Introduction to radio propagation for fixed and mobile communications

Title:

Personal Author:

Doble, John

Series:

Mobile communications series

Publication Information:

Boston, Mass. : Artech House, 1996

ISBN:

9780890065297

Subject Term:

Mobile communication systems

Microwave communication systems

Radio wave propagation

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000004124107	TK6570.M6 D63 1996	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

Gain a better understanding of the propagation effects you're likely to encounter when working in fixed-link and mobile radio systems with this clear, practical guide. This book explores fixed-link propagation and relates the concepts to the more complex situations you face in the mobile environment.

Acknowledgments	p. xiii
Introduction	p. xv
Part I Fixed-Link Systems	p. 1
Chapter 1 Radio Refractive Index	p. 3
1.1 Introduction	p. 3
1.2 Background to Microwave Radio Links	p. 3
1.3 Sea Level Value of RRI and Its Variation With Height	p. 7
1.4 The Measurement of RRI	p. 8
1.4.1 Radiosondes	p. 8
1.4.2 Refractometers	p. 8
1.4.3 RRI Profiles	p. 10
1.5 Deviations From the Normal Lapse Rate	p. 11
1.5.1 Subrefraction	p. 11
1.5.2 Superrefraction	p. 13
1.5.3 The Common Causes of the Lapse-Rate Deviations	p. 13
1.6 Summary	p. 15
References	p. 16
Chapter 2 Fading on Microwave Systems	p. 17
2.1 Introduction	p. 17
2.2 The Mechanics of Fading	p. 17
2.2.1 Multipath Fading	p. 19
2.2.2 Mean-Depression Fading	p. 22
2.3 The Effect of Fading on System Performance	p. 25
2.3.1 Analog Systems	p. 25
2.3.2 Digital Systems	p. 25
2.4 The Effect of Fading on Antenna Performance	p. 29
2.5 Summary	p. 32
References	p. 33
Chapter 3 The Use of Diversity to Reduce System Performance Degradation	p. 35
3.1 Introduction	p. 35
3.2 Frequency Diversity	p. 36
3.3 Space Diversity	p. 36
3.3.1 The Effect of Space Diversity on the Severity Of Narrowband Fading	p. 40
3.4 Angle Diversity	p. 43
3.5 Relative Merits of the Three Types of Diversity	p. 44
3.6 Summary	p. 44
References	p. 45
Chapter 4 Propagation-Induced Interference	p. 47
4.1 Introduction	p. 47
4.2 Adjacent Channel Interference	p. 48
4.3 Cochannel Interference	p. 49
4.3.1 Bad Route Planning	p. 49
4.3.2 Failure to Account for Other Routes in the Same Country	p. 49
4.3.3 Failure to Carry out International Coordination Procedures	p. 49
4.3.4 Degradation of XPD in a Cofrequency, Cross-polar Frequency Plan	p. 51
4.4 Nodal-Point Interference	p. 51
4.5 Summary	p. 52
References	p. 53
Chapter 5 Rain Attenuation and Molecular Absorption	p. 55
5.1 Introduction	p. 55
5.2 Polarization and Frequency Sensitivity of Rain Attenuation	p. 56
5.3 Sources of Rain-Rate Data	p. 56
5.4 Using Rain-Rate Data to Calculate Path Attenuation	p. 57
5.5 The Prediction of Rain Attenuation	p. 59
5.5.1 The United Kingdom Model	p. 59
5.5.2 The CCIR Model	p. 60
5.5.3 Comparative Calculation	p. 62
5.5.4 Polarization Scaling	p. 63
5.6 Path Diversity	p. 64
5.7 Molecular Absorption	p. 64
5.8 Summary	p. 66
References	p. 67
Chapter 6 System Outage Modeling	p. 69
6.1 Introduction	p. 69
6.2 CCIR Performance Objectives for Analog Systems	p. 69
6.3 Multipath Prediction Models	p. 73
6.3.1 The United Kingdom Model	p. 73
6.3.2 CCIR Prediction Models	p. 74
6.4 CCIR Performance Objectives for Digital Systems	p. 78
6.4.1 Availability Objectives	p. 79
6.5 System Signatures	p. 79
6.6 Performance Prediction Models for Digital Systems	p. 83
6.6.1 Net-Fade Margin	p. 83
6.6.2 Inband Amplitude Dispersion	p. 84
6.6.3 Signature-based Models	p. 84
6.7 Summary	p. 87
References	p. 88
Chapter 7 System Planning	p. 89
7.1 Introduction	p. 89
7.2 Basic Transmission Information	p. 90
7.2.1 Free-Space Transmission Loss	p. 90
7.2.2 Link Budget	p. 91
7.2.3 Diffraction Fading and Fresnel-Zone Clearance	p. 91
7.2.4 Ray Curvature as a Function of RRI Lapse Rate	p. 92
7.3 General Planning Concepts	p. 95
7.3.1 Multihop Links	p. 95
7.3.2 A Planning Exercise	p. 97
7.3.3 The Problem of Water Along the Route	p. 104
7.4 Summary	p. 106
References	p. 107
Part II Mobile Systems	p. 111
Chapter 8 Basic Mobile Propagation Topics	p. 111
8.1 Introduction	p. 111
8.2 The Different Types of Mobile Services	p. 112
8.2.1 Wide-Area Radio-Paging	p. 112
8.2.2 Display Paging	p. 112
8.2.3 Cordless Telephone (CT1)	p. 113
8.2.4 Cordless Telephone (CT2)	p. 113
8.2.5 Digital European Cordless Telephone (DECT)	p. 113
8.2.6 Telepoint	p. 114
8.2.7 Private Mobile Radio (PMR)	p. 114
8.2.8 Basic (Noncellular) Car-Phone System	p. 114
8.2.9 Analog Cellular	p. 114
8.2.10 Digital Cellular	p. 115
8.3 A General Discussion	p. 115
8.4 Basic Propagation	p. 117
8.4.1 VHF Propagation	p. 117
8.4.2 UHF Propagation	p. 119
8.4.3 EHF Propagation	p. 120
8.5 Antenna Effects	p. 120
8.5.1 Antenna Height	p. 120
8.5.2 Antenna Beam Shaping	p. 121
8.6 Radio Noise	p. 121
8.7 Summary	p. 121
References	p. 122
Chapter 9 Prediction Methods, Models, and Measurements for Mobile Systems in Rural, Suburban, and Urban Locations	p. 123
9.1 Introduction	p. 123
9.2 Path-Loss Predictions at VHF and UHF	p. 124
9.2.1 Rural Areas	p. 124
9.2.2 Urban and Suburban Areas	p. 127
9.3 Path-Loss Predictions at the Lower Microwave Frequencies	p. 127
9.3.1 Rural Areas	p. 127
9.3.2 Urban and Suburban Areas	p. 128
9.3.3 Limits of Application	p. 132
9.4 Practical Measurements of Path Loss	p. 134
9.5 Delay Measurements	p. 135
9.5.1 Practical Measurement Techniques	p. 135
9.5.2 Results Presentation	p. 138
9.6 Summary	p. 140
References	p. 141
Chapter 10 Propagation Aspects of Cellular Radio Systems	p. 143
10.1 Introduction	p. 143
10.2 The Evolution of Cellular Radio Systems	p. 144
10.3 A Basic Description of Analog Cellular Radio	p. 145
10.3.1 Cell and Cluster Sizes	p. 145
10.3.2 Logging On	p. 146
10.3.3 Handover	p. 146
10.3.4 Further Aspects	p. 147
10.4 Digital Cellular Systems	p. 147
10.4.1 Digital System Objectives	p. 147
10.4.2 Digital Speech	p. 148
10.4.3 Data Transmission	p. 149
10.4.4 Equalization	p. 149
10.4.5 Power Control	p. 149
10.4.6 Discontinuous Transmission	p. 150
10.4.7 Handover	p. 150
10.4.8 Carrier-to-Interference Ratio	p. 150
10.5 System Capacity Engineering	p. 150
10.6 Cost 231 Definitions of Cell Types	p. 152
10.7 Miscellaneous Topics	p. 153
10.7.1 Modeling of the Transmission Path	p. 153
10.7.2 Doppler Shift	p. 154
10.7.3 Fading Rates	p. 154
10.7.4 Diffraction Effects Over and Around Buildings	p. 154
10.7.5 Diversity Improvement	p. 155
10.7.6 Multipath Delay	p. 156
10.8 Summary	p. 156
References	p. 158
Chapter 11 Communication Into and Within Buildings	p. 159
11.1 Introduction	p. 159
11.2 Background	p. 160
11.3 Building Penetration Loss	p. 161
11.3.1 Measurements	p. 161
11.3.2 Height Gain	p. 162
11.3.3 Measurement Techniques	p. 163
11.4 Inbuilding Losses	p. 163
11.4.1 Measurements	p. 163
11.4.2 Path-Loss Models	p. 163
11.4.3 Measurement Results	p. 165
11.5 Comments on Available Models	p. 166
11.6 Anomalous Experimental Results	p. 167
11.6.1 Penetration Loss Versus Frequency	p. 167
11.6.2 Height-Gain Factor	p. 168
11.6.3 Wall and Window Penetration Loss	p. 169
11.7 Summary	p. 170
References	p. 171
Chapter 12 Propagation in Fixed and Mobile Systems--A Comparison	p. 173
12.1 Introduction	p. 173
12.2 Path Loss	p. 174
12.2.1 Fixed Links	p. 174
12.2.2 Mobile Systems	p. 174
12.3 Multipath and Mean-Depression Fading	p. 175
12.3.1 Fixed Links	p. 175
12.3.2 Mobile Systems	p. 176
12.4 Multipath Delays	p. 177
12.4.1 Fixed Links	p. 177
12.4.2 Mobile Systems	p. 177
12.5 Diversity	p. 177
12.5.1 Fixed Links	p. 177
12.5.2 Mobile Systems	p. 178
12.6 Frequency Reuse	p. 178
12.6.1 Fixed Links	p. 178
12.6.2 Mobile Systems	p. 179
12.7 Summary	p. 179
About the Author	p. 183
Index	p. 185

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