Structures technology for future aerospace systems

Title:

Series:

Progress in astronautics and aeronautics ; v.188

Publication Information:

Reston, VA : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2000

ISBN:

9781563473845

Subject Term:

Airframes

Structural analysis (Engineering)

Avions -- Cellules

Constructions, Theorie des

Added Author:

Noor, Ahmed Khairy, 1938-

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000004999409	TL507 S77 2000	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

This volume focuses on the component technologies that will play a major role in structures technology for future aerospace systems. Contributors use case histories to demonstrate the technology's development and carry it through to the current state of the art. Each chapter describes current capabilities, deficiencies and barriers; current research activities; future directions of development; and applicability of the technology in the future - both near and far term.

Preface	p. xiii
Chapter 1 Perspectives on Structures TechnologyAhmed K. Noor
Introduction	p. 1
Major Characteristics of Future Aerospace Systems	p. 10
Autonomy	p. 11
Evolvability	p. 11
Highly Distributed Systems	p. 12
Paradigm Change in Structures Technology	p. 13
Changes in Aerospace Engineering Organizations	p. 15
Economic Pressures	p. 15
Impact of Advances in Technology	p. 16
Opportunities Provided by Synergistic Coupling of Structures Technology with Other Technologies	p. 16
Novel Materials Technologies	p. 16
Multifunctional Structures	p. 18
Micro Air Vehicles	p. 20
Biologically Inspired Structures	p. 21
Concluding Remarks	p. 22
References	p. 23
Chapter 2 Affordable Composite StructuresWilliam Baron and Tia Benson Tolle and Dan Arnold and Gary Renieri and Larry Bersuch
Introduction	p. 27
Purpose of the Chapter	p. 27
Structural Affordability: Low Cost Plus Performance	p. 28
Background	p. 29
Benefits of Composites	p. 29
Current Use of Composites	p. 30
Challenges of an "All-Composite" Air Vehicle	p. 33
Design Freedom Enabled with Composite Structures	p. 36
Design Philosophy	p. 36
Materials and Processes: Enabling for Novel Concepts	p. 38
Materials and Processes Overview	p. 38
Curing Processes	p. 39
Nonautoclave Low-Temperature/Low-Pressure Curing	p. 40
Electron Beam Processing	p. 41
Induction Processing	p. 45
Resin Infusion Methods	p. 48
Innovative Reinforcements--Discontinuous Fiber Product Forms	p. 49
Material Lay-Down Methods	p. 50
Emerging Structural Concepts	p. 52
Three-Dimensional Composites in Aircraft Joints	p. 52
Three-Dimensional Composite Application for Bulkheads and Frames	p. 57
Bonding of Primary Structure	p. 58
Skin-Stiffening Concepts	p. 65
Three-Dimensional Structure Analysis and Certification	p. 71
Testing of Three-Dimensional Woven Preforms	p. 72
Needs for Certification of Three-Dimensional Structure	p. 74
Affordable Considerations for Ballistic Survivability	p. 74
Description of Ballistic Event	p. 75
Conventional Design Practice	p. 76
Design Considerations for "All-Composite" Structure	p. 78
Novel Airframe Configurations	p. 81
Structural Definition	p. 81
Unitized Composite Structure	p. 82
Primary Sandwich Structure	p. 84
Innovative Structural Layouts	p. 87
Future Outlook for Composite Airframe Structures	p. 88
References	p. 89
Chapter 3 Aging Systems and Sustainment TechnologyJohn W. Lincoln
Historical Background	p. 93
Introduction	p. 93
Aging Commercial Aircraft Research at the Federal Aviation Administration Technical Center	p. 96
Aging Commercial Aircraft Research at National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center	p. 101
Aging Military Aircraft Research in the United States Air Force	p. 104
Aging Military Aircraft Research in the United States Navy	p. 110
Widespread Fatigue Damage	p. 111
Introduction	p. 111
Damage Tolerance Assessment Process	p. 111
Technology for Assessment of Widespread Fatigue Damage	p. 118
Case Study on Aging Aircraft and Widespread Fatigue Damage	p. 121
Corrosion	p. 125
Repair	p. 133
Introduction	p. 133
Metallic Repairs	p. 133
Composite Repairs	p. 134
Future Actions	p. 137
Introduction	p. 137
United States Air Force Actions	p. 138
Conclusions	p. 140
References	p. 140
Chapter 4 Extreme Environment StructuresDonald B. Paul and Christopher L. Clay and Brett Harber and Harold Croop and David Glass and Steven Scotti
Introduction	p. 145
Actively Cooled Structures	p. 147
Introduction	p. 147
Design Requirements and Conditions	p. 147
Design Development	p. 148
Refractory and Ceramic Composite Development	p. 149
Refractory and Ceramic Composite Development (Recent Activities)	p. 151
NARloy-Z Development	p. 152
Haynes 188 Development	p. 153
Molybdenum Rhenium Development	p. 154
Copper Graphite Development	p. 159
Copper Microcomposite Development	p. 159
Test Facilities	p. 159
Air Force Research Laboratory Hydrogen Facility	p. 160
General Applied Sciences Laboratory Panel Oxidation and Erosion Test Facility	p. 160
Rocketdyne Material and Structure Thermal Validation Rig	p. 161
Thermal Protection Systems	p. 161
Blanket TPS	p. 163
Tile TPS	p. 164
Stand-Off TPS	p. 164
Hot Structure for High-Speed Vehicles	p. 166
Introduction	p. 166
Two-Dimensional Carbon--Carbon Control Surface	p. 167
Three-Dimensional Carbon--Carbon Wing Box	p. 169
Titanium Matrix Composite Hot Structure	p. 170
Heat-Pipe-Cooled Leading Edges for Hypersonic Vehicle Airframes	p. 172
Introduction	p. 172
Operation	p. 174
Half-Scale Hastelloy-X Leading-Edge Component	p. 177
Haynes 188 Leading Edge "D-Shaped" Heat Pipe	p. 179
Niobium Heat-Pipe Leading-Edge Subcomponent	p. 180
Niobium Nosecap Vapor Chamber	p. 181
Hastelloy-X Leading-Edge-Shaped Heat Pipe	p. 183
Refractory-Composite Heat-Pipe-Cooled Leading Edge	p. 185
Straight Heat Pipes Embedded in Carbon/Carbon	p. 188
Mo--Re Leading-Edge Shaped Heat Pipe	p. 192
Assessment of the State of Heat-Pipe-Cooled Leading Edges	p. 196
Conclusion	p. 196
References	p. 197
Chapter 5 Gossamer Structures: Space Membranes, Inflatables, and Other ExpandablesA. B. Chmielewski and C. H. Jenkins
Technology Background	p. 201
Overview of Gossamer Structures Technology	p. 201
History of Gossamer Structures	p. 204
Applications	p. 206
Solar Arrays	p. 206
Communication Systems	p. 211
Human Habitats	p. 212
Planetary Surface Exploration	p. 214
Radar and Reflectarrays	p. 217
Solar Concentrators	p. 220
Solar Sails	p. 221
Solar Shades	p. 224
Structural Support Members	p. 226
Telescopes and Optics	p. 227
Membrane Materials	p. 232
Materials for Membrane/Inflatables in Space	p. 232
Rigidization Technology	p. 234
Micrometeoroid and Space Debris Effects on Membrane Materials	p. 239
Analysis of Gossamer Structures	p. 243
Static and Dynamic Analysis	p. 243
Analysis of Precision Membranes	p. 247
Computational Technology for Membrane Analysis	p. 250
Analysis of Membrane Wrinkling	p. 251
Membrane/Inflatable Systems	p. 252
Adaptive Compensation of Membrane Reflectors	p. 253
Multifunctional Membranes	p. 254
Smart Structures	p. 256
Testing and Deployment	p. 258
Ground Testing	p. 258
Micrometeoroid and Debris Testing	p. 259
Deployment/Inflation Methods	p. 259
Future Directions	p. 262
Future Requirements	p. 262
Material Requirements	p. 262
Analysis Requirements	p. 262
Testing and Deployment Requirements	p. 263
Bibliography	p. 264
Chapter 6 Smart Air and Space StructuresJanet M. Sater and C. Robert Crowe and Richard Antcliff and Alok Das
Introduction	p. 269
Vision	p. 271
Significant Demonstration Projects	p. 273
Structural Integrity Monitoring	p. 273
Vibration Suppression	p. 276
Shape-Adaptive Structures	p. 295
Integrated Electronics	p. 303
Technology Status and Issues	p. 308
Materials	p. 308
Devices	p. 313
Electronics	p. 323
Control Approaches and Algorithms	p. 324
Analytical Methods	p. 327
Integration	p. 331
Concluding Remarks	p. 334
References	p. 335
Chapter 7 Computational Structures TechnologyAhmed K. Noor
Introduction	p. 351
Brief History of the Development of CST Software	p. 352
Goals of CST Activities	p. 354
Recent Advances in CST	p. 356
Element Technology and Discretization Techniques	p. 356
Computational Material Modeling	p. 359
Computational Modeling of Composite, Sandwich, and Smart Structures	p. 361
Computational Tools and Methodologies for Life Management	p. 363
Transient Response Analysis	p. 364
Nonlinear Analysis	p. 365
Numerical Simulation of Frictional Contact/Impact Response	p. 365
Computational Methods for Articulated Structural Dynamics	p. 365
Nondeterministic Modeling and Analysis Methods	p. 365
Qualitative Analysis and Simulation	p. 366
Neuro-computing	p. 366
Hybrid Techniques	p. 367
Error Estimation and Adaptive Improvement Strategies	p. 367
Strategies for Solution of Coupled Problems	p. 370
Sensitivity Analysis	p. 370
Integrated Analysis and Design	p. 371
Strategies and Numerical Algorithms for New Computing Systems	p. 371
Model Generation Facilities	p. 372
Application of Object-Oriented Technology	p. 373
CST at Universities and Industry	p. 375
A Look at the Future	p. 377
Characteristics of Future Engineering Systems	p. 379
New and Emerging Computing Paradigm and Environment	p. 380
Virtual Product Development Systems and Information Technology	p. 383
Primary Pacing Items	p. 386
Related Tasks	p. 391
Concluding Remarks	p. 392
References	p. 392
Index	p. 407

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