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Library | Item Barcode | Call Number | Material Type | Item Category 1 | Status |
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Searching... | 30000010258181 | HD9502.5.B542 C87 2010 | Open Access Book | Book | Searching... |
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Summary
Summary
Bioenergy has been critically important since our ancestors first used wood to cook their food and stay warm at night. Traditional forms of bioenergy, firewood and cow dung patties, remain primary fuel sources for many rural and poor people. More modern sources of bioenergy--including ethanol and biodiesel for transport and wood pellets for heating, among many others--offer great promise but generate great controversy.This book gives an overview of bioenergy developments. It examines the main issues and possible socioeconomic implications of these developments, as well as their potential impacts on land use and the environment, especially with respect to forests. The authors present an introduction to bioenergy, provide a background and overview of solid biomass and liquid biofuels, and examine the opportunities and challenges at the regional and country levels. They also examine potential impacts for specific types of bioenergy.'Bioenergy Development' does not attempt to be definitive on such subjects as the impact of bioenergy on food prices, but it does suggest the tradeoffs that need to be examined when considering bioenergy policies. The authors offer five main findings:* Solid biomass will continue to provide a principal source of energy and should not be overlooked.* There will be major land-use implications resulting from bioenergy developments.* It is critical to consider tradeoffs--including those related to poverty, equity, and the environment--when considering bioenergy policies.* There is considerable potential for an increased use of forestry and timber waste as a bioenergy feedstock.* The climate change impacts of bioenergy development are uncertain, and highly specific to location and feedstock.
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments | p. xiii |
About the Authors | p. xv |
Abbreviations | p. xvii |
Executive Summary | p. 1 |
General Findings | p. 2 |
Regional Findings | p. 3 |
Policy Implications | p. 5 |
1 Overview | p. 7 |
Main Types of Bioenergy | p. 8 |
This Report | p. 11 |
Total Bioenergy Supply and Contribution to TPES | p. 12 |
Outlook for Bioenergy Consumption | p. 13 |
Forces Affecting Bioenergy Development | p. 17 |
Concerns about Bioenergy Development | p. 21 |
Policies, Targets, and Instruments | p. 25 |
Notes | p. 39 |
2 Solid Biomass | p. 41 |
Long-Term Trend and Outlook for Primary Solid Biomass | p. 44 |
Bioenergy Production from Solid Biomass | p. 46 |
Traditional Uses of Solid Biomass for Energy | p. 65 |
Modern and Industrial Uses of Solid Biomass for Energy | p. 70 |
Energy Systems Based on Biomass Pellets | p. 76 |
Notes | p. 86 |
3 Liquid Biofuels | p. 89 |
Bioethanol for Fuel | p. 90 |
Biodiesel for Fuel | p. 93 |
Economic Viability of Liquid Biofuel Production | p. 96 |
Social and Environmental Impacts | p. 99 |
Notes | p. 120 |
4 Impacts and Issues at the Country and Regional Levels | p. 121 |
Africa | p. 122 |
East Asia and Pacific | p. 127 |
Europe and Central Asia | p. 133 |
Latin America and the Caribbean | p. 136 |
Middle East and North Africa | p. 140 |
South Asia | p. 142 |
Notes | p. 146 |
5 Conclusions | p. 147 |
General Conclusions | p. 147 |
Regional Conclusions | p. 151 |
Policy Implications | p. 153 |
Note | p. 155 |
Appendix A Production of Alcohol Bioenergy from Sugars and Starches | p. 157 |
Sugarcane | p. 157 |
Corn | p. 163 |
Sweet Sorghum | p. 167 |
Cassava | p. 170 |
Nypa Palm | p. 173 |
Notes | p. 175 |
Appendix B Production of Bioenergy from Oilseed Crops | p. 177 |
Oil Palm | p. 177 |
Soybean | p. 184 |
Rapeseed | p. 189 |
Jatropha | p. 193 |
Jojoba | p. 197 |
Pongamia | p. 199 |
Notes | p. 202 |
Appendix C Second-Generation Bioenergy Production | p. 205 |
Economics of Second-Generation Bioenergy Production | p. 209 |
Economic Impact of Second-Generation Bioenergy Production | p. 209 |
Impact of Second-Generation Bioenergy Production on the Use of Land and Other Resources | p. 210 |
Environmental Impact of Second-Generation Bioenergy Production | p. 211 |
Notes | p. 211 |
Appendix D Third-Generation Bioenergy Production | p. 213 |
Note | p. 215 |
References | p. 217 |
Index | p. 233 |