Handbook of Rf, Microwave, and Millimeter-wave Components

This unique and comprehensive resource offers you a detailed treatment of the operations principles, key parameters, and specific characteristics of active and passive RF, microwave, and millimeter-wave components. The book covers both linear and nonlinear components that are used in a wide range of application areas, from communications and information sciences, to avionics, space, and military engineering. This practical book presents descriptions and clear examples of the best materials and products used in the field, including laminates, prepregs, substrates, microstrip, coaxial and waveguide transmission lines, fixed and rotating connectors, matching and adjusting elements, frequency filters, phase shifters, and ferrite gates and circulators. Moreover, the book offers you in-depth discussions on microwave switches and matrices, including MEMS technology, solid state and vacuum amplifiers, mixers, modulators and demodulators, and oscillation sources. You also find coverage of the stable frequency synthesizer structure and sources of modulated or noisy signals. Greatly adding to the usefulness of this volume is the inclusion of more than 700 Internet addresses of manufacturers from across the globe.

Author Notes

Leonid A. Belov is a professor at the national Research University, Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Russia, where he earned his Ph.D. in radio engineering.
Sergey M. Smolskiy is a professor at the National Research University, Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Russia. He holds a Ph.D. in radio engineering and a Dr. Sc. in radar technology from that same university.
Victor N. Kochemasov is the head of the Scientific Department at the Moscow Technical University of Communication and Informatics in Russia. He earned his Ph. D. in radio engineering at the National Research University, Moscow Power Engineering Institute, Russia.

Preface	p. xi
Chapter 1 Devices for Signal Generation and Processing	p. 1
1.1 General Information About Signals	p. 1
1.2 Architecture of Devices for Generation and Processing of Signals	p. 6
1.2.1 Reference Oscillations	p. 6
1.2.2 Signals with Phase Modulation and Shift Keying	p. 10
1.2.3 QAM Signals	p. 16
1.2.4 Signals with Frequency Modulation and Shift Keying	p. 18
1.2.5 Multifrequency Signals	p. 24
1.3 Requirements to Devices and Components	p. 27
1.4 Product Certification and Quality Standards	p. 30
1.5 Foundry Service	p. 36
Questions	p. 38
References	p. 38
Chapter 2 Transmission Line Components	p. 41
2.1 Fundamentals	p. 41
2.2 Classification and Parameters	p. 47
2.3 RF Coaxial Cables	p. 51
2.4 Coaxial Connectors	p. 55
2.5 Cable Assemblies	p. 65
2.6 Waveguides and Flanges	p. 66
2.7 Coaxial and Waveguide Components	p. 68
2.8 Rotary Joints	p. 73
Questions	p. 75
References	p. 75
Chapter 3 Passive Components	p. 77
3.1 Substrates and Laminates	p. 78
3.2 Resistors and Fixed Attenuators	p. 84
3.3 Inductors, Chokes, and Transformers	p. 90
3.4 Capacitors	p. 96
3.5 EMI and RFI Filters	p. 102
3.6 Power Dividers/Combiners, Splitters	p. 107
3.7 Couplers	p. 113
3.8 Beamformer Networks	p. 118
3.9 Gain Equalizers	p. 121
3.10 Circulators and Isolators	p. 124
Questions	p. 129
References	p. 130
Chapter 4 Fixed Frequency Filters	p. 131
4.1 Fundamentals	p. 131
4.2 Lumped LC-Element Filters	p. 137
4.3 Cavity Filters	p. 142
4.4 Ceramic Resonator Filters	p. 143
4.5 Microstrip and Stripline Filters	p. 146
4.6 Tubular Filters	p. 147
4.7 Waveguide Filters	p. 147
4.8 Yttrium-Iron Garnet (YIG) Filters	p. 150
4.9 Thin- and Thick-Film Filters	p. 154
4.10 Monolithic Crystal Filters	p. 155
4.11 SAW and BAW Filters	p. 157
4.12 MEMS Filters	p. 160
4.13 Harmonic Filters	p. 161
4.14 Frequency Multiplexers and Duplexers	p. 164
4.15 Fixed Frequency Filter Assemblies	p. 170
Questions	p. 171
References	p. 171
Chapter 5 Control Components: Attenuators, Phase Shifters, Time Delay Lines, and Controlled Frequency Filters	p. 173
5.1 Fundamentals	p. 173
5.2 Classification and Parameters	p. 181
5.3 Variable Attenuators	p. 184
5.3.1 Manually Controlled Attenuators	p. 184
5.3.2 Electrically Variable Attenuators	p. 185
5.3.3 Digitally Controlled Attenuators	p. 190
5.3.4 Programmable Attenuators	p. 193
5.3.5 Phase Invariant Attenuators	p. 195
5.4 Phase Shifters	p. 197
5.5 Time Delay Lines	p. 201
5.6 Tunable and Switched Frequency Filters	p. 206
Questions	p. 209
References	p. 209
Chapter 6 Control Components: Switches and Matrices	p. 211
6.1 Fundamentals	p. 211
6.2 Classification and Parameters	p. 213
6.3 Solid-State Switches and Matrices	p. 217
6.3.1 PIN-Diode Switches	p. 218
6.3.2 FET/GaAs Switches	p. 220
6.3.3 Solid-State Matrices	p. 224
6.4 Coaxial Electromechanical Switches and Matrices	p. 227
6.5 Waveguide Electromechanical Switches	p. 231
6.6 Microelectromechanical Switches	p. 234
6.7 Ferrite Switches	p. 239
6.8 Reed, Motorized, Redundancy, Shorting, Transmitter/Receiver, Bidirectional, and Programmable Switches	p. 241
Questions	p. 244
References	p. 244
Chapter 7 Amplifiers	p. 247
7.1 Fundamentals	p. 247
7.2 Classification and Parameters	p. 250
7.3 Low-Noise Amplifiers	p. 255
7.4 High Dynamic Range Amplifiers	p. 259
7.5 Solid-State Power Amplifiers	p. 261
7.6 Wideband Solid-State Amplifiers	p. 266
7.7 Variable Gain, Transimpedance, Limiting, Cryogenic, Distribution, Fast Recovering, and Temperature Compensated Amplifiers	p. 268
7.8 Klystrodes, Klystrons, TWTs, Amplitrons, Crossed-Field, and Gyro-Amplifiers	p. 272
7.9 Pulse Amplifiers	p. 277
7.10 Intermodulation Distortion and Linearization of Power Amplifiers	p. 277
Questions	p. 282
References	p. 282
Chapter 8 Frequency Mixers and Converters	p. 285
8.1 Fundamentals	p. 285
8.2 Classification and Parameters	p. 289
8.3 Balanced Mixers	p. 292
8.4 Image Reject Mixers	p. 297
8.5 Harmonic Mixers	p. 298
8.6 Frequency Converters	p. 303
8.7 Self-Oscillating Mixers	p. 305
Questions	p. 308
References	p. 309
Chapter 9 Modulators and Demodulators	p. 311
9.1 Fundamentals	p. 311
9.2 Parameters and Classification	p. 316
9.3 Amplitude Modulators and Detectors	p. 318
9.4 BPSK Modulators and Demodulators	p. 322
9.5 I/Q Modulators and Demodulators	p. 325
9.6 Vector Modulators	p. 329
9.7 Modulators with Extended Functional Possibilities	p. 331
9.8 High-Speed Digital-to-Analog Converters in Modulators	p. 332
9.9 Smoothing of Modulation Fronts	p. 335
Questions	p. 337
References	p. 337
Chapter 10 Frequency Multipliers and Dividers	p. 339
10.1 Fundamentals	p. 339
10.2 Frequency Multipliers	p. 344
10.2.1 Passive Frequency Multipliers	p. 344
10.2.2 Active Frequency Multipliers	p. 347
10.2.3 Harmonic Multipliers	p. 349
10.2.4 Frequency Multipliers on PLL	p. 350
10.3 Frequency Dividers	p. 351
10.3.1 Prescalers	p. 351
10.3.2 Counting Frequency Dividers	p. 354
Questions	p. 355
References	p. 356
Chapter 11 Oscillation Sources	p. 357
11.1 Fundamentals	p. 357
11.2 Parameters	p. 361
11.3 Standards of Frequency and Time	p. 363
11.4 Crystal Oscillators	p. 370
11.4.1 Clock Oscillators	p. 373
11.4.2 High-precision Crystal Oscillators	p. 376
11.4.3 Frequency-Controlled Crystal Modules	p. 378
11.5 SAW and BAW Oscillators	p. 379
11.6 MEMS Oscillators	p. 382
11.7 Oscillators with Stabilized Resonators	p. 382
11.8 Optoelectronic Oscillators	p. 390
11.9 Millimeter-Wave on Gunn and IMPATT Diodes Oscillators	p. 391
11.10 Oscillators with Sapphire-Loaded Cavities	p. 398
11.11 Oscillators on Tubes Microwave	p. 403
Questions	p. 407
References	p. 408
Chapter 12 Frequency Controlled Oscillators	p. 411
12.1 Fundamentals	p. 411
12.2 Classification and Parameters	p. 413
12.3 Narrowband VCO MMICs and Modules	p. 418
12.4 Wideband and Octave Tuned VCOs	p. 423
12.5 VCO with Crystal, SAW, Coaxial, and Dielectric Resonators	p. 424
12.6 YIG-Tuned Oscillators	p. 427
12.7 Digitally Tuned Oscillators	p. 431
Questions	p. 432
References	p. 433
Chapter 13 Frequency Synthesizers, Signals, and Noise Sources	p. 435
13.1 Fundamentals	p. 435
13.2 Fixed Frequency Synthesizers	p. 439
13.3 Direct Digital Synthesizers	p. 443
13.4 Phase Locked Loop Frequency Synthesizers	p. 449
13.5 Hybrid Synthesizers	p. 454
13.6 Signal Synthesizers	p. 460
13.7 Arbitrary Waveform and Noise Generators	p. 466
Questions	p. 471
References	p. 471
Appendix A Web Sites and Names of Manufacturing Companies	p. 473
List of Acronyms	p. 489
About the Authors	p. 495
Index	p. 497

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Author Notes

Table of Contents