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Library | Item Barcode | Call Number | Material Type | Item Category 1 | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Searching... | 30000010177463 | QA76.9.H85 D82 2007 | Open Access Book | Book | Searching... |
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Summary
Summary
Despite the availability of cheap, fast, accurate and usable eye trackers, there is little information available on how to develop, implement and use these systems. This 2nd edition of the successful guide contains significant additional material on the topic and aims to fill that gap in the market by providing an accessible comprehensive introduction.
Additional key features of the 2nd edition include: Technical description of new (state-of-the-art) eye tracking technology (new chapters 9, 10, and 11); a complete whole new Part describing experimental methodology including experimental design, empirical guidelines, and 5 case studies (new chapters 13, 14, and 15); survey material regarding recent research publications included within Part IV.
This second edition is a invaluable guide for practitioners responsible for developing or implementing an eye tracking system, as can also be used as a teaching text for relevant modules on advanced undergraduate and postgraduate courses.
Table of Contents
List of Figures | p. XV |
List of Tables | p. XIX |
Part I Introduction to the Human Visual System (HVS) | |
1 Visual Attention | p. 3 |
1.1 Visual Attention: A Historical Review | p. 4 |
1.1.1 Von Helmholtz's "where" | p. 4 |
1.1.2 James' "what" | p. 5 |
1.1.3 Gibson's "how" | p. 6 |
1.1.4 Broadbent's "selective filter" | p. 6 |
1.1.5 Deutsch and Deutsch's "importance weightings" | p. 6 |
1.1.6 Yarbus and Noton and Stark's "scanpaths" | p. 8 |
1.1.7 Posner's "spotlight" | p. 9 |
1.1.8 Treisman's "glue" | p. 11 |
1.1.9 Kosslyn's "window" | p. 11 |
1.2 Visual Attention and Eye Movements | p. 12 |
1.3 Summary and Further Reading | p. 14 |
2 Neurological Substrate of the HVS | p. 17 |
2.1 The Eye | p. 20 |
2.2 The Retina | p. 21 |
2.2.1 The Outer Layer | p. 22 |
2.2.2 The Inner Nuclear Layer | p. 22 |
2.2.3 The Ganglion Layer | p. 24 |
2.3 The Optic Tract and M/P Visual Channels | p. 25 |
2.4 The Occipital Cortex and Beyond | p. 27 |
2.4.1 Motion-Sensitive Single-Cell Physiology | p. 28 |
2.5 Summary and Further Reading | p. 29 |
3 Visual Psychophysics | p. 31 |
3.1 Spatial Vision | p. 31 |
3.2 Temporal Vision | p. 35 |
3.2.1 Perception of Motion in the Visual Periphery | p. 38 |
3.2.2 Sensitivity to Direction of Motion in the Visual Periphery | p. 38 |
3.3 Color Vision | p. 38 |
3.4 Implications for Attentional Design of Visual Displays | p. 41 |
3.5 Summary and Further Reading | p. 42 |
4 Taxonomy and Models of Eye Movements | p. 43 |
4.1 The Extra-Ocular Muscles and The Oculomotor Plant | p. 43 |
4.2 Saccades | p. 44 |
4.3 Smooth Pursuits | p. 48 |
4.4 Fixations | p. 48 |
4.5 Nystagmus | p. 49 |
4.6 Implications for Eye Movement Analysis | p. 50 |
4.7 Summary and Further Reading | p. 50 |
Part II Eye Tracking Systems | |
5 Eye Tracking Techniques | p. 55 |
5.1 Electro-Oculography (EOG) | p. 56 |
5.2 Scleral Contact Lens/Search Coil | p. 57 |
5.3 Photo-Oculography (POG) or Video-Oculography (VOG) | p. 58 |
5.4 Video-Based Combined Pupil/Corneal Reflection | p. 58 |
5.5 Classifying Eye Trackers in "Mocap" Terminology | p. 62 |
5.6 Summary and Further Reading | p. 65 |
6 System Hardware Installation | p. 67 |
6.1 Integration Issues and Requirements | p. 67 |
6.2 System Installation | p. 71 |
6.3 Lessons Learned from the Installation at Clemson | p. 73 |
6.4 Summary and Further Reading | p. 74 |
7 System Software Development | p. 77 |
7.1 Mapping Eye Tracker Screen Coordinates | p. 78 |
7.1.1 Mapping Screen Coordinates to the 3D Viewing Frustum | p. 78 |
7.1.2 Mapping Screen Coordinates to the 2D Image | p. 80 |
7.1.3 Measuring Eye Tracker Screen Coordinate Extents | p. 80 |
7.2 Mapping Flock Of Birds Tracker Coordinates | p. 82 |
7.2.1 Obtaining the Transformed View Vector | p. 84 |
7.2.2 Obtaining the Transformed Up Vector | p. 85 |
7.2.3 Transforming an Arbitrary Vector | p. 85 |
7.3 3D Gaze Point Calculation | p. 86 |
7.3.1 Parametric Ray Representation of Gaze Direction | p. 89 |
7.4 Virtual Gaze Intersection Point Coordinates | p. 90 |
7.4.1 Ray/Plane Intersection | p. 90 |
7.4.2 Point-In-Polygon Problem | p. 92 |
7.5 Data Representation and Storage | p. 93 |
7.6 Summary and Further Reading | p. 95 |
8 System Calibration | p. 97 |
8.1 Software Implementation | p. 98 |
8.2 Ancillary Calibration Procedures | p. 102 |
8.2.1 Internal 2D Calibration | p. 103 |
8.2.2 Internal 3D Calibration | p. 105 |
8.3 Summary and Further Reading | p. 107 |
9 Eye Movement Analysis | p. 111 |
9.1 Signal Denoising | p. 113 |
9.2 Dwell-Time Fixation Detection | p. 115 |
9.3 Velocity-Based Saccade Detection | p. 115 |
9.4 Eye Movement Analysis in Three Dimensions | p. 119 |
9.4.1 Parameter Estimation | p. 122 |
9.4.2 Fixation Grouping | p. 127 |
9.4.3 Eye Movement Data Mirroring | p. 128 |
9.5 Summary and Further Reading | p. 128 |
Part III Eye Tracking Applications | |
10 Diversity and Types of Eye Tracking Applications | p. 131 |
10.1 Summary and Further Reading | p. 132 |
11 Neuroscience and Psychology | p. 133 |
11.1 Neurophysiological Investigation of Illusory Contours | p. 134 |
11.2 Attentional Neuroscience | p. 135 |
11.3 Eye Movements and Brain Imaging | p. 138 |
11.4 Reading | p. 140 |
11.5 Scene Perception | p. 143 |
11.5.1 Perception of Art | p. 148 |
11.5.2 Perception of Film | p. 150 |
11.6 Visual Search | p. 152 |
11.6.1 Computational Models of Visual Search | p. 158 |
11.7 Natural Tasks | p. 163 |
11.8 Eye Movements in Other Information Processing Tasks | p. 167 |
11.9 Summary and Further Reading | p. 169 |
12 Industrial Engineering and Human Factors | p. 171 |
12.1 Aviation | p. 171 |
12.2 Driving | p. 175 |
12.3 Visual Inspection | p. 182 |
12.4 Summary and Further Reading | p. 192 |
13 Marketing/Advertising | p. 193 |
13.1 Copy Testing | p. 195 |
13.2 Print Advertising | p. 196 |
13.3 Ad Placement | p. 200 |
13.4 Summary and Further Reading | p. 202 |
14 Computer Science | p. 205 |
14.1 Human-Computer Interaction and Collaborative Systems | p. 205 |
14.1.1 Eye-Based Interaction | p. 206 |
14.1.2 Usability | p. 209 |
14.1.3 Collaborative Systems | p. 211 |
14.2 Gaze-Contingent Displays | p. 211 |
14.2.1 Screen-Based Displays | p. 213 |
14.2.2 Model-Based Graphical Displays | p. 217 |
14.3 Summary and Further Reading | p. 225 |
15 Conclusion | p. 227 |
References | p. 229 |
Index | p. 245 |