Available:*
Library | Item Barcode | Call Number | Material Type | Item Category 1 | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Searching... | 30000010296613 | TJ254.5 K847 2012 | Open Access Book | Book | Searching... |
On Order
Summary
Summary
A hands-on, integrated approach to solving combustion problems in diverse areas
An understanding of turbulence, combustion, and multiphase reacting flows is essential for engineers and scientists in many industries, including power genera-tion, jet and rocket propulsion, pollution control, fire prevention and safety, and material processing. This book offers a highly practical discussion of burning behavior and chemical processes occurring in diverse materials, arming readers with the tools they need to solve the most complex combustion problems facing the scientific community today. The second of a two-volume work, Applications of Turbulent and Multiphase Combustion expands on topics involving laminar flames from Professor Kuo's bestselling book Principles of Combustion, Second Edition, then builds upon the theory discussed in the companion volume Fundamentals of Turbulent and Multiphase Combustion to address in detail cutting-edge experimental techniques and applications not covered anywhere else.
Special features of this book include:
Coverage of advanced applications such as solid propellants, burning behavior, and chemical boundary layer flows
A multiphase systems approach discussing basic concepts before moving to higher-level applications
A large number of practical examples gleaned from the authors' experience along with problems and a solutions manual
Engineers and researchers in chemical and mechanical engineering and materials science will find Applications of Turbulent and Multiphase Combustion an indispensable guide for upgrading their skills and keeping up with this rapidly evolving area. It is also an excellent resource for students and professionals in mechanical, chemical, and aerospace engineering.
Author Notes
Kenneth K. Kuo is Distinguished Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Director of the High Pressure Combustion Laboratory (HPCL) in the Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering of the College of Engineering at The Pennsylvania State University.'?Professor Kuo established the HPCL and is recognized as one of the leading researchers and experts in propulsion-related combustion.
Ragini Acharya is Senior Research Scientist at United Technologies Research Center. She received her PhD from The Pennsylvania State University in 2008. Dr. Acharya's research expertise includes development of multiphysics, multiscale, multiphase models, fire dynamics, numerical methods, and scientific computing. She has authored or coauthored multiple technical articles in these areas.
Table of Contents
| Preface | p. xvii |
| 1 Solid Propellants and Their Combustion Characteristics | p. 1 |
| 1.1 Background of Solid Propellant Combustion | p. 4 |
| 1.1.1 Definition of Solid Propellants | p. 4 |
| 1.1.2 Desirable Characteristics of Solid Propellants | p. 4 |
| 1.1.3 Calculation of Oxygen Balance | p. 5 |
| 1.1.4 Homogeneous Propellants | p. 6 |
| 1.1.4.1 Decomposition Characteristics of NC | p. 6 |
| 1.1.5 Heterogeneous Propellants (or Composite Propellants) | p. 7 |
| 1.1.6 Major Types of Ingredients in Solid Propellants | p. 8 |
| 1.1.6.1 Description of Oxidizer Ingredients | p. 10 |
| 1.1.6.2 Description of Fuel Binders | p. 12 |
| 1.1.6.3 Curing and Cross-Linking Agents | p. 14 |
| 1.1.6.4 Aging | p. 15 |
| 1.1.7 Applications of Solid Propellants | p. 16 |
| 1.1.7.1 Hazard Classifications of Solid Propellants | p. 16 |
| 1.1.8 Material Characterization of Propellants | p. 16 |
| 1.1.8.1 Propellant Density Calculation | p. 16 |
| 1.1.8.2 Propellant Mass Fraction | p. 17 |
| 1.1.8.3 Viscoelastic Behavior of Solid Propellants | p. 17 |
| 1.1.9 Thermal Profile in a Burning Solid Propellant | p. 18 |
| 1.1.9.1 Surface and Subsurface Temperature Measurements of Solid Propellants | p. 18 |
| 1.1.9.2 Interfacial Energy Flux Balance at the Solid Propellant Surface | p. 20 |
| 1.1.9.3 Energy Equation for the Gas Phase | p. 21 |
| 1.1.9.4 Burning Rate of Solid Propellants | p. 23 |
| 1.1.9.5 Temperature Sensitivity of Burning Rate | p. 25 |
| 1.1.9.6 Measurement of Propellant Burning Rate by Using a Strand Burner | p. 26 |
| 1.1.9.7 Measurement of Propellant Burning Rate by Using a Small-Scale Motor | p. 37 |
| 1.1.9.8 Burning Rate Temperature Sensitivity of Neat Ingredients | p. 41 |
| 1.2 Solid-Propellant Rocket and Gun Performance Parameters | p. 43 |
| 1.2.1 Performance Parameters of a Solid Rocket Motor | p. 44 |
| 1.2.1.1 Thrust of a Solid Rocket Motor | p. 44 |
| 1.2.1.2 Specific Impulse of a Solid Rocket Motor | p. 48 |
| 1.2.1.3 Density-Specific Impulse | p. 56 |
| 1.2.1.4 Effective Vacuum Exhaust Velocity | p. 58 |
| 1.2.1.5 Characteristic Velocity C * | p. 58 |
| 1.2.1.6 Pressure Sensitivity of Burning Rate | p. 59 |
| 1.2.1.7 Thrust Coefficient Efficiency | p. 60 |
| 1.2.1.8 Effect of Pressure Exponent on Stable/Unstable Burning in Solid Rocket Motor | p. 60 |
| 1.2.2 Performance Parameters of Solid-Propellant Gun Systems | p. 61 |
| 1.2.2.1 Energy Balance Equation | p. 64 |
| 1.2.2.2 Efficiencies of Gun Propulsion Systems | p. 67 |
| 1.2.2.3 Heat of Explosion (Ho ex) | p. 69 |
| 1.2.2.4 Relative Quickness, Relative Force, and Deviations in Muzzle Velocity | p. 70 |
| 1.2.2.5 Dynamic Vivacity | p. 71 |
| 2 Thermal Decomposition and Combustion of Nitramines | p. 72 |
| 2.1 Thermophysical Properties of Selected Nitramines | p. 76 |
| 2.2 Polymorphic Forms of Nitramines | p. 78 |
| 2.2.1 Polymorphic Forms of HMX | p. 80 |
| 2.2.2 Polymorphic Forms of RDX | p. 82 |
| 2.3 Thermal Decomposition of RDX | p. 88 |
| 2.3.1 Explanation of Opposite Trends on ?- and ?-RDX Decomposition with Increasing Pressure | p. 90 |
| Thermal Decomposition Mechanisms of RDX | p. 92 |
| Homolytic NûN Bond Cleavage | p. 92 |
| Concerted Ring Opening Mechanism of RDX | p. 94 |
| Successive HONO Elimination Mechanism of RDX | p. 96 |
| Analysis of Three Decomposition Mechanisms | p. 104 |
| Formation of Foam Layer Near RDX Burning Surface | p. 106 |
| Gas-Phase Reactions of RDX | p. 109 |
| Development of Gas-Phase Reaction Mechanism for RDX Combustion | p. 111 |
| Modeling of RDX Monopropellant Combustion with Surface Reactions | p. 125 |
| Processes in Foam-Layer Region | p. 126 |
| Reactions Considered in the Foam Layer | p. 128 |
| Evaporation and Condensation Consideration for RDX | p. 128 |
| Boundary Conditions | p. 130 |
| Numerical Methods Used for RDX Combustion Model with Foam Layer | p. 131 |
| Predicted Flame Structure | p. 132 |
| Common Ingredients in Homogeneous Propellants | p. 147 |
| Combustion Wave Structure of a Double-Base Propellant | p. 148 |
| Burning Rate Behavior of a Double-Base Propellant | p. 149 |
| Burning Rate Behavior of Catalyzed Nitrate-Ester Propellants | p. 155 |
| Thermal Wave Structure and Pyrolysis Law of Homogeneous Propellants | p. 158 |
| Dark Zone Residence Time Correlation | p. 166 |
| Modeling and Prediction of Homogeneous Propellant Combustion Behavior | p. 167 |
| Multi-Ingredient Model of Miller and Anderson | p. 171 |
| NC: A Special Case Ingredient | p. 172 |
| Comparison of Calculated Propellant Burning Rates with the Experimental Data | p. 175 |
| Transient Burning Characterization of Homogeneous Solid Propellant | p. 187 |
| What is Dynamic Burning? | p. 188 |
| Theoretical Models for Dynamic Burning | p. 190 |
| dp/dt Approach | p. 193 |
| Flame Description Approach | p. 194 |
| ZelÆdovich Approach | p. 194 |
| Characterization of Dynamic Burning of JA2 Propellant Using the ZelÆdovich Approach | p. 196 |
| Experimental Measurement of Dynamic Burning Rate of JA2 Propellant | p. 201 |
| Novozhilov Stability Parameters | p. 202 |
| Novozhilov Stability Parameters for JA2 Propellant | p. 203 |
| Some Problems Associated with Dynamic Burning Characterization | p. 205 |
| Factors Influencing Dynamic Burning | p. 207 |
| Roe-Pike Method | p. 501 |
| 6.10 Entropy Condition and | |
| Higher Order Correctio |
