Light and matter : electromagnetism, optics, spectroscopy and lasers

Title:

Personal Author:

Band, Yehuda Benzion, 1946-

Publication Information:

Chichester : John Wiley, 2006

ISBN:

9780471899303

Subject Term:

Electromagnetism

Spectrum analysis

Lasers

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Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010119081	QC760 B364 2006	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

Light and Matter: Electromagnetism, Optics, Spectroscopy and Lasers provides comprehensive coverage of the interaction of light and matter and resulting outcomes. Covering theory, practical consequencies and applications, this modern text serves to bridge the gap between electromagnetism, optics, spectroscopy and lasers. The book introduces the reader to the nature of light, explanes key procedures which occur as light travels through matter and delves into the effects and applications, exploring spectroscopy, lasers, nonlinear optics, fiber optics, quantum optics and light scattering. Extensive examples ensure clarity of meaning while the dynamic structure allows sections to be studies independently of one another.
* covers both fundamentals and applications
* features numerous examples
* dynamic structure allows sections to be studied independently of one another
* in depth coverage of modern topics.

This is an essential text for students of electromagnetism and optics, optoelectronics and lasers, quantum electronics spectroscopy, as well as being an invaluable reference for researches.

Reviews 1

Choice Review

Band (Ben-Gurion Univ., Israel) offers a thorough explanation of the interaction of light with matter. The book encompasses concepts from several cross-disciplinary fields, including electromagnetism, optics, spectroscopy, quantum optics, and lasers. The discussions cover both linear and nonlinear types of interaction phenomena. A brief explanation of the propagation of light in optical fibers is presented in the last chapter. The Gaussian units system is used generally in the book, and the International System of units (MKS) is introduced selectively in some cases. The book is well illustrated, and a few figures are reproduced in color. Problems are interspersed within the chapters. A list of references and five relevant appendixes are included. Readers are assumed to have a background in electricity and magnetism. ^BSumming Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through faculty. O. Eknoyan Texas A&M University

Preface	p. xiii
1 Electromagnetic radiation	p. 1
1.1 Brief history of the interaction of light and matter	p. 3
1.2 Light in vacuum	p. 3
1.2.1 The electromagnetic spectrum	p. 6
1.2.2 Wave equation in vacuum	p. 26
1.2.3 Propagation of one component in one dimension	p. 30
1.2.4 Phase and group velocity of a light pulse	p. 34
1.2.5 Amplitude modulation	p. 38
1.2.6 Frequency and phase modulation	p. 38
1.2.7 Energy, momentum and angular momentum of electromagnetic waves	p. 41
1.2.8 Polarized light	p. 50
1.2.9 Diffraction	p. 60
1.2.10 Interference	p. 66
1.2.11 Temporal and spatial coherence	p. 72
1.2.12 Photons: quantization of the electromagnetic field	p. 75
1.3 Matter-source of light	p. 79
1.3.1 Classical expressions for the charge density and current	p. 79
1.3.2 The wave equation with source terms: Lienard-Wiechert potentials	p. 80
2 Phenomenology of light propagation in matter	p. 87
2.1 Absorption of light	p. 88
2.1.1 Color of materials	p. 91
2.1.2 An aside on Einstein absorption and emission coefficients	p. 93
2.2 Nonlinear absorption	p. 94
2.2.1 Saturable absorption	p. 95
2.2.2 Reverse saturable absorption	p. 97
2.2.3 Two-photon absorption	p. 99
2.3 Index of refraction	p. 100
2.3.1 Reflection and refraction at a boundary interface	p. 101
2.3.2 Relationship between refractive index and absorption: Kramers-Kronig relation	p. 105
2.3.3 Dispersion	p. 107
2.3.4 Refractive index temperature dependence: thermal lensing	p. 112
2.4 Optical phenomena in nonisotropic media	p. 113
2.4.1 Introduction to crystallography and optics in crystals	p. 113
2.4.2 Dichroism	p. 122
2.4.3 Birefringence	p. 122
2.4.4 Optical activity, optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism	p. 140
2.5 Electric field effects	p. 143
2.5.1 Kerr effect	p. 143
2.5.2 Pockels effect	p. 144
2.5.3 Piezoelectricity	p. 149
2.5.4 Pyroelectric effect	p. 151
2.5.5 Ferroelectric effect	p. 152
2.5.6 Electrostriction	p. 158
2.5.7 Photorefractive effect	p. 161
2.6 Acousto-optic effects	p. 163
2.6.1 Diffraction by acoustic waves: Brillouin scattering	p. 163
2.6.2 Photoelastic effect (stress-birefringence)	p. 168
2.6.3 Acousto-optic detection of light	p. 169
2.7 Magnetic field effects	p. 171
2.7.1 Faraday effect	p. 173
2.7.2 Voigt and Cotton-Mouton effects	p. 175
2.7.3 Magnetic circular birefringence and dichroism	p. 176
2.7.4 Magnetostriction and magnetoelasticity	p. 176
3 The interaction of light and matter	p. 177
3.1 Lorentz force law	p. 178
3.2 Motion of a charged particle in static electric and magnetic fields	p. 178
3.2.1 Motion in a magnetic field - the cyclotron frequency	p. 178
3.2.2 Crossed electric and magnetic fields	p. 179
3.2.3 Conductivity, magnetoconductivity and Hall effect	p. 180
3.3 Motion of a bound electron in an electromagnetic field	p. 184
3.3.1 Linewidth due to spontaneous emission	p. 184
3.3.2 Rayleigh scattering, Thomson scattering, and resonant line scattering limits	p. 186
3.3.3 Polarization of a medium	p. 193
3.3.4 Polarization of a medium in a static magnetic field	p. 202
3.3.5 Electromagnetic field and a static electric field	p. 206
3.3.6 Nonlinear polarization of a medium	p. 207
3.4 Radiation due to acceleration of charges	p. 210
3.4.1 Radiation from relativistically moving charges	p. 211
3.4.2 Synchrotron emission	p. 214
3.4.3 Radiative damping force revisited	p. 215
3.4.4 Cherenkov radiation	p. 217
3.5 Multipole radiation	p. 217
3.5.1 Scattering of long wavelength electromagnetic radiation from small particles	p. 221
3.6 Scattering of a light wavepacket	p. 224
3.7 Cooling and trapping of atoms	p. 225
3.7.1 Far off-resonance trapping, atom mirrors and optical tweezers	p. 226
3.7.2 Doppler cooling	p. 228
3.7.3 Polarization gradient cooling (Sisyphus cooling) of atoms	p. 230
4 Magnetic phenomena, constitutive relations and plasmas	p. 235
4.1 Magnetic moments	p. 237
4.2 Magnetization	p. 242
4.2.1 Diamagnetism	p. 243
4.2.2 Paramagnetism	p. 244
4.2.3 Ferromagnetism	p. 247
4.2.4 Ferrimagnetism	p. 250
4.2.5 Antiferromagnetism	p. 251
4.2.6 Permeability resonances	p. 251
4.3 Magnetic resonance	p. 252
4.3.1 Nuclear magnetic resonance	p. 256
4.4 Polarization and magnetization as source terms	p. 259
4.5 Atomistic derivation of macroscopic electromagnetism and the constitutive relations	p. 261
4.6 Microscopic polarizability and macroscopic polarization	p. 264
4.6.1 Clausius-Mossotti equation and the Lorentz-Lorenz correction factor	p. 265
4.6.2 Microscopic magnetic moment and macroscopic magnetization	p. 267
4.7 Dielectric relaxation	p. 267
4.7.1 Molecular orientation (and re-orientation) in an applied field	p. 270
4.7.2 Dispersion relations for light in dielectric crystals	p. 272
4.8 Plasmas	p. 275
4.8.1 Plasma parameters	p. 277
4.8.2 Constitutive equations in a plasma	p. 280
4.8.3 Kinetic theory	p. 282
4.8.4 Hydrodynamic model of plasmas	p. 284
4.8.5 Waves in a plasma	p. 289
5 Quantum description of absorption, emission and light scattering	p. 293
5.1 Charged particle in an electromagnetic field	p. 294
5.1.1 Electron spin coupling	p. 297
5.1.2 Landau levels in a static magnetic field	p. 300
5.2 Absorption and emission	p. 301
5.2.1 Time-dependent perturbation theory	p. 301
5.2.2 Spontaneous emission	p. 304
5.2.3 Stimulated emission and absorption	p. 309
5.2.4 Finite lifetime considerations for stimulated emission and absorption	p. 309
5.2.5 Finite duration pulses	p. 311
5.3 Rayleigh and Raman scattering	p. 312
5.3.1 Why is the sky blue, the setting sun red and clouds white?	p. 316
5.4 Thomson scattering	p. 317
6 Spectroscopy	p. 319
6.1 Atoms	p. 320
6.1.1 The hydrogen atom	p. 327
6.1.2 Multielectron atomic systems	p. 337
6.1.3 Atomic selection rules	p. 347
6.1.4 Broadening due to lifetime and collisions	p. 348
6.2 Molecules	p. 348
6.2.1 Hamiltonian for molecular systems	p. 348
6.2.2 The Born-Oppenheimer approximation and potential energy surfaces	p. 349
6.2.3 Molecular orbitals	p. 350
6.3 Diatomic molecules	p. 353
6.3.1 Diatomic rotational and vibrational states and transitions	p. 354
6.3.2 Electric dipole transitions	p. 360
6.3.3 The Franck-Condon principle	p. 361
6.3.4 More about rotational states and transitions: microwave spectroscopy	p. 363
6.3.5 H[subscript 2 superscript +] ion	p. 364
6.3.6 H[subscript 2] molecule	p. 366
6.4 Polyatomic molecules	p. 367
6.4.1 Multidimensional Born-Oppenheimer potential surfaces	p. 367
6.4.2 The nuclear Hamiltonian for molecular systems	p. 369
6.4.3 Rotational degrees of freedom	p. 370
6.4.4 Large molecules	p. 377
6.5 Condensed-phase materials	p. 381
6.5.1 Crystals doped with metal ions	p. 381
6.5.2 Metals	p. 392
6.5.3 Semiconductor materials	p. 397
7 Lasers	p. 409
7.1 Laser dynamics	p. 410
7.1.1 Three- and four-level lasers	p. 410
7.1.2 Laser rate equations	p. 412
7.2 Threshold	p. 414
7.3 Steady state	p. 416
7.3.1 Small signal gain and gain saturation	p. 417
7.3.2 Circulating intracavity intensity	p. 417
7.3.3 cw output vs input	p. 419
7.4 Pulsed laser operation	p. 420
7.4.1 Relaxation oscillations	p. 420
7.4.2 Q-switching	p. 422
7.4.3 Mode-locking	p. 426
7.4.4 Extra-cavity pulse compressor	p. 429
7.4.5 Chirped pulse amplifiers	p. 429
7.5 Cavity modes	p. 430
7.5.1 Longitudinal modes	p. 430
7.5.2 Transverse modes	p. 432
7.6 Amplified spontaneous emission	p. 435
7.7 Laser linewidth	p. 437
7.8 Laser coherence	p. 437
7.9 Specific laser systems	p. 437
7.9.1 He-Ne laser	p. 438
7.9.2 Ar ion and Kr ion lasers	p. 439
7.9.3 CO[subscript 2] laser	p. 441
7.9.4 Nitrogen laser	p. 443
7.9.5 Excimer and exciplex lasers	p. 444
7.9.6 Dye lasers	p. 444
7.9.7 Solid-state lasers	p. 445
7.9.8 Semiconductor diode lasers: GaAs, AlGaAs heterostructures	p. 451
8 Nonlinear optics	p. 455
8.1 Expansion of the polarization in the electric field	p. 456
8.1.1 Symmetry relations of the nonlinear susceptibilities	p. 460
8.1.2 Electromagnetic energy density in a nonlinear medium	p. 462
8.1.3 Local field corrections to nonlinear susceptibilities	p. 464
8.1.4 The nonlinear wave equation for the slowly varying envelope	p. 465
8.1.5 Manley-Rowe relations	p. 469
8.2 Phase-matching	p. 470
8.2.1 Collinear phase-matching	p. 471
8.2.2 Noncollinear phase-matching	p. 472
8.3 Second harmonic generation	p. 473
8.3.1 Second harmonic generation with multimode light	p. 473
8.3.2 Short-pulse second harmonic generation	p. 476
8.4 Three-wave mixing	p. 478
8.4.1 Sum frequency generation	p. 478
8.4.2 Difference frequency generation	p. 484
8.5 Third harmonic generation	p. 485
8.5.1 Third harmonic generation in rare gas mixtures	p. 487
8.5.2 Effects of self-phase modulation on third harmonic generation	p. 487
8.6 Self-focusing and self-phase modulation	p. 488
8.6.1 The nonlinear Schrodinger equation	p. 490
8.6.2 Optical solitons	p. 492
8.7 Four-Wave mixing	p. 495
8.8 Stimulated Raman processes	p. 496
8.8.1 Coherent anti-Stokes and Stokes Raman spectroscopy	p. 498
8.9 Stimulated Brillouin processes	p. 498
8.10 Nonlinear matter-wave optics	p. 501
9 Quantum-optical processes	p. 503
9.1 Interaction of a two-level system with an electromagnetic field	p. 504
9.1.1 Rotating wave approximation	p. 505
9.1.2 Rabi oscillations	p. 506
9.1.3 Dressed states	p. 508
9.1.4 Adiabatic passage and the adiabatic theorem	p. 512
9.2 Liouville-von Neumann equation for the density matrix	p. 514
9.2.1 The density matrix description of matter	p. 515
9.2.2 The steady-state density matrix solution	p. 524
9.2.3 Rate equation limit	p. 526
9.2.4 Atom cooling and trapping revisited	p. 527
9.2.5 The adiabatic theorem for density matrix dynamics	p. 528
9.2.6 Inhomogeneous broadening	p. 529
9.2.7 Optical coherent transient processes	p. 530
9.3 Three-level system	p. 536
9.3.1 Wavefunction treatment of a three-level system	p. 537
9.3.2 Population transfer using stimulated Raman adiabatic passage	p. 539
9.3.3 Coherent trapping: dark states	p. 541
9.3.4 Density matrix treatment of a three-level system	p. 541
9.4 Coherent states and squeezed states	p. 543
9.4.1 Position-momentum squeezing	p. 547
9.4.2 Number and phase squeezing and the phase operator	p. 549
9.4.3 Generation of squeezed states: parametric down-conversion	p. 551
9.4.4 Homodyne detection of squeezed states	p. 552
9.4.5 Application of squeezed states: sub-shot-noise phase measurements	p. 553
9.5 The Jaynes-Cummings model	p. 554
9.6 Interaction between modes of a quantum field	p. 556
9.6.1 Interaction representation	p. 557
9.6.2 Quantum-field two-mode Rabi problem	p. 558
9.6.3 Parametric oscillation	p. 559
10 Light propagation in optical fibers and introduction to optical communication systems	p. 561
10.1 Fiber characteristics	p. 562
10.1.1 Attenuation in fibers	p. 564
10.1.2 Dispersion in fibers	p. 564
10.1.3 Polarization-maintenance and single-polarization fibers	p. 566
10.1.4 Gain in doped fibers	p. 566
10.2 Transverse modes of an optical fiber	p. 567
10.2.1 Single-mode fiber	p. 571
10.2.2 Imperfections in the fiber	p. 572
10.2.3 Coupling between fiber modes	p. 572
10.2.4 Fiber-Bragg gratings	p. 572
10.3 Nonlinear processes in fibers	p. 573
10.3.1 Optical solitons in fibers	p. 574
10.3.2 Stimulated Raman amplification in fibers	p. 574
10.3.3 Higher-order nonlinear effects	p. 575
10.3.4 Parametric processes	p. 576
10.4 Fiber-optic communication system	p. 576
10.4.1 Analogue communication	p. 577
10.4.2 Coherent optical communication	p. 577
10.4.3 Digital communication	p. 579
10.4.4 Multiplexing techniques	p. 581
Appendices	p. 583
Appendix A Vector analysis	p. 583
A.1 Scalar and vector products	p. 583
A.2 Differential operators	p. 583
A.3 Divergence and Stokes theorems	p. 585
A.4 Curvilinear coordinates	p. 586
Appendix B Electromagnetism and Maxwell's equations	p. 588
B.1 The laws of electromagnetism	p. 588
B.2 Electromagnetic units	p. 589
B.3 Maxwell's equations	p. 590
Appenddix C Quantum mechanics and the Schrodinger equation	p. 595
C.1 Time-dependent and time-independent Schrodinger equations	p. 595
C.2 Spherical harmonics	p. 597
C.3 The radial Schrodinger equation	p. 598
C.4 The free particle	p. 600
C.5 The spherical top and the distorted spherical top	p. 601
C.6 The Coulomb potential	p. 602
C.7 Atomic units	p. 603
C.8 The Morse potential	p. 606
C.9 The harmonic oscillator potential	p. 607
Appendix D Perturbation theory	p. 609
D.1 Nondegenerate time-independent perturbation theory	p. 609
D.2 Degenerate time-independent perturbation theory	p. 611
D.3 Time-dependent perturbation theory	p. 612
Appendix E Fundamental constants	p. 613
References	p. 615
Bibliography	p. 619
Index	p. 623

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