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Summary
Summary
Photonic crystal fibers, also known as microstructured or holey fibers, have recently generated great interest in the scientific community thanks to the new ways provided to control and guide light, not obtainable with conventional optical fibers. Proposed for the first time in the 90's, photonic crystal fibers have driven an exciting and irrepressible research activity all over the World, starting in the telecommunication field and then touching metrology, spectroscopy, microscopy, astronomy, micromachining, biology and sensing.
This book is intended to provide an expert guidance through the properties of photonic crystal fibers, with a specific focus on the telecommunication aspects. The authors believe that photonic crystal fibers can revolutionize the field of guided optics and its applications, especially when considering signal processing and specific functions rather than the usage in long distance transmission. They provide a deep analysis of how the physical and geometrical characteristics of these new fibers can be tailored to achieve the goal of ad hoc performances, using the powerful numerical approach of the finite element method, and keeping in mind the possibilities and limits of photonic crystal fiber fabrication technology.
Table of Contents
| Preface |
| Acknowledgements |
| Introduction |
| 1 Basics of photonic crystal fibers |
| 1.1 From conventional optical fibers to PCFs |
| 1.2 Guiding mechanism |
| 1.2.1 Modified total internal reflection |
| 1.2.2 Photonic bandgap guidance |
| 1.3 Properties and applications |
| 1.3.1 Solid-core fibers |
| 1.3.2 Hollow-core fibers |
| 1.4 Loss mechanisms |
| 1.4.1 Intrinsic loss |
| 1.4.2 Leakage loss |
| 1.4.3 Bending loss |
| 1.5 Fabrication process |
| 1.5.1 Stack-and-draw technique |
| 1.5.2 Extrusion fabrication process |
| 1.5.3 Microstructured polymer optical fibers |
| 1.5.4 OmniGuide fibers |
| 1.6 Photonic crystal fibers in the market |
| Bibliography |
| 2 Guiding properties |
| 2.1 Square-lattice PCFs |
| 2.1.1 Guidance |
| 2.1.2 Cut-off |
| 2.2 Cut-off of large mode area triangular PCFs |
| 2.3 Hollow-core modified honeycomb PCFs |
| 2.3.1 Guidance and leakage |
| 2.3.2 Birefringence |
| Bibliography |
| 3 Dispersion properties |
| 3.1 PCFs for dispersion compensation |
| 3.2 Dispersion of square-lattice PCFs |
| 3.3 Dispersion-flattened triangular PCFs |
| 3.3.1 PCFs with modified air-hole rings |
| 3.3.2 Triangular-core PCFs |
| Bibliography |
| 4 Nonlinear properties |
| 4.1 Supercontinuum generation |
| 4.1.1 Physics of supercontinuum generation |
| 4.1.2 Highly nonlinear PCFs |
| 4.1.3 Dispersion properties and pump wavelength |
| 4.1.4 Influence of the pump pulse regime |
| 4.1.5 Applications |
| 4.2 Optical parametric amplification |
| 4.2.1 Triangular PCFs for OPA. Dispersion and nonlinear properties |
| 4.2.2 Phase-matching condition in triangular PCFs. Optical parametric gain in triangular PCFs |
| 4.3 Nonlinear coefficient in hollow-core PCFs |
| Bibliography |
| 5 Raman properties |
| 5.1 Raman effective area and Raman gain coefficient |
| 5.2 Raman properties of triangular PCFs |
| 5.2.1 Silica triangular PCFs |
| 5.2.2 Tellurite triangular PCFs |
| 5.2.3 Enlarging air-hole triangular PCFs |
| 5.3 Raman properties of honeycomb PCFs |
| 5.4 PCF Raman amplifiers |
| 5.4.1 Model for PCF Raman amplifiers |
| 5.4.2 Triangular PCF Raman amplifiers |
| 5.5 Impact of background losses on PCF Raman amplifiers |
| 5.6 Multipump PCF Raman amplifiers |
| Bibliography |
| 6 Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers |
| 6.1 Model for doped-fiber amplifiers |
| 6.2 EDFAs based on honeycomb and cobweb PCFs |
| 6.3 EDFAs based on triangular PCFs |
| Bibliography |
| A Finite Element Method |
| A.1 Formulation |
| A.2 PCF parameter evaluation |
| Bibliography |
