
5 Sludge Management Chain	p. 164
6 Moisture Content of Sludge	p. 166
7 Synthesis of Management Systems	p. 168
8 Sustainable Management	p. 172
References	p. 174
3 Landfill for Solid Waste Disposal	p. 177
1 Introduction	p. 178
2 Location Criteria	p. 184
3 Operating Crieria	p. 209
4 Design Criteria	p. 232
5 Groundwater Monitoring and Corrective Action	p. 288
6 Closure and Post-Closure Care	p. 348
References	p. 361
4 Landfilling of Municipal Solid Waste in Europe	p. 365
1 Waste Landfilling - Current Status and Perspectives	p. 366
2 Chemical and Physical Processes in Landfill Body	p. 371
3 Landfill Design	p. 375
4 Sanitary Landfill Construction	p. 377
5 Daily Waste Landfilling Operation	p. 391
6 Landfill Control and Monitoring Systems	p. 392
7 Closure, Capping, and Remediation of Landfill	p. 396
References	p. 399
5 Liners for Waste	p. 403
1 Landfills	p. 404
2 Liners	p. 410
3 Conclusion	p. 422
References	p. 423
6 Beneficial Reuse of Waste Products	p. 425
1 Waste Management	p. 426
2 Wastewater Treatment	p. 439
3 Reuse of Waste Cooking Oil in Biodiesel Production	p. 460
4 Plastic Waste Recycling	p. 472
References	p. 484
7 Reuse of Foundry Sand as Construction Materials	p. 491
1 Introduction	p. 492
2 Foundry Industry Operations	p. 493
3 Chemical Characterization of Foundry Sand	p. 505
4 Benefical Reuse of Foundry Sand	p. 519
5 Case Studies	p. 540
6 Summary	p. 543
Nomenclature	p. 544
References	p. 545
8 Stabilization of Brown Coal Fly Ash using Geopolymere	p. 551
1 Introduction	p. 552
2 Background on Geopolymer Technology	p. 552
3 Experimental Methods of Using Geopolymer to Stabilize Fly Ash	p. 556
4 Analytical Tools used to Study the Effectiveness of Stabilization	p. 559
5 Results of Stabilization of Fly Ash by Geopolymers	p. 561
6 Mechanisms of Interaction between Fly Ash and Geopolymer	p. 572
7 Discussions of Geopolymer Fly Ash Treatment Process	p. 582
8 Potential uses of Fly Ash-Geopolymer Materials	p. 586
9 Summary	p. 588
References	p. 590
9 Municipal Solid Waste Recovery and Recycling	p. 593
1 Introduction	p. 593
2 Collection of Recyclable Materials	p. 595
3 Processing of Recyclable Materials	p. 601
4 Materials Recovery Facilities	p. 621
5 Marketting of Recyclable Materials	p. 623
6 Design Examples and Questions	p. 629
References	p. 632
10 Use of Selective Recycled Materials in Civil Engineering Construction	p. 635
1 Introduction	p. 636
2 Fly Ash	p. 636
3 Cement Kiln Dust	p. 650
4 Recycled Demolished Concrete	p. 658
References	p. 677
11 Use of Solid Wastes as Construction Materials	p. 685
1 Introduction	p. 687
2 Ash Utilization Research	p. 688
3 Durability	p. 691
4 More Ash Utilization	p. 693
5 Other Solid Wastes	p. 699
6 Paper Sludge and Rice Husk Composite	p. 702
7 Lightweight Concrete	p. 705
8 Effect of Various Properties on Paper Sludge Composite	p. 712
9 Acoustic Thermal Insulation Research	p. 718
10 TIA Composite Building System	p. 722
11 Engineered Shear Wall System	p. 722
12 Soft Soil Foundation System	p. 724
13 Research Showcase - Micronized Silica	p. 725
14 Summary - Challenges Ahead	p. 725
Acknowledgment	p. 728
References	p. 728
12 The Use of Biological Methods for Toxicity Evaluation of Wastes and Waste-Amended Soils	p. 737
1 Introduction	p. 738
2 Bioindication and Biotesting	p. 739
3 Choice of the Appropriate Method of Biological Analysis	p. 742
4 Expression of Toxicity	p. 743
5 Acute and Chronic Toxicity	p. 746
6 Bioindication Methods	p. 746
7 Bioassays	p. 760
References	p. 773
13 Groundwater Contamination at Landfill Site	p. 781
1 Introduction	p. 782
2 Groundwater Resource	p. 783
3 Landfill	p. 784
4 Leachate	p. 789
5 Monitoring Well/Borehole	p. 800
6 Sampling and Measurement	p. 806
7 Data Assessment	p. 812
Acknowledgments	p. 813
Nomenclature	p. 814
References	p. 815
14 Remediation of Contaminated Groundwater	p. 819
1 Introduction to Groundwater Contamination	p. 820
2 Types and Behaviors of Groundwater Contaminants	p. 822
3 Contaminant Transport	p. 824
4 Limitations and Complexity of Groundwater Cleanup	p. 830
5 Site Investigation for Groundwater Cleanup	p. 831
6 Groundwater Cleanup Strategy	p. 832
7 Setting a Cleanup Level/Goal	p. 833
8 Technologies for Groundwater Cleanup	p. 834
References	p. 880
15 Environmental Monitoring of Nearshore Dredged Material Ocean Disposal Sites	p. 887
1 Introduction	p. 888
2 Triggers to Monitor Dredged Material Disposal Sites and Site Selection	p. 890
3 Physical Monitoring	p. 891
4 Chemical and Biological Monitoring	p. 901
5 Case Studies	p. 919
6 Conclusion	p. 941
References	p. 941
16 Radioactive Pollution and Control	p. 949
1 Introduction	p. 950
2 Radioactive Pollution	p. 961
3 Control of Radioactive Waste	p. 986
References	p. 1020
17 Plastics Waste Management in India: An Integrated Solid Waste Management Approach	p. 1029
1 Introduction	p. 1030
2 Global Scenario of Waste Plastics	p. 1031
3 Integrated Solid Waste Management	p. 1035
4 Management of Waste Plastics: Application of IWM Concepts	p. 1043
5 Plastics: IWM & Resource Recovery	p. 1045
6 Conclusion	p. 1057
References	p. 1058
18 Waste Sludge Management in Water Utilities	p. 1061
1 Recovery and Reuse of Magnesium Coagulant from a Simulated Water Treatment System that Generates Magnesium Sludge	p. 1062
2 Recovery and Reuse of Filter Alum and Soda Alum from a Water Treatment Plant	p. 1068
References	p. 1078
Index	p. 1081